- Research
- Open Access
Commutators associated with Schrödinger operators on the nilpotent Lie group
- Tianzhen Ni1 and
- Yu Liu1Email authorView ORCID ID profile
Journal of Inequalities and Applications20172017:312
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-017-1584-8
© The Author(s) 2017
- Received: 4 July 2017
- Accepted: 6 December 2017
- Published: 19 December 2017
Abstract
Assume that G is a nilpotent Lie group. Denote by \(L=-\Delta +W \) the Schrödinger operator on G, where Δ is the sub-Laplacian, the nonnegative potential W belongs to the reverse Hölder class \(B_{q_{1}}\) for some \(q_{1} \geq \frac{D}{2}\) and D is the dimension at infinity of G. Let \(\mathcal{R}=\nabla (-\Delta +W)^{-\frac{1}{2}}\) be the Riesz transform associated with L. In this paper we obtain some estimates for the commutator \([h,\mathcal{R}]\) for \(h\in \operatorname{Lip}^{\theta }_{\nu }\), where \(\operatorname{Lip}^{\theta }_{\nu }\) is a function space which is larger than the classical Lipschitz space.
Keywords
- commutator
- Lipschitz space
- nilpotent Lie groups
- reverse Hölder inequality
- Riesz transform
- Schrödinger operator
MSC
- 22E30
- 42B35
- 35J10
- 42B20
1 Introduction
Assume G to be a connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie group and \(\frak{g}\) to be its Lie algebra identified with the space of left invariant vector fields. Given \(X=\{X_{1},\ldots ,X_{l}\}\subseteq \frak{g}\), a Hörmander system of left invariant vector fields on G. Let \(\Delta =\sum^{l}_{i=1} X^{2}_{i}\) be the sub-Laplacian on G associated with X and the gradient operator ∇ be denoted by \(\nabla = (X_{1}, \ldots , X_{l})\). Following [1], one can define a left invariant metric d associated with X which is called the Carnot-Carathéodory metric: let \(x,y\in G\), and
where γ is a piecewise smooth curve satisfying
If \(x\in G\) and \(r>0\), we will denote by \(B(x,r)=\{y\in G \mid d(x,y)< r \}\) the metric balls. Assume dx to be the Haar measure on G. Then, for every measurable set \(E\subseteq G\), \(\vert E \vert \) denotes the measure of E. Suppose e to be the unit element of G. Note that \(V(r)=\vert B(e,r) \vert =\vert B(x,r) \vert \) for any \(x\in G\) and \(r>0\). It follows from in [2] or [3] that there exists a constant \(C_{1}>0\) such that
where d and D denote the local dimension and the dimension at infinity of G, and there is \(D\geq d>0\). At this time, the Lie group G is also called a Lie group of polynomial growth. If G is a stratified Lie group, then \(D= d\) (cf. [1]). Also, there exist positive constants \(C_{2}, C_{3}>1\) such that
Throughout this paper, we always assume that
\(d\ge 2\)
.
$$\begin{aligned} d(x,y)=\inf \bigl\{ \delta \mid \exists \gamma \colon [0,\delta ]\rightarrow G \mid \gamma (0)=x,\gamma (\delta )=y \bigr\} , \end{aligned}$$
$$ \gamma '(s)=\sum^{l}_{i=1}a_{i}(s)X_{i} \bigl(\gamma (s)\bigr), \quad \forall s\in [0,\delta ], \sum ^{l}_{i=1}\bigl\vert a_{i}(s) \bigr\vert ^{2}\leq 1. $$
$$\begin{aligned}& C^{-1}_{1}r^{d} \leq V(r)\leq C_{1} r^{d}, \quad \forall 0\leq r\leq 1; \end{aligned}$$
(1)
$$\begin{aligned}& C^{-1}_{1}r^{D}\leq V(r)\leq C_{1} r^{D},\quad \forall 1\leq r< \infty, \end{aligned}$$
(2)
$$\begin{aligned}& C^{-1}_{2}\biggl(\frac{R}{r} \biggr)^{d}\le \frac{V(R)}{V(r)}\le C_{2}\biggl( \frac{R}{r}\biggr)^{D},\quad \forall 0< r< R< \infty ; \end{aligned}$$
(3)
$$\begin{aligned}& V(2r)\leq C_{3} V(r). \end{aligned}$$
(4)
Let \(L=-\Delta +W\) be the Schrödinger operator, where Δ is the sub-Laplacian on G and the nonnegative potential W belongs to the reverse Hölder class \(B_{q_{1}}\) for some \(q_{1} \geq \frac{D}{2}\) and \(D>3\). The Riesz transform \(\mathcal{R}\) associated with the Schrödinger operator L is defined by
Let b be a locally integrable function on G and T be a linear operator. For a suitable function f, the commutator is defined by \([b,T]f=bT(f)-T(bf)\). Many researchers have paid attention to the commutator on \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\). It is well known that Coifman, Rochberg and Weiss [4] proved that \([b,T]\) is a bounded operator on \(L^{p}\) for \(1< p<\infty \) if and only if \(b \in \text{BMO} ( \mathbb{R}^{n})\), when T is a Calderón-Zygmund operator. Janson [5] proved that the commutator is bounded from \(L^{p}( \mathbb{R}^{n})\) into \(L^{q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) if and only if \(b\in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) with \(\nu =(\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{q})n\), where \(\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) is the Lipschitz space. Sheng and Liu [6] proved the boundedness of the commutator \([b,\mathcal{R}]\) from the Hardy space \(H_{L}^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) into \(L^{q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) when b belongs to a larger Lipschitz space. Comparatively, there has been much less research on the commutator on nilpotent Lie groups. The goal of this paper will be to obtain some estimates for the commutator related to the Schrödinger operator on nilpotent Lie groups. The complicated structure of nilpotent Lie group will bring some essential difficulties to our estimates in the following sections.
$$ \mathcal{R}=\nabla (-\Delta +W)^{-\frac{1}{2}}. $$
(5)
Note that a non-negative locally \(L^{q}\) integrable function W on G is said to belong to \(B_{q}\) (\(1< q<\infty\)) if there exists \(C>0\) such that the reverse Hölder inequality
holds for every ball B in G.
$$ \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} W(y)^{q} \,\mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{ \frac{1}{q}} \leq C \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} W(y) \,\mathrm{d}y \biggr) $$
(6)
We first introduce an auxiliary function as follows.
Definition 1
Let \(W\in B_{q}\) for some \(q \geq \frac{D}{2}\). For \(x\in G\), the function \(m(x, W)\) is defined by
$$ \frac{1}{m(x, W )}=\rho (x):=\sup_{r>0}\biggl\{ r\colon \frac{r^{2}}{V(r)} \int_{B(x,r)}W(y) \,\mathrm{d}y\leq 1\biggr\} . $$
Now we define the space \(\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)\) on the nilpotent Lie group.
Definition 2
Let \(\theta > 0\) and \(0<\nu <1\), the space \(\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)\) consists of the functions f satisfying
holds true for all \(x,y \in G\), \(x\neq y\). The norm on \(\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{ \theta }(G)\) is defined as follows:
$$ \bigl\vert f(x)-f(y) \bigr\vert \leq C d^{\nu }(x,y) \biggl(1+ \frac{d(x,y)}{\rho (x)}+\frac{d(x,y)}{ \rho (y)}\biggr)^{\theta } $$
$$ \Vert f \Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}\triangleq \sup_{x,y \in G, x \neq y} \biggl( \frac{\vert f(x)-f(y) \vert }{d^{\nu }(x,y)(1+\frac{d(x,y)}{ \rho (x)}+\frac{d(x,y)}{\rho (y)})^{\theta }} \biggr) < \infty . $$
It is easy to see that this space is exactly the Lipschitz space when \(\theta =0\) if G is a stratified Lie group (cf. [7] and [8]).
We also introduce the following maximal functions.
