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The existence and boundedness of linear and multilinear Marcinkiewicz integrals on central Campanato spaces
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2020, Article number: 194 (2020)
Abstract
In this paper, we obtain the existence and boundedness of Marcinkiewicz integrals with homogeneous kernels on central Campanato spaces. Moreover, the existence and boundedness of multilinear Marcinkiewicz integrals on central Campanato spaces are also deduced. We extend various previous results to central Campanato spaces which can be seen as the local version of Campanato spaces.
1 Introduction
Let \(\varOmega \in L^{1}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})\) be homogeneous of degree zero and satisfy
where \(x'=x/\vert x \vert \) for any \(x\neq 0\). The Marcinkiewicz integral operator of higher dimension is defined by
where \(F_{\varOmega, t} (x)= \int _{\vert x-y\vert \leq t} \frac{\varOmega (x-y)}{\vert x-y\vert ^{n-1}}f(y)\,dy\), and \(\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\) is the unit sphere of \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\)\((n\geqslant 2)\) equipped with normalized Lebesgue measure \(d \sigma =d \sigma (x')\).
Stein [1] proved that, if Ω is continuous and satisfies a \(\mathrm{Lip}_{\alpha }\)\((0<\alpha \leq 1)\) condition on \(\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\), then \(\mu _{\varOmega }\) is of type \((p,p)\)\((1< p\leq 2)\) and of weak type \((1,1)\). Benedek et al. [2] proved that, if \(\varOmega \in C^{1} ({\mathbb{S}^{n-1}})\), then \(\mu _{\varOmega }\) is of type \((p,p)\)\((1< p\leq \infty )\). Ding [3] proved that if Ω is homogeneous of degree zero satisfying a class of \(L^{q}\)-Dini \((1< q\leq \infty )\) conditions, and then \(\mu _{\varOmega }\) is bounded on Campanato spaces.
Definition 1.1
Suppose \(1\leq p <\infty \) and \(-\frac{n}{p}\leq \alpha <1\). Then the Campanato space \(\varepsilon ^{\alpha,p} (\mathbb{R}^{n})\) is defined as
where
here \(B(x,r)=\lbrace y \in \mathbb{R}^{n}: \vert x-y\vert < r \rbrace \), \(\vert B(x,r)\vert \) is its Lebesgue measure and \(f_{B(x,r)}= \frac{1}{\vert B(x,r)\vert }\int _{B(x,r)} f(y)\,dy\).
Remark 1.1
When \(\alpha \in (0,1)\) and \(p\in [1, \infty )\), \(\varepsilon ^{\alpha,p} = \mathrm{Lip} _{\alpha }\), where \(\mathrm{Lip} _{\alpha }\) is the Lipschitz space; when \(\alpha =0\), the Campanato space is the BMO space; when \(\alpha \in (-\frac{n}{p},0)\), \(\varepsilon ^{\alpha,p} = L^{p, \alpha p+n}\), where \(L^{p, \alpha p+n}\) is the Morrey space.
Theorem A
([3])
Let\(1< p<\infty \), \(1\leq q'\leq p\), Ωsatisfy (1.1) and the\(L^{q}\)-Dini condition. Suppose that\(f\in \varepsilon ^{\alpha,p} (\mathbb{R}^{n})\)for\(- \infty <\alpha < 0\)and there is a measurable set\(E\subset \mathbb{R}^{n} \)with\(\vert E \vert >0\)such that\(\mu _{\varOmega } (f)(x)<\infty \)for any\(x\in E\). Then\(\mu _{\varOmega } (f)(x)<\infty \)a.e. on\(\mathbb{R}^{n}\)and\(\Vert \mu _{\varOmega } (f)\Vert _{\varepsilon ^{\alpha,p}} \leq C \Vert f\Vert _{\varepsilon ^{\alpha,p}} \), where the constantCis independent off.
The multilinear theory has attracted much attention since the pioneering work of Coifman and Meyer [4, 5]. The topic was reconsidered by several authors, including Christ and Journé [6], Kenig and Stein [7], Grafakos and Torres [8, 9], and Lerner et al. [10]. Chen, Xue and Yabuta [11] proved the boundedness of a multilinear Marcinkiewicz integral on Lebesgue spaces. Xue and Yabuta [12] proved the boundedness of a multilinear Marcinkiewicz integral on Campanato spaces.
