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Renormalized self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motion
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2018, Article number: 326 (2018)
Abstract
Let \(B^{H,K}=\{B^{H,K}(t), t \geq 0\}\) be a d-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameters \(H\in (0,1)\) and \(K\in (0,1]\). Assuming \(d\geq 2\), we prove that the renormalized self-intersection local time
exists in \(L^{2}\) if and only if \(HKd< 3/2\), where δ denotes the Dirac delta function. Our work generalizes the result of the renormalized self-intersection local time for fractional Brownian motion.
1 Introduction
Fractional Brownian motion has received much attention in recent years due to its long-range dependence, stationarity increments, and self-similarity. It has been widely applied in turbulence, image processing, mathematics finance, and so on for small increments. However, it is inadequate to large increments. So, it is very natural to explore the extension of fractional Brownian motion which keeps some properties of fractional Brownian motion (gaussianity, stationarity of small increments, self-similarity), and then bifractional Brownian motion as a generalization of fractional Brownian motion has been investigated by many authors, see [5, 13, 15] and the references therein for more details.
Let us briefly recall some related definitions of bifractional Brownian motion as follows. Set \(B^{H,K}_{0}=\{B^{H,K}_{0}(t), t \geq 0 \}\) be a bifractional Brownian motion in \(\mathbb{R}\) with Hurst parameters \(H\in (0,1)\) and \(K\in (0,1]\), i.e., a centered, real-valued Gaussian process with zero mean and covariance function given by
This process is HK-self similar and satisfies the following estimates:
for each \(T>0\) and \(s,t\in [0,T]\). Moreover, we can easily check that it is Hölder continuous of order δ for any \(\delta < HK\) from the Kolmogorov criterium. In particular, if \(K=1\), \(B^{H,1}_{0}(t)\) is a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter \(H\in (0,1)\).
We associate with \(B^{H,K}_{0}\) a Gaussian process \(B^{H,K}=\{B^{H,K}(t), t \geq 0\}\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\) by
where \(B^{H,K}_{1},\ldots ,B^{H,K}_{d}\) are independent copies of \(B^{H,K}_{0}\). \(B^{H,K}\) is called a d-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameters \(H\in (0,1)\) and \(K\in (0,1]\).
On the other hand, since the work of Varadhan [16], self-intersection local time, as an important topic of probability theory, has been widely considered and studied in recent years. Especially, when it comes to Brownian motion and fractional Brownian motion, it has been extensively studied, see [1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 11, 17] and the references therein.
Recently, the self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motion has already been researched by few scholars. Jiang and Wang [9] studied the existence and smoothness of the self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motions. Chen et al. [3] considered the existence and smoothness of self-intersection local times for a large class of Gaussian random fields, including fractional Brownian motion, fractional Brownian sheets, and bifractional Brownian motion. For more on the local time of bifractional Brownian motion, we can see [14, 18] and so on.
We know that the non-renormalized self-intersection local time of fractional Brownian motion exists in \(L^{2}\) for \(Hd<1\) by the results of Jiang and Wang [9] and Chen et al. [3]. But for the case of renormalization, Hu and Nualart [7] obtained that the renormalized self-intersection local time of fractional Brownian motion exists in \(L^{2}\) for \(Hd<3/2\). Therefore, the existence is different between renormalization and non-renormalization of self-intersection local time. In this paper, we consider the existence of renormalized self-intersection local time for bifractional Brownian motion. Our conclusions generalize the result of fractional Brownian motion in Hu and Nualart [7] to bifractional Brownian motions.
In this paper, the following local times of bifractional Brownian motion will be involved, including the local time \(\ell_{T} ^{H,K}(x)\) and the self-intersection local time \(I(H,K,T)\) of bifractional Brownian motion \(B^{H,K}(t)\). Formally, they are defined respectively as follows: for \(T>0\),
and
where \({\delta }(x)\) is the Dirac delta function for \(x \in \mathbb{R}^{d}\).
The Dirac delta function is formally
where
By (1.6), we define the approximated self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motion by
We will consider the following two questions:
-
(1)
We consider the existence in \(L^{2}\) and a sharp upper bound of second moment of local time \(\ell_{T}^{H,K}(x)\) for bifractional Brownian motion. Although the existence of the local time for anisotropic Gaussian random fields is obtained in Theorem 2.6 by Chen et al. [3], which contains the result of bifractional Brownian motion, a sharp upper bound of second moment of the local time for anisotropic Gaussian random fields is not got. It is not enough to research the local time for Gaussian random fields. So, in order to fill this vacancy for bifractional Brownian motion, we give the following Theorem 1.1.