Definition 3
Let \(f \in L^{1}_{\mathrm{loc}}(G) \). For \(0 < \gamma < D\), the fractional maximal operator is defined by
where the supremum on the right-hand side is taken over all balls \(B \subseteq G\) and r is the radius of the ball B.
$$\begin{aligned} M_{\gamma }f(x)=\sup_{x\in B}\frac{r^{\gamma }}{\vert B\vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert f(y)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}y,\quad x\in G, \end{aligned}$$
Definition 4
Given \(\alpha >0\), the maximal functions for \(f \in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(G)\) and \(x\in G\) are defined by
and
where \(\mathscr{B}_{\rho ,\alpha }=\{B(y,r)\colon y\in G\mbox{ and }r \leq \alpha \rho (y)\}\).
$$ M_{\rho ,\alpha }f(x)=\sup_{x\in B\in \mathscr{B}}\frac{1}{\vert B\vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert f(y)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}y $$
$$ M_{\rho ,\alpha }^{\sharp }f(x)=\sup_{x\in B\in \mathscr{B}} \frac{1}{ \vert B\vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert f(y)-f_{B}\bigr\vert \, \mathrm{d}y, $$
We are in a position to give the main results in this paper.
Theorem 1
Assume
\(W \in B_{q_{1}}\)
for some
\(q_{1}\geq \frac{D}{2}\), where
D
denotes the dimension at infinity of the nilpotent Lie group G. Let
Denote the adjoint operator of
\(\mathcal{R}\)
by
\(\tilde{\mathcal{R}}=(- \Delta +W)^{-\frac{1}{2}}\nabla \). Then, for any
\(h \in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu } ^{\theta }(G)\), \(0<\nu <1\), the commutator
\([h,\tilde{\mathcal{R}}]\)
is bounded from
\(L^{q}(G)\)
into
\(L^{p}(G)\), \(\frac{1}{p}=\frac{1}{q}-\frac{ \nu }{D}\), if
\(q_{2}< p<\infty \).
$$ \frac{1}{q_{2}}= \textstyle\begin{cases} 1, & \textit{if } q_{1} \geq D, \\ 1-\frac{1}{q_{1}}+\frac{1}{D}, & \textit{if } \frac{D}{2}\leq q_{1}< D. \end{cases} $$
(7)
We immediately deduce Corollary 1 by duality.
Corollary 1
Assume
\(W \in B_{q_{1}}\)
for some
\(q_{1}\geq \frac{D}{2}\), where
D
denotes the dimension at infinity of the nilpotent Lie group G. Let
Then, for any
\(h \in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)\), \(0<\nu <1\), the commutator
\([h,\mathcal{R}]\)
is bounded from
\(L^{p}(G)\)
into
\(L^{q}(G)\), \(\frac{1}{p}=\frac{1}{q}-\frac{\nu }{D}\), if
\(1< p< q_{2} ^{\prime}\).
$$ \frac{1}{q_{2}}= \textstyle\begin{cases} 1, & \textit{if } q_{1} \geq D, \\ 1-\frac{1}{q_{1}}+\frac{1}{D}, & \textit{if } \frac{D}{2} \leq q_{1}< D. \end{cases} $$
Throughout this paper, unless otherwise indicated, C will be used to denote a positive constant that is not necessarily the same case at each occurrence and it depends at most on the constants in (3) and (6). We always denote \(\delta =2-\frac{D}{q_{1}}\). By \(A\sim B\), we mean that there exist constants \(C>0\) and \(c>0\) such that \(c\leq \frac{A}{B} \leq C\).
2 Estimates for the kernels of \(\mathcal{R}\) and \(\tilde{\mathcal{R}}\)
In this section we recall some estimates for the kernels of Riesz transform \(\mathcal{R}\) and the dual Riesz transform \(\tilde{\mathcal{R}}\), which have been proved in [3].
Lemma 1
\(W \in B_{q}\)
is a doubling measure, that is, there exists a constant
\(C>0\)
such that
$$ \int_{B(x,2r)}W(y)\,\mathrm{d}y \leq C \int_{B(x,r)} W(y)\,\mathrm{d}y. $$
Lemma 2
There exists
\(C>0\)
such that, for
\(0< r< R<\infty \),
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{r^{2}}{V(r)} \int_{B(x,r)}W(y) \,\mathrm{d}y\leq C \biggl( \frac{R}{r} \biggr) ^{\frac{D}{q}-2} \frac{r^{2}}{V(R)} \int _{B(x, R)}W(y)\,\mathrm{d}y. \end{aligned}$$
Lemma 3
If
\(r= \rho (x)\), then
Moreover,
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{r^{2}}{V(r)} \int_{B(x,r)}W(y)\,\mathrm{d}y=1. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{r^{2}}{V(r)} \int_{B(x, r)}W(y)\,\mathrm{d}y \sim 1 \quad \textit{if and only if}\quad r \sim \frac{1}{m(x,W)}. \end{aligned}$$
Lemma 4
There exist constants
\(C,l_{0}>0\)
such that
In particular, \(\rho (x) \sim \rho (y)\)
if
\(d(x,y)\le C\rho (x)\).
$$ \frac{1}{C} \biggl( 1+ \frac{d(x,y)}{\rho (x)} \biggr) ^{-\frac{l_{0}}{l _{0}+1}} \leq \frac{\rho (x)}{\rho (y)} \leq C \biggl( 1+ \frac{d(x,y)}{ \rho (x)} \biggr) ^{l_{0}}. $$
Lemma 5
There exist constants
\(C>0\)
and
\(l_{1}>0\)
such that
$$\begin{aligned} \int_{B(x, R)}\frac{d^{2}(x,y) W(y)}{V(d(x,y)) }\,\mathrm{d}y \leq \frac{CR^{2}}{V(R)} \int_{B(x, R)}W(y)\,\mathrm{d}y \leq C \biggl( 1+ \frac{R}{\rho (x)} \biggr) ^{l_{1}}. \end{aligned}$$
Using Lemma 4, we immediately have the following lemma.
Lemma 6
There exist
\(l_{0}>0\), \(C>0\)
such that, for any
x
and
y
in
G,
$$ 1+\frac{d(x,y)}{\rho (x)}+\frac{d(x,y)}{\rho (y)} \leq C \biggl( 1+\frac{d(x,y)}{ \rho (x)} \biggr) ^{l_{0}+1}. $$
Let \(\varGamma (x, y, \lambda )\) denote the fundamental solution for the operator \(-\Delta +W +\lambda \), namely, \([-\Delta +W +\lambda ] \varGamma (x, y, \lambda )=\delta (y^{-1}x)\), where δ is the Dirac function and \(\lambda \in [0,\infty )\). Markedly, \(\varGamma (x, y, \lambda ) = \varGamma (y, x, \lambda )\).
Lemma 7
Let
N
be a positive integer.