Definition 1.2
([11])
Let Ω be a function defined on \((\mathbb{R}^{n})^{m}\) with the following properties:
-
(1)
Ω is homogeneous of degree 0, i.e., for any \(\lambda >0\) and \(\vec{y}=(y_{1}, \ldots, y_{m} ) \in (\mathbb{R}^{n})^{m} \),
$$ \varOmega (\lambda \vec{y}) = \varOmega ( \vec{y}); $$(1.2) -
(2)
Ω is Lipschitz continuous on \((\mathbb{S}^{n-1})^{m}\), i.e. there are \(0< \alpha <1\) and \(C>0\) such that, for any \(\vec{\xi } =(\xi _{1}, \ldots, \xi _{m})\), \(\vec{\eta } =(\eta _{1}, \ldots, \eta _{m}) \in (\mathbb{R}^{n})^{m} \),
$$ \bigl\vert \varOmega (\xi )- \varOmega (\eta ) \bigr\vert \leq C \bigl\vert \xi ' -\eta ' \bigr\vert ^{\alpha }, $$(1.3)where \((y_{1}, \ldots, y_{m} )'= \frac{(y_{1}, \ldots, y_{m} )}{\vert y_{1} \vert + \cdots + \vert y_{m} \vert }\), and we should note that \((y_{1}, \ldots, y_{m} )'\) is not an element of \((\mathbb{S}^{n-1})^{m}\);
-
(3)
the integration of Ω on each unit sphere vanishes,
$$ \int _{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}} \varOmega (y_{1}, \ldots, y_{m} ) \,dy_{j} =0,\quad j=1,\ldots, m. $$(1.4)
For any \(\vec{f}=(f_{1}, \ldots, f_{m}) \in (S(\mathbb{R}^{n}))^{m} \), we can define the operator \(F_{t}\) for any \(t>0\) as
where \(\vert \vec{y}\vert = \vert y_{1}\vert + \cdots + \vert y_{m} \vert \) and \(B(x,t)= \lbrace y \in \mathbb{R}^{n}: \vert y-x \vert \leq t \rbrace \). Finally, the multilinear Marcinkiewicz integral μ is defined by
If \(m=1\), it is easy to see that \(\mu (\vec{f})\) coincides with \(\mu _{\varOmega } (f)\).
Theorem B
([11])
Supposeμis bounded from\(L^{q_{1}}\times \cdots \times L^{q_{m}}\)to\(L^{q}\)for some\(1< q_{1}, \ldots, q_{m} <\infty \)with\(\frac{1}{q} = \frac{1}{q_{1}} + \cdots + \frac{1}{q_{m}}\). Then, for\(1< p_{1}, \ldots, p_{m} <\infty \)with\(\frac{1}{p} = \frac{1}{p_{1}} + \cdots + \frac{1}{p_{m}}\), there is a\(C>0\)such that
Yang [13] introduced the central Campanato spaces on p-adic fields and obtained the behavior of a class of p-adic singular integral operators on these spaces. In fact, the central Campanato space on Euclid spaces can be defined in a similar way. Now we are in a position to define the central Campanato space.
Definition 1.3
([13])
Suppose \(1\leq p <\infty \), \(q>1\), \(\alpha \in \mathbb{R}\) and \(n\in \mathbb{Z}\). The central Campanato space \(\mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha,p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) is defined as
where
Remark 1.2
When \(\alpha =\frac{1}{l}-1\), the central Campanato space \(\mathrm{CL}^{\alpha,p}\) is the central BMO space \(\mathrm{CMO}^{p}_{l}\), where \(0< l\leq 1< p<\infty \); see [14] for more about the space of \(\mathrm{CMO}^{p}_{l}\).
The main results of this paper are as follows.
Theorem 1.1
Let\(1< p<\infty \), \(1\leq q'\leq p\), Ωsatisfy (1.1) and the\(L^{q}\)-Dini condition. Suppose that\(f\in \mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha,p} (\mathbb{R}^{n})\)for\(-\infty <\alpha n <0\)and there is a measurable set\(E\subset \mathbb{R}^{n} \)with\(\vert E \vert >0\)such that\(\mu _{\varOmega } (f)(x)<\infty \)for any\(x\in E\). Then\(\mu _{\varOmega } (f)(x)<\infty \)a.e. on\(\mathbb{R}^{n}\)and\(\Vert \mu _{\varOmega } (f)\Vert _{\mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha,p}} \leq C \Vert f\Vert _{\mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha,p}} \), where the constantCis independent off.