Theorem 1.1
Assume that \(HKd<1\). Then the local time \(\ell_{T}^{H,K}(x)\) of the d-dimension bifractional Brownian motion is square integrable, and for any \(x \in \mathbb{R}^{d}\), we have the sharp upper bound
where k is a constant depending on H and K.
-
(2)
The latter problem is to generalize the result of Hu and Nualart [7] to bifractional Brownian motion. That is, we will consider the existence of the renormalized self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motion in \(L^{2}\). We get the following Theorem 1.2.
Theorem 1.2
Let \(B^{H,K}=\{B^{H,K}(t), t \geq 0\}\) be a d-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameters \(H\in (0,1)\) and \(K\in (0,1]\). Then, for every \(T>0\), the renormalized self-intersection local time \(L_{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)-\mathbb{E}[L _{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)]\) of \(B^{H,K}\) converges in \(L^{2}\) as ε tends to zero if and only if \(HKd<\frac{3}{2}\).
The paper is organized as follows. In Sect. 2, we study the square-integrable of the local time of d-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion. We prove the existence of the self-intersection local time of d-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion in Sect. 3.
For simplicity, we will use k to denote unspecified positive finite constants which may be different in each appearance throughout this paper.
2 Square integrable of the local time
In this section, the local time of the d-dimension bifractional Brownian motion will be discussed. We firstly give the following lemma which plays an important role in proving the existence of the local time and Theorem 1.1.
Lemma 2.1
([15], Proposition 2.1)
For all constants \(0< a< b\), \(B^{H,K}_{0}(t)\) is strongly locally φ-nondeterministic on \(I=[a,b]\) with \(\varphi (r)=r^{2HK}\). That is, there exist positive constants k and \(r_{0}\) such that, for all \(t\in I\) and all \(0< r\leq \min \{t, r_{0}\}\),
By (2.1), we have that: if \(0\leq t_{1}< t_{2}<\cdots <t _{n}<T\), then there is a constant \(k>0\) such that
for any \(u_{m}\in \mathbb{R}\), \(m=2,\ldots ,n\).
Now, we prove Theorem 1.1, which is an extension of Theorem 5.1 in [8] to bifractional Brownian motion.
Proof of Theorem 1.1
From the expression of \(\ell_{T}^{H,K}(x)\) and (1.6), we can get
where we used the fact that \(\mathbb{E}[e^{iX}]=\exp \{-\frac{1}{2} \operatorname{Var}(X)\}\) for any Gaussian random variable X.
By the local nondeterminism (2.2) of bifractional Brownian motion and \(\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K}(t))=t^{2HK}\), we have that, for \(0\leq s< t \leq T\), there is a positive constant \(k>0\) such that
Therefore, we get that the last integral of (2.3) is bounded by the following expression:
By integrating with respect to ξ and η, respectively, and changing the variable \(s=tu\) for s, we obtain that expression (2.4) is equal to
This completes the proof. □
Remark
this proposition implies that the local time of bifractional Brownian motion exists in \(L^{2}\) if \(HKd<1\). This is consistent with Theorem 2.6 in [3] and Theorem 1 in [12].
3 The existence of the renormalized self-intersection local time
In this section, we will prove the existence of the renormalized self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motion, which extends the result of Hu and Nualart [7] to bifractional Brownian motion. For more on the existence of the self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motion, we can refer to Jiang and Wang [9] and Chen et al. [3].
According to the definition for the self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motion and (1.7), we get
Then, by the independence of \(B^{H,K}_{1},\ldots ,B^{H,K}_{d}\), we obtain the mean of the self-intersection local time
and the second moment of the self-intersection local time
where \(\mathcal{T}=\{(s,t,s',t')\mid 0\leq s< t\leq T, 0\leq s'< t'\leq T\}\) and \(\tau =(s,t,s',t')\).
Notice that
where \(B^{H,K}_{1}(t)\) denotes a one-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameters H and K, λ is the variance of \(B^{H,K}_{1}(t)-B^{H,K}_{1}(s)\), ρ is the variance of \(B^{H,K}_{1}(t')-B^{H,K}_{1}(s')\), and μ is the covariance of \(B^{H,K}_{1}(t)-B^{H,K}_{1}(s)\) and \(B^{H,K}_{1}(t')-B^{H,K}_{1}(s')\).