- (i)Suppose \(W\in B_{q_{1}}\) for some \(q_{1} \geq \frac{D}{2}\). Then there exists a constant \(C_{N} > 0\) such that, for \(x \neq y\),$$ \bigl\vert \varGamma (x, y, \lambda )\bigr\vert \leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+d(x,y) \lambda^{\frac{1}{2}})^{N} ( 1+d(x,y)/\rho (x) ) ^{N}} \frac{d(x,y)}{V(d(x,y))}. $$
- (ii)Suppose \(W\in B_{q_{1}}\) for some \(q_{1}\geq \frac{D}{2}\). Then there exists a constant \(C_{N} > 0\) such thatParticularly, if \(W \in B_{q_{1}}\) for some \(q_{1} \geq D\), then there exists \(C_{N} > 0\) such that, for \(x\neq y\),$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \nabla_{x}\varGamma (x, y, \lambda )\bigr\vert &\leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+d(x,y) \lambda^{\frac{1}{2}})^{N} ( 1+ d(x,y) /\rho (x) ) ^{N}} \\ &\quad \times \biggl( \frac{d^{2}(x,y)}{V(d(x,y))} \int _{B(y,d(x,y) )}\frac{W(z)d(z,y)\,\mathrm{d}z}{V(d(z,y))}+ \frac{d(x,y)}{V(d(x,y))} \biggr) . \end{aligned}$$$$ \bigl\vert \nabla_{x}\varGamma (x, y, \lambda )\bigr\vert \leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+d(x,y) \lambda^{\frac{1}{2}})^{N} ( 1+d(x,y) /\rho (x) ) ^{N}}\frac{d ^{2}(x,y)}{V(d(x,y))}. $$
By the functional calculus, we may write
Let \(f \in C_{0}^{\infty }(G)\). From \((-\Delta +W+\lambda )^{-1}f(x)= \int_{G}\varGamma (x,y,\lambda )f(y)\,\mathrm{d}y\), it follows that
where
Similarly, the adjoint operator of \(\mathcal{R}\) is defined to be
where
$$ (-\Delta +W)^{-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{\pi } \int^{\infty }_{0} \lambda^{-\frac{1}{2}}(-\Delta +W+ \lambda )^{-1}\,\mathrm{d}\lambda . $$
(8)
$$ \mathcal{R}f(x)= \int_{G}\mathcal{K}(x,y)f(y)\,\mathrm{d}y, $$
(9)
$$ \mathcal{K}(x,y)=\frac{1}{\pi } \int^{\infty }_{0}\lambda^{- \frac{1}{2}} \nabla_{x}\varGamma (x,y,\lambda )\,\mathrm{d}\lambda . $$
(10)
$$ \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(x)= \int_{G}\tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x,y)f(y)\,\mathrm{d}y, $$
(11)
$$ \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x,y)=\frac{1}{\pi }{ \int^{\infty }_{0} \lambda^{-\frac{1}{2}} \nabla_{y}\varGamma (y,x,\lambda )\,\mathrm{d} \lambda }. $$
(12)
We recall estimates of the kernels for \(\mathcal{R}\) and \(\tilde{\mathcal{R}}\) (cf. [3]).
Lemma 8
Suppose
\(W \in B_{q_{1}}\)
for some
\(\frac{D}{2} \leq q_{1} < D \). For any integer
\(N>0\), there exists
\(C_{N}>0\)
such that
and
for some
\(\delta >0\)
and
\(0< d(y,y^{\prime})<\frac{d(x,y)}{16}\). If
\(W \in B_{q_{1}}\)
for some
\(q_{1}\geq D\), then
and
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \mathcal{K}(x,y)\bigr\vert &\leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+ d(x,y)/\rho (x))^{N}} \biggl( \frac{d(x,y)}{V(d(x,y))} \int_{B(y,d(x,y) )}\frac{W(z)d(z,y)\,\mathrm{d}z}{V(d(z,y))} \\ &\quad{} + \frac{1}{V(d(x,y))} \biggr) \end{aligned}$$
(13)
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \mathcal{K}\bigl(x,y^{\prime}\bigr)-\mathcal{K}(x,y)\bigr\vert &\leq \frac{C_{N}d ^{\delta }(y,y^{\prime})}{(1+ d(x,y)/\rho (x))^{N}} \frac{d^{1-\delta }(x,y)}{V(d(x,y))} \biggl( \int_{B(y,d(x,y) )}\frac{W(z)d(z,y) \,\mathrm{d}z}{V(d(z,y))} \\ &\quad {}+\frac{1}{d(x,y)} \biggr) \end{aligned}$$
(14)
$$ \bigl\vert \mathcal{K}(x,y)\bigr\vert \leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+d(x,y)/\rho (x))^{N}} \frac{1}{V(d(x,y))} $$
(15)
$$ \bigl\vert \mathcal{K}\bigl(x,y^{\prime}\bigr)- \mathcal{K}(x,y)\bigr\vert \leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+ d(x,y)/\rho (x))^{N}} \frac{d^{\delta }(y,y^{\prime})}{V(d(x,y))d ^{\delta }(x,y)}. $$
(16)
Lemma 9
Suppose
\(W \in B_{q_{1}}\)
for some
\(\frac{D}{2} \leq q_{1} < D \). For any integer
\(N>0\), there exists
\(C_{N}>0\)
such that
and
for some
\(\delta >0\)
and
\(0< d(x,x^{\prime})<\frac{d(x,y)}{16}\). If
\(W \in B_{q_{1}}\)
for some
\(q_{1}\geq D\), then
and
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x,y)\bigr\vert &\leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+ d(x,y)/ \rho (x))^{N}} \biggl( \frac{d(x,y)}{V(d(x,y))}\int_{B(y,d(x,y))}\frac{W(z)d(z,y) \,\mathrm{d}z}{V(d(z,y))} \\ &\quad {}+\frac{1}{V(d(x,y))} \biggr) \end{aligned}$$
(17)
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{K}}\bigl(x^{\prime},y\bigr)- \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x,y)\bigr\vert &\leq \frac{C_{N}d^{\delta }(x,x^{\prime})}{(1+ d(x,y)/\rho (x))^{N}} \frac{d ^{1-\delta }(x,y)}{V(d(x,y))} \biggl( \int_{B(y,d(x,y) )}\frac{W(z)d(z,y) \,\mathrm{d}z}{V(d(z,y))} \\ &\quad {}+\frac{1}{d(x,y)} \biggr) \end{aligned}$$
(18)
$$ \bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x,y)\bigr\vert \leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+d(x,y)/ \rho (x))^{N}}\frac{1}{V(d(x,y))} $$
(19)
$$ \bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{K}}\bigl(x^{\prime},y\bigr)- \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x,y)\bigr\vert \leq \frac{C_{N}}{(1+ d(x,y)/\rho (x))^{N}} \frac{d^{\delta }(x,x^{\prime})}{V(d(x,y))d ^{\delta }(x,y)}. $$
(20)
3 Some technical lemmas and propositions
Proposition 1
Let
\(\theta > 0\)
and
\(1 \leq s <\infty \). If
\(h \in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{ \theta }(G)\), then there exists a positive constant
C
such that, for all
\(B = B(x, r)\)
with
\(x\in G\)
and
\(r > 0\),
$$ \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B\vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert h(y)-h_{B}\bigr\vert ^{s} \,\mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{1/s}\leq C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip} _{\nu } ^{\theta }(G)}r^{\nu } \biggl( 1+\frac{r}{\rho (x)} \biggr) ^{(l_{0}+1)\theta }. $$
Proof
Since \(h \in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)\), then
where we have used Lemma 6 in the penultimate inequality. □
$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B(x,r)\vert } \int_{ B(x,r)}\bigl\vert h(y)-h _{B}\bigr\vert ^{s} \,\mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{s}} \\ &\quad \leq \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B(x,r)\vert } \int_{ B(x,r)} \bigl\vert h(y)-h(x)\bigr\vert ^{s} \,\mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{s}}+ \biggl( \frac{1}{ \vert B(x,r)\vert } \int_{ B(x,r)}\bigl\vert h(x)-h_{B}\bigr\vert ^{s} \,\mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{s}} \\ &\quad \leq 2C \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B(x,r)\vert } \int_{ B(x,r)} \biggl\vert \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip} _{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}d^{\nu }(x,y) \biggl( 1+\frac{d(x,y)}{ \rho (x)}+\frac{d(x,y)}{\rho (y)} \biggr) ^{\theta }\biggr\vert ^{s} \, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{s}} \\ &\quad \leq C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}r^{\nu } \biggl( 1+ \frac{r}{ \rho (x)}+\frac{r}{\rho (y)} \biggr) ^{\theta } \\ &\quad \leq C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip} _{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}r^{\nu } \biggl( 1+ \frac{r}{ \rho (x)} \biggr) ^{ ( l_{0}+1 ) \theta }, \end{aligned}$$
Similar to the proof of Proposition 1, we immediately get the following.
