General iterative algorithms for mixed equilibrium problems, a general system of generalized equilibria and fixed point problems

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce and analyze a general iterative algorithm for finding a common solution of a finite family of mixed equilibrium problems, a general system of generalized equilibria and a fixed point problem of nonexpansive mappings in a real Hilbert space. Under some appropriate conditions, we derive the strong convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm to a common solution, which also solves some optimization problem. The result presented in this paper improves and extends some corresponding ones in the earlier and recent literature.

MSC:49J30, 47H10, 47H15.

1 Introduction

Let H be a real Hilbert space with the inner product $〈\cdot ,\cdot 〉$ and the norm $\parallel \cdot \parallel$. Let C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of H, and let $T:C\to C$ be a nonlinear mapping. Throughout this paper, we use $F(T)$ to denote the fixed point set of T. A mapping $T:C\to C$ is said to be nonexpansive if

$$\parallel Tx-Ty\parallel \le \parallel x-y\parallel ,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

(1.1)

Let $F:C\times C\to R$ be a real-valued bifunction and $\phi :C\to R$ be a real-valued function, where R is a set of real numbers. The so-called mixed equilibrium problem (MEP) is to find $x\in C$ such that

$$F(x,y)+\phi (y)-\phi (x)\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,$$

(1.2)

which was considered and studied in [1, 2]. The set of solutions of MEP (1.2) is denoted by $MEP(F,\phi )$. In particular, whenever $\phi \equiv 0$, MEP (1.2) reduces to the equilibrium problem (EP) of finding $x\in C$ such that

$$F(x,y)\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,$$

which was considered and studied in [3–7]. The set of solutions of the EP is denoted by $EP(F)$. Given a mapping $A:C\to H$, let $F(x,y)=〈Ax,y-x〉$ for all $x,y\in C$. Then $z\in EP(F)$ if and only if $〈Ax,y-x〉\ge 0$ for all $y\in C$. Numerous problems in physics, optimization and economics reduce to finding a solution of the EP.

Throughout this paper, assume that $F:C\times C\to R$ is a bifunction satisfying conditions (A1)-(A4) and that $\phi :C\to R$ is a lower semicontinuous and convex function with restriction (B1) or (B2), where

• (A1) $F(x,x)=0$ for all $x\in C$;

• (A2) F is monotone, i.e., $F(x,y)+F(y,x)\le 0$, for any $x,y\in C$;

• (A3) F is upper hemicontinuous, i.e., for each $x,y,z\in C$,

  $$\underset{t\to 0}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}F(tz+(1-t)x,y)\le F(x,y);$$

• (A4) $F(x,\cdot )$ is convex and lower semicontinuous for each $x\in C$;

• (B1) for each $x\in H$ and $r>0$, there exist a bounded subset $D_x\subset C$ and $y_x\in C$ such that for any $z\in C\setminus D_x$,

  $$F(z,y_x)+\phi (y_x)-\phi (z)+\frac{1}{r}〈y_x-z,z-x〉<0;$$

• (B2) C is a bounded set.

The mappings ${\{T_n\}}_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ are said to be an infinite family of nonexpansive self-mappings on C if

$$\parallel T_{n}x-T_{n}y\parallel \le \parallel x-y\parallel ,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C,n\ge 1,$$

(1.3)

and denoted by $F(T_n)$ is a fixed point set of $T_n$, i.e., $F(T_n)=\{x\in H:T_{n}x=x\}$. Finding an optimal point in the intersection ${\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n)$ of fixed point sets of mappings $T_n$, $n\ge 1$, is a matter of interest in various branches of sciences.

Recently, many authors considered some iterative methods for finding a common element of the set of solutions of MEP (1.2) and the set of fixed points of nonexpansive mappings; see, e.g., [2, 8, 9] and the references therein.

A mapping $A:C\to H$ is said to be:

• (i) Monotone if

  $$〈Ax-Ay,x-y〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

• (ii) Strongly monotone if there exists a constant $\eta >0$ such that

  $$〈Ax-Ay,x-y〉\ge \eta {\parallel x-y\parallel }^2,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

In such a case, A is said to be η-strongly monotone.