Then the second moment of the random variable \(L_{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)\) is
Based on \(\mathbb{E}[L_{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)]\) and \(\mathbb{E}[L_{ \varepsilon }^{2}(H,K,T)]\), it follows that
By equality (3.4), we have
Therefore, the limit of
as \(\varepsilon_{1}\), \(\varepsilon_{2}\) tend to 0, exists if and only if \(\int_{\mathcal{T}}[(\lambda \rho -\mu^{2})^{-\frac{d}{2}}-(\lambda \rho )^{-\frac{d}{2}}]\,d\tau \).
By Loève’s criterion of mean-square convergence, we know that a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of \(L_{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)-\mathbb{E}[L_{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)] \) in \(L^{2}\) is the existence of finite limit of (3.5) as \(\varepsilon_{1}\), \(\varepsilon_{2}\) tend to 0. Consequently, a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of \(L_{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)-\mathbb{E}[L _{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)]\) in \(L^{2}\) is that
For notation and simplicity along the paper, we will denote \(\delta =\lambda \rho -\mu^{2}\) and \(\varTheta =\delta^{-\frac{d}{2}}-( \lambda \rho )^{-\frac{d}{2}}\), then the last inequality is rewritten as
For simplicity, we give some symbols. The region \(\mathcal{T}=\{(s,t,s',t')\mid 0\leq s< t\leq T,0\leq s'< t'\leq T\}\) is decomposed as follows:
where
Then, for \((s,t,s',t')\in \mathcal{T}\), we can consider the following three cases:
-
(i)
If \((s,t,s',t')\in \mathcal{T}_{1}\), denoting \(a=s'-s\), \(b=t-s'\), \(c=t'-t\), and \(e=s\), we have
$$\begin{aligned}& \lambda =\lambda_{1} :=(a+b)^{2HK}, \qquad \rho = \rho_{1}:=(b+c)^{2HK}, \\& \mu =\mu_{1} :=\frac{1}{2^{K}} \bigl[ \bigl[(e+a+b)^{2H}+(e+a+b+c)^{2H} \bigr]^{K}- \bigl[(e+a+b)^{2H}+(e+a)^{2H} \bigr]^{K} \\& \hphantom{\mu =\mu_{1} :=} - \bigl[e^{2H}+(e+a+b+c)^{2H} \bigr]^{K}+ \bigl[e^{2H}+(e+a)^{2H} \bigr]^{K} \bigr] \\& \hphantom{\mu =\mu_{1} :=}+\frac{1}{2^{K}} \bigl[b^{2HK}-c^{2HK}-a^{2HK}+(a+b+c)^{2HK} \bigr]. \end{aligned}$$ -
(ii)
If \((s,t,s',t')\in \mathcal{T}_{2}\), denoting \(a=s'-s\), \(b=t'-s'\), \(c=t-t'\), and \(e=s\), we have
$$\begin{aligned}& \lambda =\lambda_{2} :=(a+b+c)^{2HK}, \qquad \rho = \rho_{2}:=b^{2HK}, \\& \mu =\mu_{2} :=\frac{1}{2^{K}} \bigl[ \bigl[(e+a+b+c)^{2H}+(e+a+b)^{2H} \bigr]^{K} \\& \hphantom{\mu =\mu_{1} :=}- \bigl[(e+a+b+c)^{2H}+(e+a)^{2H} \bigr]^{K} \\& \hphantom{\mu =\mu_{1} :=}- \bigl[e^{2H}+(e+a+b)^{2H} \bigr]^{K}+ \bigl[e^{2H}+(e+a)^{2H} \bigr]^{K} \bigr] \\& \hphantom{\mu =\mu_{1} :=}+\frac{1}{2^{K}} \bigl[(b+c)^{2HK}-c^{2HK}-a^{2HK}+(a+b)^{2HK} \bigr]. \end{aligned}$$ -
(iii)
If \((s,t,s',t')\in \mathcal{T}_{3}\), denoting \(a=t-s\), \(b=s'-t\), \(c=t'-s'\), and \(e=s\), we have
$$\begin{aligned}& \lambda =\lambda_{3} :=a^{2HK}, \qquad \rho = \rho_{3}:=c^{2HK}, \\& \mu =\mu_{3} :=\frac{1}{2^{K}} \bigl[ \bigl[(e+a)^{2H}+(e+a+b+c)^{2H} \bigr]^{K}- \bigl[(e+a)^{2H}+(e+a+b)^{2H} \bigr]^{K} \\& \hphantom{\mu =\mu_{1} :=}- \bigl[e^{2H}+(e+a+b+c)^{2H} \bigr]^{K}+ \bigl[e^{2H}+(e+a+b)^{2H} \bigr]^{K} \bigr] \\& \hphantom{\mu =\mu_{1} :=} +\frac{1}{2^{K}} \bigl[\vert a+b+c \vert ^{2HK}- \vert a+b \vert ^{2HK}-\vert b+c \vert ^{2HK}+b^{2HK} \bigr]. \end{aligned}$$
Meanwhile, we set \(\delta_{i}=\lambda_{i}\rho_{i}-\mu^{2}_{i}\) and \(\varTheta_{i}=\delta_{i}^{-\frac{d}{2}}-(\lambda_{i}\rho_{i})^{- \frac{d}{2}}\) for \(i=1,2,3\).