Theorem 1.2
LetΩbe a function defined on\((\mathbb{R}^{n})^{m}\), satisfying (1.2), Lipschitz continuous (1.3) with index replaced byβand (1.4). Supposeμis bounded from\(L^{q_{1}}\times \cdots \times L^{q_{m}}\)to\(L^{q}\)for some\(1< q_{1}, \ldots, q_{m} <\infty \)with\(\frac{1}{q} = \frac{1}{q_{1}} + \cdots + \frac{1}{q_{m}}\). Suppose also that\(-\infty < \alpha = \alpha _{1} + \cdots +\alpha _{m} <0\)with\(\alpha _{1}, \ldots, \alpha _{m} <0\)and\(n< p<\infty \). Then, for\(1< p_{1}, \ldots, p_{m} <\infty \)with\(\frac{1}{p} = \frac{1}{p_{1}} + \cdots + \frac{1}{p_{m}}\), \(f_{j} \in \mathrm{CL}^{\alpha _{j}, p_{j}} (\mathbb{R}^{n})\)\((j=1, \ldots, m)\), \(\mu (\vec{f})\)is either infinite everywhere or finite almost everywhere, and in the latter case, there is a constant\(C>0\)such that
Remark 1.3
Comparing the definition of the Campanato space and the central Campanato space, we can easily see that the selection range of the ball B is different. This leads to the difference in the range of the index about the boundedness of \(\mu (\vec{f})\) on Campanato space and central Campanato space.
Throughout this paper we assume that the notation C represents a constant and its values may vary from line to line.
2 Some preliminaries and notations
Suppose that \(\varOmega \in L^{q}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})\)\((q\geqslant 1)\), the integral modulus \(\omega _{q}(\delta )\) of continuity of order q of Ω is defined by
where ρ is a rotation on \(\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\), \(\vert \rho \vert =\Vert \rho -I \Vert \). We say that Ω satisfies the \(L^{q}\)-Dini condition, if \(\omega _{q}(\delta )\) satisfies
To prove our main results, we begin with some important lemmas.
Lemma 2.1
([3])
Suppose that\(0<\lambda <n\), andΩis homogeneous of degree zero and satisfies the\(L^{q}\)-Dini condition for\(q>1\). If there exists a constant\(a_{0}>0\), such that\(\vert x\vert < a_{0} R\), then we have
where the constant\(C>0\)is independent ofRandx.
Lemma 2.2
Suppose that\(1< p <\infty \), \(-\infty <\alpha <\frac{1}{2}\), and\(\eta >\max \lbrace 0, \alpha pn\rbrace \). If\(f\in \mathrm{CL}^{\alpha,p}\), then there exists\(C>0\)such that, for any ball\(B_{0}\)centered at origin with side lengthdand\(x_{0}\in B_{0}\),
Proof
Let \(B_{k}\) be a ball with the same center of \(B_{0}\) and its radius is \(2^{k}\) times of \(B_{0}\). Decomposing \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) into a geometrically increasing sequence of concentric balls, and using the fact that \(\vert f_{B_{k}}-f_{B_{0}} \vert \leq C k \vert B_{k} \vert ^{\alpha }\Vert f \Vert _{\mathrm{CL}^{\alpha,p}}\), we have
Then the proof is complete. □
Lemma 2.3
Suppose that\(1< p <\infty \), \(-\infty <\alpha <\frac{1}{2}\), \(1\leq q' < p\)and\(\eta >\max \lbrace 0, \alpha pn\rbrace \). If\(f\in \mathrm{CL}^{\alpha,p}\), then there exists\(C>0\)such that, for any ball\(B_{0}\)with side lengthdand centered at origin and\(x_{0}\in B_{0}\),
Proof
Let \(B_{k}\) be a ball with the same center of \(B_{0}\) and its radius is \(2^{k}\) times of \(B_{0}\). Decomposing \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) into a geometrically increasing sequence of concentric balls, and using Hölder’s inequality and Lemma 2.2, we have
Then the proof is complete. □
Lemma 2.4
Suppose that\(1\leq p <\infty \), \(\alpha <0\), \(B=B(0, r)\), \(x \in B\)and\(t>8r>0\). If\(f \in \mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha,p}\), then, for\(0\leq k \leq k_{0}\)with\(k_{0} \in \mathbb{N}\)satisfying\(2r \leq 2^{-k_{0}} t <4r\), we have