Lemma 10
Let
\(h \in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)\), \(B = B(x, r)\)
and
\(s \geq 1\). Then there exists a positive constant
C
such that, for all
\(k\in N\),
$$ \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert 2^{k}B\vert } \int_{2^{k}B}\bigl\vert h(y)-h _{B}\bigr\vert ^{s} \,\mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{s}}\leq C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}2^{k\nu }r^{\nu } \biggl( 1+\frac{2^{k}r}{ \rho (x)} \biggr) ^{ ( l_{0}+1 ) \theta }. $$
Proposition 2
Let
\(W\in B_{q_{1}}\)
for
\(q_{1} \geq \frac{D}{2}\). Let
Then there exists
\(C>0\)
such that, for any
\(f \in C_{0}^{\infty }(G)\),
where
\(1< p< q'_{2}\).
$$ \frac{1}{q_{2}}= \textstyle\begin{cases} 1, & \textit{if } q_{1}\geq D, \\ 1 - \frac{1}{q_{1}}+\frac{1}{D}, & \textit{if } \frac{D}{2}\leq q_{1}< D. \end{cases} $$
$$ \bigl\Vert \mathcal{R}f(x)\bigr\Vert _{L^{p}(G)} \leq C \Vert f \Vert _{L^{p}(G)}, $$
Proposition 3
Let
\(W\in B_{q_{1}}\)
for
\(q_{1} \geq \frac{D}{2}\). Let
Then there exists
\(C>0\)
such that, for any
\(f \in C_{0}^{\infty }(G)\),
where
\(q_{2}< p<\infty \).
$$ \frac{1}{q_{2}}= \textstyle\begin{cases} 1,& \textit{if } q_{1}\geq D, \\ 1 - \frac{1}{q_{1}}+\frac{1}{D},&\textit{if } \frac{D}{2}\leq q_{1}< D. \end{cases} $$
$$ \bigl\Vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(x)\bigr\Vert _{L^{p}(G)} \leq C \Vert f\Vert _{L^{p}(G)}, $$
For the proofs of Proposition 2 and Proposition 3, one can refer to [3].
Proposition 4
There exists a sequence of points
\(\{x_{k}\}_{k=1}^{\infty }\)
in
G, so that the set of critical balls
\(Q_{k} = B(x_{k}, \rho (x_{k}))\), \(k \geq 1\), satisfies
- (i)
\(\bigcup_{k} Q_{k} = G\);
- (ii)
There exists N such that, for every \(k\in N\), \(\sharp \{j\colon 4Q_{j}\cap 4Q_{k}\neq \varnothing \}\leq N\).
Proposition 5
For
\(1 < p < \infty \), there exist positive constants
C, α
and
β
such that if
\(\{Q_{k}\}_{k=1}^{\infty }\)
is a sequence of balls as in Proposition
4, then
for all
\(f\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(G)\).
$$ \int_{G}\bigl\vert M_{\rho ,\alpha }f(x)\bigr\vert ^{p}\,\mathrm{d}x \leq C \int_{G}\bigl\vert M_{\rho ,\beta }^{\sharp }f(x) \bigr\vert ^{p}\,\mathrm{d}x+C\sum_{k} \vert Q_{k}\vert \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q _{k}\vert } \int_{2Q_{k}}\bigl\vert f(x)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{p} $$
The above propositions have been proved in [9] and [10] in the case of a homogeneous space, respectively.
Lemma 11
Let
\(W\in B_{q_{1}}\)
for
\(q_{1} \geq \frac{D}{2}\), and let
and
\(h\in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)\). Then, for
\(q_{2}< m<\infty \), there exists a positive constant
C
such that
holds true for all
\(f\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{m}(G)\)
and every ball
\(Q=B(x_{0}, \rho (x_{0}))\), where
\(M_{m\nu }\)
is a fractional maximal operator.
$$ \frac{1}{q_{2}}= \textstyle\begin{cases} 1,& \textit{if }q_{1}\geq D, \\ 1 - \frac{1}{q_{1}}+\frac{1}{D}, & \textit{if }\frac{D}{2}\leq q_{1}< D \end{cases} $$
$$ \frac{1}{\vert Q\vert } \int_{Q}\bigl\vert [h, \tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f(x)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}x\leq C\Vert h \Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu } ^{\theta }(G)}\inf_{y\in Q} \bigl\{ M_{m\nu }\bigl(\vert f\vert ^{m}\bigr) (y)\bigr\} ^{ \frac{1}{m}} $$
Proof
Throughout the proof of the lemma, we always assume \(\frac{D}{2}\leq q_{1}< D\). Let \(f\in L^{p}(G)\) and \(Q=B(x_{0},\rho (x _{0}))\). For
we need to consider the average on Q for each term. By the Hölder inequality with \(m>q_{2}\) and Proposition 1,
If we write \(f = f_{1} + f_{2}\) with \(f_{1} = f_{\chi_{2Q}}\), due to Proposition 3, we get
for \(x\in Q\), and using (17) in Lemma 9, we split \(\tilde{\mathcal{R}}f_{2}(x)\) into two parts
where
and
$$ [h,\tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f=(h-h_{Q})\tilde{ \mathcal{R}}f- \tilde{\mathcal{R}}\bigl((h-h_{Q})f\bigr), $$
(21)
$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{\vert Q\vert } \int_{Q}\bigl\vert (h-h_{Q}) \tilde{ \mathcal{R}}f(x)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}x &\leq \biggl( \frac{1}{ \vert Q\vert } \int_{Q}\bigl\vert \bigl( h(x)-h_{Q} \bigr) \bigr\vert ^{m^{\prime}} \,\mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/m^{\prime}} \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q\vert } \int_{Q}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(x)\bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/m} \\ &\leq C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \bigl( \rho (x_{0}) \bigr) ^{ \nu } \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q\vert } \int_{Q}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(x)\bigr\vert ^{m}\,\mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/m}. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl(\rho (x_{0})\bigr)^{\nu } \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q\vert } \int_{Q} \bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f_{1}(x) \bigr\vert ^{m}\,\mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/m} &\leq C\bigl( \rho (x_{0})\bigr)^{\nu } \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert 2Q\vert } \int_{2Q}\bigl\vert f(x)\bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/m} \\ & \leq C \inf_{y\in Q} \bigl\{ M_{m\nu }\bigl(\vert f \vert ^{m}\bigr) (y) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}} \end{aligned}$$
(22)
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f_{2}(x)\bigr\vert &=\biggl\vert \int _{d(x_{0},z) >2\rho (x_{0})}\tilde{\mathcal{\mathcal{K}}}(x,z)f(z) \,\mathrm{d}z \biggr\vert \leq C\bigl\{ I_{1}(x)+I_{2}(x)\bigr\} , \end{aligned}$$
$$ I_{1}(x)= \int_{ d(x_{0},z) >2\rho (x_{0})}\frac{\vert f(z)\vert }{V(d(x,z))(1+d(x,z) / \rho (x))^{N}} \,\mathrm{d}z $$
$$ I_{2}(x)= \int_{ d(x_{0},z) >2\rho (x_{0})}\frac{d(x,z)\vert f(z)\vert }{V(d(x,z))(1+d(x,z) / \rho (x))^{N}} \int _{B(z,\frac{d(x,z)}{4})}\frac{d(u,z)W(u)}{V(d(u,z))} \, \mathrm{d}u \,\mathrm{d}z. $$
To deal with \(I_{1}(x)\), noting that \(\rho (x) \sim \rho (x_{0})\) and \(d(z,x) \sim d(z,x_{0})\), we split \(d(z,x_{0})>2 \rho (x_{0})\) into annuli to obtain
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl( \rho (x_{0}) \bigr) ^{\nu }I_{1}(x) &= \bigl( \rho (x_{0}) \bigr) ^{\nu } \int_{ d(x_{0},z) >2\rho (x_{0})}\frac{\vert f(z)\vert }{V(d(x,z))(1+d(x,z) / \rho (x))^{N}} \,\mathrm{d}z \\ & \leq C \sum_{k \geq 1}\frac{2^{-Nk} ( \rho (x_{0}) ) ^{ \nu }}{V(2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))} \int_{d(x_{0},z) < 2^{k}\rho (x _{0})} \bigl\vert f(z)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}z \\ & \leq C \inf_{y\in Q} \bigl\{ M_{m\nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}}. \end{aligned}$$
(23)
Secondly, we consider the term \(I_{2}(x)\). We have, for \(x \in Q\),