For \(\mu_{3}\), we can get the following upper bounded by the basic inequalities.
Lemma 3.1
For \(\mu_{3}\) defined in case (iii), there exists a constant k such that
Proof
For the convenience of calculation, we set \(\mu_{3}:= \Delta_{3,1}+\Delta_{3,2}\), where
and
For the term \(\Delta_{3,1}\), we easily get \(\Delta_{3,1} \leq kacb ^{2HK-2}\).
Now, we consider the term \(\Delta_{3,2}\). Let \(f(t)=[t^{2H}+(e+a+b+c)^{2H}]^{K}-[t ^{2H}+(e+a+b)^{2H}]^{K}\). Then we have
So, by the mean theorem, there exist \(\xi \in (e, e+a)\) and \(\eta \in (e+a+b, e+a+b+c)\) such that
where we used the fact that \(\xi^{2H}+\eta^{2H}\geq \xi^{2H\alpha } \eta^{2H\eta }\), \(\alpha =\frac{1-2H}{2H(K-2)}, \beta ={1- \frac{1-2H}{2H(K-2)}}\). Further,
Combining the upper bounds of \(\Delta_{3,1}\) and \(\Delta_{3,2}\), we get that \(\mu_{3} \leq kb^{2HK-2}ac\). □
The following lemma provides some useful inequalities for the proof of Theorem 1.2.
Lemma 3.2
Following the decomposition of the region \(\mathcal{T}\), there exists a constant k such that
-
(i)
$$\begin{aligned} \delta_{1}\geq k \bigl[(a+b)^{2HK}c^{2HK}+(b+c)^{2HK} a^{2HK} \bigr], \end{aligned}$$(3.10)
-
(ii)
for \(i=2,3\),
$$\begin{aligned} \delta_{i}\geq k\lambda_{i} \rho_{i}. \end{aligned}$$(3.11)
Proof
For case (i), we denote \(\bar{a}=\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K}_{1}(s')-B ^{H,K}_{1}(s))\), \(\bar{b}=\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K}_{1}(t)-B^{H,K}_{1}(s'))\), \(\bar{c}=\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K}_{1}(t')-B^{H,K}_{1}(t))\). On the one hand, by the local nondeterminism (2.2), we have, for all u and v,
On the other hand, by using inequality (1.2), we get
Thus, through combining (3.12) with (3.13), it is easy to get
This implies that
Therefore, \((\lambda_{1}-k\bar{a}-k\bar{b})(\rho_{1}-k\bar{b}-k \bar{c})-(\mu_{1}-k\bar{b})^{2}\geq 0\).
By calculating, we have
According to the inequality \(\mu_{1}^{2}\leq \lambda_{1}\rho_{1}\), it is easy to get \(\mu_{1}\leq \sqrt{\lambda_{1}\rho_{1}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\lambda_{1}+\rho_{1})\). Furthermore, we get that \(\delta_{1}\) has the lower bound as follows:
Meanwhile, based on \(C_{r}\)-inequality and the denotes ā, b̄, c̄, we know that \(\lambda_{1}\leq 2(\bar{a}+\bar{b})= 2( {a}^{2HK}+{b}^{2HK})\), \(\rho_{1}\leq 2(\bar{b}+\bar{c})= 2({b}^{2HK}+ {c}^{2HK})\), then
Furthermore, we can choose \(k\in (0,4)\) satisfying inequality (2.2) such that the following inequality holds:
where we used the fact \((a+b)^{2HK}\leq k({a}^{2HK}+{b}^{2HK})\).