Proof
Since \(x \in B\) and \(0\leq k \leq k_{0}\) satisfying \(2r \leq 2^{-k_{0}} t <4r\), we have \(B(x, 2^{-k}t) \subset B(0, 2^{-k+1} t)\). Thus
For \(j=k, \ldots, k_{0}\), we have
For the last term, since \(2r \leq 2^{-k_{0}}t \leq 4r\), we have
So we obtain
Then the proof is complete. □
Lemma 2.5
Suppose that\(1\leq p <\infty \), \(\alpha <0\), \(B=B(0, r)\), \(x \in B\)and\(k \in \mathbb{N}\). If\(f \in \mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha,p}\), then we have
Proof
For \(x \in B\) and \(k \in \mathbb{N}\), we have \(B(x,2^{k} r) \subset B(0, 2^{k+1}r)\). Similar to Lemma 2.4, we have
Then the proof is complete. □
Lemma 2.6
Suppose that\(\alpha <0\), \(B=B(0, r)\), \(x \in B\)and\(t>8r>0\), \(1\leq p <\infty \). If\(f \in \mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha,p}\), then we have
Proof
Let \(k_{0} \in \mathbb{N}\) satisfying \(2r\leq 2^{-k_{0}}t <4r\). Using Lemma 2.4, we obtain
Then the proof is complete. □
Lemma 2.7
Suppose that\(m\in \mathbb{N}\), \(B=B(0, r)\), \(x \in B\), \(1\leq p <\infty \), \(0<\beta \leq 1\)and\(\gamma <\beta \), \(\alpha =\alpha _{1} + \cdots + \alpha _{m} <0\)with\(\alpha _{1}, \ldots, \alpha _{m} <0\). If\(f_{i} \in \mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha _{i},p_{i}}\)\((i=1,\ldots, m)\), then we have
Proof
Using Lemma 2.5 and Hölder’s inequality, we have
Then the proof is complete. □
3 Proof the main results
Proof of Theorem 1.1
Let \(1 < p < \infty \), \(1 \leq q' \leq p\) and \(f \in \mathrm{CL}^{\alpha, p}\). We set B be the ball \(B(0,d)\), \(B^{*}=8B=B(0,8d)\), \(B^{j}= 2^{j}B= B(0, 2^{j} d)\)\((j\in \mathbb{Z})\). We first show that \(\mu _{\varOmega } (f)(x)<\infty \), a.e. on B. Let
By Theorem A and (1.1), we know that \(\mu _{\varOmega } (f_{1})(x)=0\) on B and
Hence
This shows that \(\mu _{\varOmega } (f_{2})(x) <\infty \), a.e. on B. Since \(\vert E\vert >0\), we have \(\vert B \cap E\vert >0\). There exists an \(x_{0} \in B \cap E\), such that \(\mu _{\varOmega } (f)(x_{0})<\infty \) and \(\mu _{\varOmega } (f_{2})(x_{0})<\infty \). Then
Fix any \(x \in B\), we write
We first estimate \(I_{1}\). It is obvious that \(\vert y-x\vert \approx \vert y-x_{0} \vert \approx \vert y \vert \), when \(x\in B\), \(x_{0} \in B\) and \(y\in (B^{*})^{c}\). Applying Minkowski’s inequality, we get
We take \(\eta >0\), such that \(\alpha n p < \eta < \frac{q'}{2}\). Then \(\tau = (\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\eta }{q'})q >0\). Using Hölder’s inequality and Lemma 2.3, we have
Similarly, we can get \(I_{2} \leq C d^{n\alpha } \Vert f\Vert _{\mathrm{CL}^{\alpha, p}}\). For the last term \(I_{3}\), we use Minkowski’s inequality to get
Applying Hölder’s inequality and Lemma 2.2, we have
To estimate \(I_{31}\), we take \(\eta >0\). Using Lemma 2.3, it yields
As for \(I_{32}\), we have
Since \(q' \leq p\) and using Hölder’s inequality, we obtain
For the last term \(I_{32}^{2}\), it is easy to get
Summarizing the above estimate, we conclude that
Thus we have
Because B is any ball centered at the origin, we get \(\mu _{\varOmega }(f)(x)<\infty \), a.e. on \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\). Finally, we show that \(\Vert \mu _{\varOmega }(f) \Vert _{\mathrm{CL}^{\alpha,p}} \leq C \Vert f \Vert _{\mathrm{CL}^{ \alpha,p}}\). In fact, from the above proof we find that there exists an \(x_{0} \in B\), such that \(\mu _{\varOmega } (f_{3})(x_{0}) <\infty \). Repeating the above proof, we obtain
Taking the supremum over all such B, the proof is complete. □
Now we give the proof of Theorem 1.2.