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl( \rho (x_{0}) \bigr) ^{\nu }I_{2}(x) &= \bigl( \rho (x_{0}) \bigr) ^{\nu } \int_{ d(x_{0},z) >2\rho (x_{0})}\frac{d(x,z)\vert f(z)\vert }{V(d(x,z))(1+d(x,z) / \rho (x))^{N}} \\ &\quad {}\times\int _{B(z,\frac{d(x,z)}{4})}\frac{d(u,z)W(u)}{V(d(u,z))} \, \mathrm{d}u \,\mathrm{d}z \\ & \leq C \bigl( \rho (x_{0}) \bigr) ^{\nu } \int _{ d(x_{0},z) >2\rho (x_{0})}\frac{d(x,z)\vert f(z)\vert }{V(d(x,z))(1+d(x,z) / \rho (x))^{N}} \\ &\quad {}\times \int_{B(z,4d(x_{0},z))} \frac{d(u,z)W(u)}{V(d(u,z))} \,\mathrm{d}u \,\mathrm{d}z \\ & \leq C \bigl( \rho (x_{0}) \bigr) ^{\nu } \sum _{k \geq 1}\frac{2^{-Nk}2^{k} \rho (x_{0})}{V(2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))} \int _{d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}\rho (x_{0})} \bigl\vert f(z)\bigr\vert \\ &\quad {}\times \int _{B(z,2^{k+3}d(x_{0},z))}\frac{d(u,z)W(u)}{V(d(u,z))} \, \mathrm{d}u \,\mathrm{d}z \\ & \leq C \bigl( \rho (x_{0}) \bigr) ^{\nu } \sum _{k \geq 1}\frac{2^{-Nk}2^{k} \rho (x_{0})}{V(2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))} \\ &\quad {}\times \int _{d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}\rho (x_{0})} \bigl\vert f(z)\bigr\vert \mathcal{I}_{1}(W_{\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}}) (z) \, \mathrm{d} z. \end{aligned}$$
Let \(q_{2}< m< D\). Using the Hölder inequality and the boundedness of the fractional integral \(\mathcal{I}_{1} \colon L^{m'} \mapsto L^{q _{1}}\) with
where
(cf. Theorem 1.6 in [11]), we obtain
$$ \frac{1}{q_{1}}= \frac{1}{m^{\prime}}-\frac{1}{\beta }, $$
$$ \beta = \textstyle\begin{cases} d, & \textit{if } 2^{k}\rho (x_{0})< 1, \\ D, & \textit{if } 2^{k}\rho (x_{0}) \geq 1 \end{cases} $$
$$\begin{aligned} &\int_{d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}\rho (x_{0})} \bigl\vert f(z)\bigr\vert \mathcal{I}_{1}(W \chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}) (z) \,\mathrm{d}z \\ &\quad \leq \Vert f\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}\Vert _{m}\bigl\Vert \mathcal{I} _{1}(W\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}) \bigr\Vert _{m^{\prime}} \\ &\quad \leq \Vert f\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}\Vert _{m}\Vert W \chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}\Vert _{q_{1}}. \end{aligned}$$
Since \(W\in B_{q_{1}}\), we obtain
where in the last two inequalities we have used doubling measure and the definition of ρ, respectively. Therefore,
$$\begin{aligned} \Vert W\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}\Vert _{q_{1}} &\leq C \bigl(V \bigl(2^{k}\rho (x_{0})\bigr) \bigr)^{-\frac{1}{q_{1}^{\prime}}} \int_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))} W \\ &\leq C\bigl(2^{k}\rho (x_{0})\bigr)^{-2} \bigl(V\bigl(2^{k}\rho (x_{0})\bigr) \bigr)^{1-\frac{1}{q _{1}^{\prime}}} \frac{(2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))^{2}}{V(2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))} \int_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))} W \\ &\leq C\bigl(2^{k}\bigr)^{l_{1}-2} \bigl(V\bigl(2^{k} \rho (x_{0})\bigr) \bigr)^{1-\frac{1}{q _{1}^{\prime}}}\bigl(\rho (x_{0}) \bigr)^{-2}, \end{aligned}$$
$$ I_{2}(x)\leq V\bigl(\rho (x_{0})\bigr)^{-1/q_{1}^{\prime}-1}\sum _{k\geq 1}2^{k(-N+l _{1}-1-d/q_{1}^{\prime})}\Vert f\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))} \Vert _{m}. $$
Finally, observing that
and using that \(\frac{1}{q_{1}^{\prime}}-\frac{1}{m}= \frac{1}{D}\) or \(\frac{1}{d}\), we have
by choosing N large enough.
$$ \Vert f\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}\Vert _{m}\leq \bigl(V \bigl(2^{k} \rho (x_{0})\bigr)\bigr)^{\frac{1}{m}}\inf _{y\in Q}M_{m}f(y) $$
$$ \bigl(\rho (x_{0})\bigr)^{\nu }I_{2}(x)\leq C\inf _{y\in Q}\bigl\{ M_{m\nu }\bigl(\vert f\vert ^{m}\bigr) (y)\bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}} $$
So far, we have solved the term \((h-h_{Q})\mathcal{R}f\), now we want to control \(\int \mathcal{R}[(h-h_{Q})f]\,\mathrm{d}x\) by the term \(C \inf_{y\in Q}\{M_{m\nu }(\vert f \vert ^{m})(y)\}^{\frac{1}{m}}\). We still split \(f=f_{1}+f_{2}\). Choose \(q_{2}<\tilde{m}<m\) and set \(t=\frac{\tilde{m}m}{m-\tilde{m}}\). Using the boundedness of \(\tilde{\mathcal{R}}\) on \(L^{\tilde{m}}(G)\) and the Hölder inequality, we get
where we have applied Proposition 1 to the last but one inequality. Similarly, for \(x\in Q\) and using (17) in Lemma 9, we have
where
and
$$\begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{\vert Q\vert } \int_{Q}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}(h-h _{Q})f_{1}(x)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}x \\ &\quad \leq \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q\vert } \int_{Q}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}(h-h_{Q})f_{1}(x) \bigr\vert ^{\tilde{m}} \,\mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/\tilde{m}} \\ & \quad \leq C \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q\vert } \int_{Q}\bigl\vert (h-h _{Q})f(x)\bigr\vert ^{\tilde{m}} \,\mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/\tilde{m}} \\ &\quad \leq C \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q \vert } \int_{2Q}\bigl\vert f(x)\bigr\vert ^{m} \, \mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/m} \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q \vert } \int_{2Q}\bigl\vert h(x)-h _{Q}\bigr\vert ^{t}\,\mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/t} \\ &\quad \leq C \biggl( \frac{(\rho (x_{0}))^{m\nu }}{\vert Q \vert } \int_{2Q} \bigl\vert f(x)\bigr\vert ^{m} \, \mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{1/m} \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip} _{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \biggl( 1+ \frac{\rho (x_{0})}{\rho (x_{0})} \biggr) ^{(l_{0}+1)\theta } \\ & \quad \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}\inf_{y\in Q} \bigl\{ M_{m\nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{ \frac{1}{m}}, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\vert \tilde{R}(h-h_{Q})f_{2}(x) \bigr\vert &= \biggl\vert \int _{d(x_{0},z)>2\rho (x_{0})} \tilde{\mathcal{\mathcal{K}}}(x,z) \bigl(h(z)-h _{Q}\bigr)f(z)\,\mathrm{d}z\biggr\vert \leq C \bigl\{ \tilde{I}_{1}(x)+\tilde{I}_{2}(x) \bigr\} , \end{aligned}$$
$$ \tilde{I}_{1}(x)= \int_{ d(x_{0},z) >2\rho (x_{0})}\frac{\vert (h-h_{Q})f(z)\vert }{V(d(x,z))(1+d(x,z) / \rho (x))^{N}} \, \mathrm{d}z $$
$$ \tilde{I}_{2}(x)= \int_{ d(x_{0},z) >2\rho (x_{0})}\frac{\vert (h-h_{Q})f(z)\vert }{V(d(x,z))(1+d(x,z) / \rho (x))^{N}} \int _{B(z,\frac{d(x,z)}{4})}\frac{d(u,z)W(u)}{V(d(u,z))} \, \mathrm{d}u \,\mathrm{d}z. $$
We start by observing that for \(1\leq \tilde{m}< m\), \(t= \frac{\tilde{m}m}{m- \tilde{m}}\), and by Lemma 6,
For \(\tilde{I}_{1}(x)\), using (24) with \(\tilde{m}=1\), we have
if we choose N sufficiently large.