Next, we prove case (ii). For \(i=2\), denote \(\bar{a}=\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K} _{1}(s')-B^{H,K}_{1}(s))\), \(\bar{b}=\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K}_{1}(t')-B^{H,K} _{1}(s'))\), \(\bar{c}=\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K}_{1}(t)-B^{H,K}_{1}(t'))\). By (2.2), we get that \(\lambda_{2}\geq k(\bar{a}+\bar{b}+ \bar{c})\), \(\rho_{2}\geq k\bar{b}\), and for all u and v, we have
On the other hand,
Then, we have the following inequality by combining (3.14) with (3.15):
Thus, it is easy to see
Furthermore, according to the definition of δ, we can get
For \(i=3\), denote \(\bar{a}=\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K}_{1}(t)-B^{H,K}_{1}(s))\), \(\bar{b}=\operatorname{Var}(B^{H,K}_{1}(s')-B^{H,K}_{1}(t))\), \(\bar{c}=\operatorname{Var}(B ^{H,K}_{1}(t')-B^{H,K}_{1}(s'))\). It is easy to get \(\lambda_{3}= \bar{a}\) and \(\rho_{3}=\bar{c}\). Meanwhile, by the local nondeterminism (2.2), for all u and v,
and
Then, it follows from combining (3.16) with (3.17) that
Thus,
Therefore, we get
Thus, the proof of Lemma 3.2 is completed. □
By Lemma 3.2 and \(\delta_{i}\), \(\varTheta_{i}\), \(i=1,2,3\), defined above, we can get the following result.
Lemma 3.3
For \(i=2,3\), there exists a constant k such that
and
The proof of this lemma can be found in Hu and Nualart [7].
For proving Theorem 1.2, we will make use of the following elementary lemma.
Lemma 3.4
Let \(\varXi_{T}\) be defined by (3.7). Then \(\varXi_{T}<+\infty \) if and only if \(HKd<\frac{3}{2}\).
Proof
The proof will be done in two steps.
Step 1. We give the proof of the sufficient condition, that is, if \(HKd<\frac{3}{2}\), we claim that
We split the proof into three cases for the value of i.
For \(i=1\), it is easy to get from (3.10)
and
Thus, the result \(\int_{[0,T]^{3}}\varTheta_{1}\,da\,db\,dc<+\infty \) can be obtained by combining the last two inequalities (3.21) and (3.22) for \(i=1\).
For \(i=2\), we decompose the region \(\mathcal{T}_{2}\) as \(\mathcal{T}_{2}=\{b\geq \eta_{1} a\}\cup \{b\geq \eta_{2} c\}\cup \{b< \eta_{1} a, b<\eta_{2} c\}\) for some fixed but arbitrary \(\eta_{1}>0\) and \(\eta_{2}>0\).
When \(b<\eta_{1} a\) and \(b<\eta_{2} c\), following the definition of \(\mu_{2}\), we set
where
and
It is easy to get
Next, we consider \(\Delta_{2,1}\). We know that \(\Delta_{2,1}\) can be rewritten as follows:
Let \(f(t,x)=(t^{2H}+x^{2H})^{K}\), by differential we get
By the mean theorem, there exists \(\xi \in (s',t')\) such that
If \(2HK-1\leq 0\), by \(a\leq e+a= s'\leq \xi \leq t'= (e+a+b)\), the last inequality of (3.23) is bounded by
Then there exists a constant k such that
By combining \(\Delta_{2,1}\) with \(\Delta_{2,2}\), we have \(\mu_{2} \leq k(a^{2HK-1}+c^{2HK-1})b\).
If \(2HK-1>0\), we have
It follows that \(\mu_{2}\leq k(a^{2HK-1}+c^{2HK-1})b\).
Using (3.18) of Lemma 3.3, we have
For the case \(b\geq \eta_{2} a\), using inequality (3.19) of Lemma 3.3, it is easy to get
If \(HKd<1\), the last integral of (3.25) is finite.