Proof of Theorem 1.2
It suffices to verify that, for any \(f_{j} \in \mathrm{CL} ^{\alpha _{j}, p_{j}}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\)\((j=1, \ldots, m)\), if there exists \(y_{0} \in \mathbb{R}^{n}\) such that \(\mu (\vec{f})(y_{0})<\infty \), then, for any ball \(B=B(0,r)\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}\) with \(y_{0} \in B\),
For any \(r>0\), we denote
and
Since Ω satisfies the vanishing condition (1.4), for any \(x \in B\),
We have \(\alpha _{1} + \cdots + \alpha _{m} =\alpha \) and \(\frac{1}{p}= \frac{1}{p_{1}}+\cdots + \frac{1}{p_{m}}\) with \(1< p_{1}, \ldots, p_{m} <\infty \). Using Theorem B, we get
We notice that
So the proof of Theorem 1.2 reduces to proving that, for any x, \(z \in B\),
It is easy to see that
For any \(z \in B\), \(t_{1}, \ldots, t_{m} >r\), we have \(B(z, t_{i})\subset B(0, 2t_{i}) (i=1,\ldots, m)\). If \(n< p<\infty \) and \(- \infty < \alpha <0\), the vanishing condition of Ω and Hölder’s inequality allow us to obtain
For \(z \in B\), \(t>8r\), \(B(z,t)\) can be decomposed into the following disjoint union:
Set \(B_{i}(z,t,r):= ( B(z,t)\setminus B(z,8r) )^{i-1} \times B(z,8r)\times ( B(z,t)\setminus B(z,8r) )^{m-i} \). We write
According to the above estimate, we have
For x, \(z \in B\), \(t\geqslant 8r\), we set
Consequently, we have
Fixing x, z and for \(t>0\), we introduce some notations:
For y, we denote
It is easy to see that
and
We write
For x, \(z \in B\) and Ω satisfying Lipschitz continuous condition, applying Lemma 2.7, we get
When x, \(z \in B\), \(8r\leq \vert x-y\vert < t\) and \(\vert z-y\vert <8r\), we have \(\vert x-y \vert < \vert x-z \vert + \vert z-y\vert <2r+8r=10r\). Then \(8r < \vert x-y \vert <10r\). Applying Lemma 2.6, we get
which leads to
Similarly,
Now we estimate \(H_{t,4} (\vec{f})\). For any x, \(z \in B\),
And for any \(t \in \bigcap_{j=1}^{m} \varTheta _{j}(x, y_{j})\), \(t> \frac{1}{m} (\sum_{j=1}^{m} \vert x-y_{j} \vert )\). Applying Lemma 2.7, we get
Similarly,
As for \(H_{t,6}^{l} (\vec{f}) \), suppose \(y_{1}, \ldots, y_{l} \in \varXi (t)\), \(y_{l+1}, \ldots, y_{m} \in \varLambda (x,t)\). Using Lemma 2.6, we have
So we obtain
Similarly,
Combining the above estimates, we have
Consequently, we have
Then the proof is complete. □
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The authors would like to express their deep gratitude to the anonymous referees for their careful reading of the manuscript and their comments and suggestions.
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This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11871452), and Project of Henan Provincial Department of Education (18A110028) and the Nanhu Scholar Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal University.
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Ma, J., Wei, M. & Yan, D. The existence and boundedness of linear and multilinear Marcinkiewicz integrals on central Campanato spaces. J Inequal Appl 2020, 194 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-020-02461-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-020-02461-2
Keywords
- Marcinkiewicz integral
- Homogeneous kernels
- Central Campanato spaces