$$\begin{aligned} &\bigl\Vert \bigl[(h-h_{Q})f\bigr] { \chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}}\bigr\Vert _{ \tilde{m}} \\ & \quad \leq \Vert f_{\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}}\Vert _{m}\bigl\Vert (h-h _{Q}){\chi_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}}\bigr\Vert _{t} \\ & \quad \leq C \biggl( \int_{B(x_{0},2^{k}\rho (x_{0}))}\bigl\vert f(y)\bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{1/m} \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \bigl(2^{k}\rho (x_{0})\bigr)^{ \nu } \bigl(1+2^{k}\bigr)^{(l_{0}+1)\theta }V^{1/t}\bigl(2^{k} \rho (x_{0})\bigr) \\ & \quad \leq C 2^{k(l_{0}+1)\theta }V^{1/\tilde{m}}\bigl(2^{k}\rho (x_{0})\bigr)\Vert h \Vert _{\operatorname{Lip} _{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}\inf _{y\in Q} \bigl\{ M_{m\nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}}. \end{aligned}$$
(24)
$$\begin{aligned} \tilde{I}_{1}(x) & \leq C\sum_{k \geq 1} \frac{2^{-Nk}}{V(2^{k}\rho (x _{0}))} \int_{d(x_{0},z)>2^{k}\rho (x_{0})}\bigl\vert h(z)-h_{Q}\bigr\vert \bigl\vert f(z) \bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}z \\ & \leq C \Vert h \Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}\inf_{y\in Q} \bigl\{ M_{m \nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}} \sum_{k \geq 1}2^{k(-N+(l_{0}+1)\theta )} \\ & \leq C \Vert h \Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}\inf_{y\in Q} \bigl\{ M_{m \nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}} \end{aligned}$$
To deal with \(\tilde{I}_{2}(x)\), we discuss as in the estimate for \(I_{2}(x)\) with \((h-h_{Q})f\) instead of f and m̃ and \(\tilde{q_{1}}\) instead of m and \(q_{1}\), but we cannot avoid to discuss the different cases where \(2^{k}\rho (x_{0}) \geq 1\) and \(2^{k}\rho (x_{0})< 1\). Let
Using (24), we similarly have
where we choose N large enough to ensure the above series converges. □
$$ \frac{1}{\tilde{m}}= \textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{1}{\tilde{q_{1}}}-\frac{1}{d}, & \textit{if } 2^{k}\rho (x_{0})< 1, \\ \frac{1}{\tilde{q_{1}}}-\frac{1}{D}, & \textit{if } 2^{k}\rho (x_{0}) \geq 1. \end{cases} $$
$$\begin{aligned} \tilde{I}_{2}(x) \leq C \Vert h \Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}\inf _{y\in Q} \bigl\{ M_{m\nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{ \frac{1}{m}}, \end{aligned}$$
Lemma 12
Let
\(\tilde{\mathcal{R}}=(-\Delta +W)^{-\frac{1}{2}}\nabla \)
be the adjoint operator of the Riesz transform
\(\mathcal{R}\). Then there exists
\(C>0\)
such that, for any
\(f\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{m}(G)\)
and
\(h \in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu } ^{\theta }(G)\),
$$ M_{\rho ,\alpha }^{\sharp }\bigl([h,\tilde{R}]f\bigr) (x) \leq C \Vert h \Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{ \nu }^{\theta }(G)}\bigl( \bigl\{ M_{m\nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}}+\bigl\{ M_{m\nu}\bigl(| \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f| ^{m}\bigr)(x)\bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}}\bigr). $$
(25)
Proof
Let \(f\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{m}(G)\), \(x\in G\) and a ball \(B=B(x_{0},r)\) with \(x\in B\) and \(r<\epsilon \rho (x_{0})\), \(\epsilon >0\), we need to control \(J=\frac{1}{\vert B \vert }\int_{B}\vert [h,\tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f(y)-c \vert \,\mathrm{d}y\) by the right-hand side of (25) for some constant c, which will be designated later. Let \(f=f_{1}+f_{2}\), where \(f_{1}=f_{\chi_{2B}}\) and \(f_{2}=f-f_{1}\). Then
Take \(c=\int_{d(x_{0},z)\geq 2r}\tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x_{0},z)(h(z)-h _{2B})f(z)\,\mathrm{d}z\). Then we have
At first, we consider \(J_{1}\). Note that \(d(x,x_{0})\leq r<\epsilon \rho (x_{0})\) implies \(\rho (x)\sim \rho (x_{0})\). By the Hölder inequality, Proposition 1 and Proposition 3, we have
for \(m>q_{2}\).
$$\begin{aligned}{} [h,\tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f &=[h-h_{2B},\tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f \\ &=(h-h_{2B}) \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f-\tilde{\mathcal{R}}(h-h_{2B})f_{1}- \tilde{\mathcal{R}}(h-h_{2B})f_{2} \\ & \doteq A_{1}f+A_{2}f+A_{3}f. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} J & \leq \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert A_{1}f(y)\bigr\vert \, \mathrm{d}y + \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert A_{2}f(y)\bigr\vert \, \mathrm{d}y+ \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert A_{3}f(y)-c\bigr\vert \, \mathrm{d}y \\ & \doteq J_{1}+J_{2}+J_{3}. \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} J_{1} &= \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert A_{1}f(y)\bigr\vert \, \mathrm{d}y \\ &= \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert \bigl(h(y)-h_{2B}\bigr) \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(y)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}y \\ &\leq \frac{C}{\vert B \vert } \biggl[ \int_{B}\bigl\vert h(y)-h_{2B} \bigr\vert ^{\frac{m}{m-1}} \,\mathrm{d}y \biggr] ^{\frac{m-1}{m}} \biggl[ \int_{B}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\,\mathrm{d}y \biggr] ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ &\leq \frac{C}{\vert B \vert } \biggl[ \int_{2B}\bigl\vert h(y)-h_{2B} \bigr\vert ^{ \frac{m}{m-1}}\,\mathrm{d}y \biggr] ^{\frac{m-1}{m}} \biggl[ \int _{B}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\,\mathrm{d}y \biggr] ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ &\leq \frac{C}{\vert B \vert }\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \biggl( 1+ \frac{2r}{ \rho (x_{0})} \biggr) ^{(l_{0}+1)\theta } r^{\nu }\vert B\vert ^{ \frac{m-1}{m}} \biggl[ \int_{B}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr] ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ &\leq \frac{C}{\vert B \vert }\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \biggl( 1+ \frac{2 \epsilon \rho (x_{0})}{\rho (x_{0})} \biggr) ^{(l_{0}+1)\theta } r^{ \nu }\vert B\vert ^{\frac{m-1}{m}} \biggl[ \int_{B}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}}f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\,\mathrm{d}y \biggr] ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ &\leq C^{\prime} \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \biggl( \frac{r ^{m\nu }}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}} f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m} \, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{ \frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C^{\prime} \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \bigl\{ M_{m \nu } \bigl( \vert \tilde{\mathcal{R}} f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( x ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}} \end{aligned}$$
For \(J_{2}\), by the Hölder inequality and Proposition 3,
where \(q_{2}<\tilde{m}<m\).