If \(HK\,d\geq 1\), the last integral of (3.25) is written by
For \(i=3\), we also decompose the integral region as \(\mathcal{T}_{3}=I _{1}+I_{2}+I_{3}+I_{4}\), where \(I_{1}=\{a\geq \eta_{1}b,c\geq \eta _{2}b\}\), \(I_{2}=\{a<\eta_{1}b,c<\eta_{2}b\}\), \(I_{3}=\{a\geq \eta _{1}b,c<\eta_{2}b\}\), and \(I_{4}=\{a<\eta_{1}b,c\geq \eta_{2}b\}\), for some fixed but arbitrary \(\eta_{1}>0\) and \(\eta_{2}>0\).
Firstly, we consider in the region \(I_{1}\). By (3.19) of Lemma 3.3, it follows that
Secondly, in the region \(I_{2}\). By (3.8) and (3.18), we obtain that
where we have used the inequality \(-\frac{2}{3}dHK<2-2HK-dHK\). Therefore,
Finally, we consider the case \(a\geq \eta_{2}b\) and \(c<\eta_{1}b\), the region \(I_{4}\) can be achieved similarly.
If \(HKd > 1\), then \(2HK-1 > 0\). On the one hand, by inequality (3.9), for \(\eta \in (e+a+b, e+a+b+c)\), we have
On the other hand,
so,
it follows that
Therefore, we get
If \(HKd \leq 1\), we get that \(2HK - 1 \leq 0\), then
Thus,
Step 2. We give the proof of the necessary condition. Assume that \(dHK=\frac{3}{2}\), then we claim that \(\varXi_{T}=+\infty \). It suffices to show that
In order to get this result, we just prove the result for \(i=3\). Because \(\mu_{3}=\Delta_{3,1}+\Delta_{3,2}\), then
where
and
When \(2HK-1>0\), for the term \(A_{1}\), by Lemma 11 of Hu [7], it is easy to get
Now, we consider the term \(A_{2}\). Because \(2HK-1>0\), we have \(2H-1>0\), \(d=2\), and \(HK=\frac{3}{4}\). It is easy to get from (3.9) that there exists a constant \(k>0\) such that
Then we have that, for \(a,b,c,e>0\),
Next, for the term \(A_{3}\), following the inequalities
and (3.29), we get
So,
By combining inequalities (3.28), (3.30) with (3.32), we get that \(\varXi_{T}=+\infty \).
When \(2HK-1\leq 0\), we have \(d\geq 3\) and \(2-HKd-2HK=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{3}{d}>-1\). In order to check (3.26), we use a similar way of the proof of Lemma 11 in Hu [7]. For convenience, we give shortly the proof. Notice that
It follows that
and
where \(2HK-HKd-1<-1\). This completes the proof of this lemma. □
Now, we give the proof of Theorem 1.2.
Proof of Theorem 1.2
By (3.4), we have
And it follows from Lemma 3.4 that
These imply that the renormalized self-intersection local time \(L_{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)-\mathbb{E}[L_{\varepsilon }(H,K,T)]\) of \(B^{H,K}\) converges in \(L^{2}\) as ε tends to zero if and only if \(HKd<\frac{3}{2}\). This completes the proof of Theorem 1.2. □
4 Conclusions
In this paper, we considered that the local time and the renormalized self-intersection local time of d-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameters \(H\in (0,1)\) and \(K\in (0,1]\) exist in \(L^{2}\) for \(d\geq 2\). Our work generalizes the results of the local time of fractional Brownian motion in Hu and Øksendal [8] and the renormalized self-intersection local time of fractional Brownian motion in Hu and Nualart [7], respectively.
Change history
24 January 2019
In the publication of this article [1], there are five errors. They have now been corrected in this correction.
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We thank the anonymous referees and the associate editor for their careful reading of the manuscript and some valuable comments.
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This work is supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of Ministry of Education (18YJA910001), the National Statistical Science Research Project of China (2017LY51), Zhejiang Provincial Key Research Project of Statistics (18TJZZ08), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11371321), the Natural Science Foundation of Universities of Anhui Province (KJ2016A527), and the First Class Discipline of Zhejiang - A (Zhejiang Gongshang University - Statistics).
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Chen, Z., Sang, L. & Hao, X. Renormalized self-intersection local time of bifractional Brownian motion. J Inequal Appl 2018, 326 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-018-1916-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-018-1916-3