• (iii) Inverse-strongly monotone if there exists a constant $\zeta >0$ such that

  $$〈Ax-Ay,x-y〉\ge \zeta {\parallel Ax-Ay\parallel }^2,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

In such a case, A is said to be ζ-inverse-strongly monotone.

Let $A:C\to H$ be a nonlinear mapping. The classical variational inequality problem (VIP) is to find $x^{\ast }\in C$ such that

$$〈A{x}^{\ast },y-x^{\ast }〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C.$$

(1.4)

We use $VI(C,A)$ to denote the set of solutions to VIP (1.4). One can easily see that VIP (1.4) is equivalent to a fixed point problem, the origin of which can be traced back to Lions and Stampacchia [10]. That is, $u\in C$ is a solution to VIP (1.4) if and only if u is a fixed point of the mapping $P_C(I-\lambda A)$, where $\lambda >0$ is a constant. Variational inequality theory has been studied quite extensively and has emerged as an important tool in the study of a wide class of obstacle, unilateral, free, moving, equilibrium problems. Not only are the existence and uniqueness of solutions important topics in the study of VIP (1.4), but also how to actually find a solution of VIP (1.4) is important. Up to now, there have been many iterative algorithms in the literature for finding approximate solutions of VIP (1.4) and its extended versions; see, e.g., [3, 11–14].

Recently, Ceng and Yao [8] introduced and studied the general system of generalized equilibria (GSEP) as follows: Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let ${\mathrm{\Theta }}_1,{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2:C\times C\to R$ be two bifunctions, $B_1,B_2:C\to H$ be two nonlinear mappings. Consider the following problem of finding $(x^{\ast },y^{\ast })\in C\times C$ such that

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1(x^{\ast },x)+〈B_1{y}^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉+\frac{1}{{\mu }_1}〈x^{\ast }-y^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in C,\\ {\mathrm{\Theta }}_2(y^{\ast },y)+〈B_2{x}^{\ast },y-y^{\ast }〉+\frac{1}{{\mu }_2}〈y^{\ast }-x^{\ast },y-y^{\ast }〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,\end{array}$$

(1.5)

where ${\mu }_1>0$, ${\mu }_2>0$ are two constants. In particular, whenever ${\mathrm{\Theta }}_1={\mathrm{\Theta }}_2=0$, GSEP (1.5) reduces to the following general system of variational inequalities (GSVI): find $(x^{\ast },y^{\ast })\in C\times C$ such that

$$\{\begin{array}{l}〈{\mu }_1{B}_1{y}^{\ast }+x^{\ast }-y^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in C,\\ 〈{\mu }_2{B}_2{x}^{\ast }+y^{\ast }-x^{\ast },x-y^{\ast }〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,\end{array}$$

(1.6)

where ${\mu }_1$ and ${\mu }_2$ are two positive constants. GSVI (1.6) is considered and studied in [8, 15, 16]. In particular, whenever $B_1=B_2=A$ and $x^{\ast }=y^{\ast }$, GSVI (1.6) reduces to VIP (1.4).

In order to prove our main results in the following sections, we need the following lemmas and propositions.

Proposition 1.1 For given $x\in H$ and $z\in C$:

• (i) $z\in P_{C}x\iff 〈x-z,y-z〉\le 0$, $\mathrm{\forall }y\in C$;

• (ii) $z\in P_{C}x\iff {\parallel x-z\parallel }^2\le {\parallel x-y\parallel }^2-{\parallel y-z\parallel }^2$, $\mathrm{\forall }y\in C$;

• (iii) $〈P_{C}x-P_{C}y,x-y〉\ge {\parallel P_{C}x-P_{C}y\parallel }^2$, $\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in H$.

Consequently, $P_C$ is a firmly nonexpansive mapping of H onto C and hence nonexpansive and monotone.