$$\begin{aligned} J_{2} &\leq \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} \bigl\vert A_{2}f(y) \bigr\vert \, \mathrm{d}y \\ & \leq \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} \bigl\vert A_{2}f(y) \bigr\vert ^{\tilde{m}}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{\tilde{m}}} \\ & \leq C \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{\tilde{m}}} \biggl( \int_{2B}\bigl\vert \bigl(h(y)-h_{2B}\bigr)f(y) \bigr\vert ^{\tilde{m}}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{\tilde{m}}} \\ & \leq \frac{C}{\vert B \vert ^{\frac{1}{\tilde{m}}}} \biggl( \int_{2B} \bigl\vert h(y)-h_{2B}\bigr\vert ^{\frac{m\tilde{m}}{m-\tilde{m}}} \, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{\tilde{m}}-\frac{1}{m}} \biggl( \int _{2B}\bigl\vert f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}r^{\nu } \biggl( 1+ \frac{2r}{ \rho (x_{0})} \biggr) ^{(l_{0}+1)\theta } \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m}} \biggl( \int_{2B}\bigl\vert f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}r^{\nu } \biggl( 1+ \frac{2 \epsilon \rho (x_{0})}{\rho (x_{0})} \biggr) ^{(l_{0}+1)\theta } \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m}} \biggl( \int_{2B}\bigl\vert f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C^{\prime} \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \biggl( \frac{r ^{m\nu }}{\vert B \vert } \int_{2B}\bigl\vert f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{ \frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C^{\prime} \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \biggl( \frac{(2r)^{m \nu }}{\vert 2B \vert } \int_{2B}\bigl\vert f(y) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}y \biggr) ^{ \frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C^{\prime} \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \bigl\{ M_{m \nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}}, \end{aligned}$$
Finally, we consider \(J_{3}\).
Case of
\(q_{1} \geq D\): By Lemmas 9 and 6, we have
where \(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{m^{\prime}}+\frac{1}{s}=1\) and \(\frac{1}{s^{\prime}}+\frac{1}{s}=1\). Therefore, via the Hölder inequality,
if we choose N sufficiently large.
$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl( \int_{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(y,z)- \tilde{ \mathcal{K}}(x_{0},z)\bigr\vert ^{m^{\prime}}\,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m ^{\prime}}} \biggl( \int_{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert h(z)-h _{2B}\bigr\vert ^{s^{\prime}}\,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{s^{\prime}}} \\ & \leq \frac{C_{N}r^{\delta }}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N}} \biggl( \int_{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\frac{1}{d ^{m^{\prime}\delta }(x_{0},z)V^{m^{\prime}}(d(x_{0},z))}\,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m^{\prime}}} \\ & \quad \times \biggl( \int_{d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert h(z)-h _{2B}\bigr\vert ^{s^{\prime}}\,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{s^{\prime}}} \\ & \leq \frac{C_{N}}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N}}\frac{r ^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{\delta }V^{(m^{\prime}-1)/m}(2^{k}r)} \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}2^{k\nu }r^{\nu } \biggl( 1+\frac{2^{k}r}{ \rho (x_{0})} \biggr) ^{(l_{0}+1)\theta } V^{\frac{1}{s}}\bigl(2^{k}r\bigr) \\ & \leq \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}2^{k\nu }r^{\nu } \frac{C _{N}}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \frac{r ^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{\delta }V^{1/m}(2^{k}r)}, \end{aligned}$$
(26)
$$\begin{aligned} J_{3} &= \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} \bigl\vert A_{3}f(y)-c \bigr\vert \, \mathrm{d}y \\ & \leq \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} \biggl\vert \int_{d(x_{0},z)>2r} \bigl(\tilde{\mathcal{K}}(y,z)-\tilde{ \mathcal{K}}(x_{0},z)\bigr) \bigl(h(z)-h_{2Q}\bigr)f(z) \, \mathrm{d}z\biggr\vert \,\mathrm{d}y \\ & \leq \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty } \int _{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r} \bigl\vert \bigl(\tilde{\mathcal{K}}(y,z)- \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x_{0},z)\bigr) \bigl(h(z)-h_{2Q} \bigr)f(z)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}z\, \mathrm{d}y \\ & \leq \frac{\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}}{\vert B \vert } \int _{B} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty }2^{k\nu }r^{\nu } \frac{C}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/ \rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \frac{r^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{ \delta }V^{\frac{1}{m}-\frac{1}{s}}(2^{k}r)} \\ & \quad \times \biggl( \int_{d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert f(z) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \sum_{k=1}^{ \infty } \frac{C_{N}}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-(l_{0}+1) \theta }} \frac{r^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{\delta }V^{1/m}(2^{k}r)}\frac{(2^{k}r)^{ \nu }}{(2^{k+1}r)^{\nu }}V^{\frac{1}{m}} \bigl(2^{k+1}r\bigr) \\ & \quad \times \biggl( \frac{(2^{k+1}r)^{m\nu }}{V(2^{k+1}r)} \int _{d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert f(z) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{ \frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \sum_{k=1}^{ \infty }2^{-k\delta } \frac{C_{N}}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \bigl\{ M_{m\nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \bigl\{ M_{m \nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}} \end{aligned}$$
Case of
\(\frac{D}{2} \leq q_{1} < D\): By Lemmas 9 and 6, we have
where \(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{t}=1\) and \(\frac{1}{q_{1}}= \frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{D}\). Therefore, for \(m>q_{2}\),
if we choose N sufficiently large. □
$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl( \int_{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(y,z)- \tilde{ \mathcal{K}}(x_{0},z)\bigr\vert ^{p}\,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{ \frac{1}{p}} \biggl( \int_{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert h(z)-h _{2B}\bigr\vert ^{t}\,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{t}} \\ & \quad \leq \frac{C_{N}r^{\delta }(2^{k}r)^{1-\delta }}{V(2^{k}r) ( 1+2^{k}r/ \rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N}} \biggl( \int _{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\biggl\vert \int_{B(z,2^{k+3}r)} \frac{d(z,y)W(y)}{V(z,y)} \,\mathrm{d}y\biggr\vert ^{p}\,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{p}} \\ & \quad \quad {}\times \biggl( \int_{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r} \bigl\vert h(z)-h_{2B}\bigr\vert ^{t}\,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{t}} \\ &\quad \quad {}+ \frac{C _{N}\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}2^{l\nu }r^{\nu }}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \frac{r^{ \delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{\delta }V^{1/m}(2^{k}r)} \\ & \quad \leq \frac{C_{N}\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}2^{l \nu }r^{\nu }}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \\ & \quad \quad {}\times \biggl[ \frac{r^{\delta }(2^{k}r)^{1-\delta }}{V^{ \frac{t-1}{t}}(2^{k}r)} \biggl( \int_{B(x_{0},2^{k+3}r)}W^{q_{1}}(z) \,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{q_{1}}}+\frac{r^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{ \delta }V^{1/m}(2^{k}r)} \biggr] \\ & \quad \leq \frac{C_{N}\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}2^{l \nu }r^{\nu }}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \\ & \quad \quad{} \times \biggl[ \frac{r^{\delta }V^{\frac{1}{q_{1}}}(2^{k}r)(2^{k}r)^{-1- \delta }}{V^{\frac{t-1}{t}}(2^{k}r)} \biggl( \frac{(2^{k+3}r)^{2}}{V(2^{k+3}r)} \int_{B(x_{0},2^{k+3}r)}W(z) \,\mathrm{d}z \biggr) +\frac{r^{ \delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{\delta }V^{1/m}(2^{k}r)} \biggr] \\ & \quad \leq \frac{C_{N}\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}2^{l \nu }r^{\nu }}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-l_{1}-(l_{0}+1) \theta }} \biggl( \frac{r^{\delta }V^{\frac{1}{q_{1}}}(2^{k}r)(2^{k}r)^{-1- \delta }}{V^{\frac{t-1}{t}}(2^{k}r)} +\frac{r^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{ \delta }V^{1/m}(2^{k}r)} \biggr) \\ & \quad \leq \frac{C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}2^{l\nu }r ^{\nu }}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-l_{1}-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \frac{r^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{\delta }V^{1/m}(2^{k}r)}, \end{aligned}$$
$$\begin{aligned} J_{3} &= \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} \bigl\vert A_{3}f(y)-c \bigr\vert \, \mathrm{d}y \\ & \leq \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} \biggl\vert \int_{d(x_{0},z)>2r} \bigl(\tilde{\mathcal{K}}(y,z)-\tilde{ \mathcal{K}}(x_{0},z)\bigr) \bigl(h(z)-h_{2Q}\bigr)f(z) \, \mathrm{d}z\biggr\vert \,\mathrm{d}y \\ & \leq \frac{1}{\vert B \vert } \int_{B} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty } \int _{2^{k}r\leq d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r} \bigl\vert \bigl(\tilde{\mathcal{K}}(y,z)- \tilde{\mathcal{K}}(x_{0},z)\bigr) \bigl(h(z)-h_{2Q} \bigr)f(z)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}z\, \mathrm{d}y \\ & \leq \frac{\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}}{\vert B \vert } \int _{B} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty }2^{k\nu }r^{\nu } \frac{C}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/ \rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-l_{1}-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \frac{r^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{ \delta }V^{\frac{1}{m}-\frac{1}{s}}(2^{k}r)} \\ & \quad \times \biggl( \int_{d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert f(z) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \sum_{k=1}^{ \infty } \frac{C_{N}}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-l_{1}-(l _{0}+1)\theta }} \frac{r^{\delta }}{(2^{k}r)^{\delta }V^{1/m}(2^{k}r)}\frac{(2^{k}r)^{ \nu }}{(2^{k+1}r)^{\nu }}V^{\frac{1}{m}} \bigl(2^{k+1}r\bigr) \\ & \quad \times \biggl( \frac{(2^{k+1}r)^{m\nu }}{V(2^{k+1}r)} \int _{d(x_{0},z)< 2^{k+1}r}\bigl\vert f(z) \bigr\vert ^{m}\, \mathrm{d}z \biggr) ^{ \frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \sum_{k=1}^{ \infty }2^{-k\delta } \frac{C_{N}}{ ( 1+2^{k}r/\rho (x_{0}) ) ^{N-l_{1}-(l_{0}+1)\theta }} \bigl\{ M_{m\nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}} \\ & \leq C \Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)} \bigl\{ M_{m \nu } \bigl( \vert f \vert ^{m} \bigr) ( y ) \bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}}, \end{aligned}$$
4 Proof of the main result
Proof of Theorem 1
Suppose \(h \in \operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)\). We choose m such that it satisfies \(q_{2} < m < p\). We conclude from Proposition 4, Lemmas 5, 11 and 12 that
where \(\frac{1}{p}=\frac{1}{q}-\frac{\nu }{D}\). □
$$\begin{aligned} \bigl\Vert [h,\tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f\bigr\Vert _{L^{p}(G)}^{p} &\leq\int _{G}\bigl\vert M_{\rho ,\alpha }\bigl([h,\tilde{ \mathcal{R}}]f\bigr) (x)\bigr\vert ^{p} \,\mathrm{d}x \\ &\leq C\int_{G}\bigl\vert M_{\rho ,\beta }^{\sharp } \bigl([h, \tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f\bigr) (x)\bigr\vert ^{p}\,\mathrm{d}x \\ &\quad {}+C\sum_{k}\vert Q _{k} \vert \biggl( \frac{1}{\vert Q_{k}\vert } \int_{2Q_{k}} \bigl\vert [h,\tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f(x)\bigr\vert \,\mathrm{d}x \biggr) ^{p} \\ &\leq C \int_{G}\bigl\vert M_{\rho ,\beta }^{\sharp } \bigl([h, \tilde{\mathcal{R}}]f\bigr) (x)\bigr\vert ^{p}\, \mathrm{d}x \\ &\quad {}+C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}^{p}\sum _{k} \int_{2Q_{k}}\bigl\vert \bigl\{ M_{m \nu }\bigl(\vert f \vert ^{m}\bigr)\bigr\} ^{\frac{1}{m}}(x)\bigr\vert ^{p} \, \mathrm{d}x \\ &\leq C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}\bigl\Vert \bigl(M_{m\nu } \bigl( \vert f\vert ^{m}\bigr)\bigr)^{\frac{1}{m}}\bigr\Vert _{L^{p}(G)}^{p} \\ &\leq C\Vert h\Vert _{\operatorname{Lip}_{\nu }^{\theta }(G)}\Vert f\Vert _{L^{q}(G)}^{p}, \end{aligned}$$
5 Conclusions
We prove the \(L^{p}\rightarrow L^{q}\) boundedness for the commutator which is generated by the Riesz transform \(\mathcal{R} \) and the function \(h\in \operatorname{Lip}^{\theta }_{\nu }\). We generalize the corresponding results on the Euclidean space in [6] to the nilpotent Lie group, and they may have some applications in harmonic analysis and PDE on the Lie group.
Declarations
Acknowledgements
Research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11671031, 11471018), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-BR-17-004B).
Authors’ contributions
All authors contributed equally to the writing of this paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Authors’ Affiliations
(1)
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
References
- Varopoulos, NT, Saloff-Coste, L, Coulhon, T: Analysis and Geometry on Groups. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1992) MATHGoogle Scholar
- Jiang, RJ, Jiang, XJ, Yang, DC: Maximal function characterizations of Hardy spaces associated with Schrödinger operators on nilpotent Lie groups. Rev. Mat. Complut. 24, 251-275 (2011) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Li, HQ: Estimations \(L^{p}\) des opérateurs de Schrödinger sur les groupes nilpotents. J. Funct. Anal. 161, 152-218 (1999) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Coifman, R, Rochberg, R, Weiss, G: Factorization theorems for Hardy spaces in several variables. Ann. Math. 103, 611-635 (1976) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Janson, S: Mean oscillation and commutators of singular integral operators. Ark. Math. 16, 263-270 (1978) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Liu, Y, Sheng, JL: Some estimates for commutators of Riesz transforms associated with Schrödinger operators. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 419, 298-328 (2014) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Folland, GB: Subelliptic estimates and function spaces on nilpotent Lie groups. Ark. Mat. 13, 161-207 (1975) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Folland, GB: Lipschitz classes and Poisson integrals on stratified groups. Stud. Math. 66, 37-55 (1979) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Yang, DaC, Zhou, Y: Localized Hardy spaces \(H^{1}\) related to admissible functions on RD-spaces and applications to Schrödinger operators. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 363, 1197-1239 (2011) View ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Liu, Y, Huang, JZ, Dong, JF: Commutators of Calderón-Zygmund operators related to admissible functions on spaces of homogeneous type and applications to Schrödinger operators. Sci. China Math. 56(9), 1895-1913 (2013) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
- Bernardis, A, Salinas, O: Two-weight norm inequalities for the fractional maximal operator on spaces of homogeneous type. Stud. Math. 108, 201-207 (1994) MathSciNetView ArticleMATHGoogle Scholar
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2017