Given a positive number $r>0$. Let $T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}:H\to C$ be the solution set of the auxiliary mixed equilibrium problem, that is, for each $x\in H$,

$$T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}(x):=\{y\in C:\mathrm{\Theta }(y,z)+\phi (z)-\phi (y)+\frac{1}{r}〈y-x,z-y〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }z\in C\}.$$

Proposition 1.2 (see [2, 8])

Let C be a nonempty closed subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let $\mathrm{\Theta }:C\times C\to R$ be a bifunction satisfying conditions (A1)-(A4), and let $\phi :C\to R$ be a lower semicontinuous and convex function with restriction (B1) or (B2). Then the following hold:

• (a) for each $x\in H$, $T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$;

• (b) $T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}$ is single-valued;

• (c) $T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}$ is firmly nonexpansive, i.e., for any $x,y\in H$,

  $${\parallel T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x-T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}y\parallel }^2\le 〈T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x-T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}y,x-y〉;$$

• (d) for all $s,t>0$ and $x\in H$,

  $${\parallel T_s^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x-T_t^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x\parallel }^2\le \frac{s-t}{s}〈T_s^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x-x,T_s^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x-T_t^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x〉;$$

• (e) $F(T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )})=MEP(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )$;

• (f) $MEP(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )$ is closed and convex.

Remark 1.1 It is easy to see from conclusions (c) and (d) in Proposition 1.2 that

$$\parallel T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x-T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}y\parallel \le \parallel x-y\parallel ,\mathrm{\forall }r>0,x,y\in H$$

and

$$\parallel T_s^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x-T_t^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x\parallel \le \frac{|s-t|}{s}\parallel T_s^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}x-x\parallel ,\mathrm{\forall }s,t>0,x\in H.$$

Remark 1.2 If $\phi =0$, then $T_r^{(\mathrm{\Theta },\phi )}$ is rewritten as $T_r^{\mathrm{\Theta }}$.

Ceng and Yao [8] transformed GSEP (1.5) into a fixed point problem in the following way.

Lemma 1.1 (see [8])

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of H. Let ${\mathrm{\Theta }}_1,{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2:C\times C\to R$ be two bifunctions satisfying conditions (A1)-(A4), and let the mappings $B_1,B_2:C\to H$ be ${\zeta }_1$-inverse strongly monotone and ${\zeta }_2$-inverse strongly monotone, respectively. Let ${\mu }_1\in (0,2{\zeta }_1)$ and ${\mu }_2\in (0,2{\zeta }_2)$, respectively. Then, for given $x^{\ast },y^{\ast }\in C$, $(x^{\ast },y^{\ast })$ is a solution of GSEP (1.5) if and only if $x^{\ast }$ is a fixed point of the mapping $G:C\to C$ defined by

$$G(x)=T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)x,\mathrm{\forall }x\in C,$$

where $y^{\ast }=T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)x^{\ast }$.

Lemma 1.2 (see [8])

For given $x^{\ast },y^{\ast }\in C$, $(x^{\ast },y^{\ast })$ is a solution of GSVI (1.6) if and only if $x^{\ast }$ is a fixed point of the mapping $G:C\to C$ defined by

$$Gx=P_C(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)P_C(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)x,\mathrm{\forall }x\in C,$$

where $y^{\ast }=P_C(x^{\ast }-{\mu }_2{B}_2{x}^{\ast })$ and $P_C$ is the projection of H onto C.

Remark 1.3 If ${\mathrm{\Theta }}_1,{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2:C\times C\to R$ are two bifunctions satisfying (A1)-(A4), the mappings $B_1,B_2:C\to H$ are ${\zeta }_1$-inverse strongly monotone and ${\zeta }_2$-inverse strongly monotone, respectively, then $G:C\to C$ is a nonexpansive mapping provided ${\mu }_1\in (0,2{\zeta }_1)$ and ${\mu }_2\in (0,2{\zeta }_2)$.

Throughout this paper, the set of fixed points of the mapping G is denoted by Γ.

On the other hand, Moudafi [1] introduced the viscosity approximation method for nonexpansive mappings (see also [17] for further developments in both Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces).

A mapping $f:C\to C$ is called α-contractive if there exists a constant $\alpha \in (0,1)$ such that

$$\parallel f(x)-f(y)\parallel \le \alpha \parallel x-y\parallel ,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

Let f be a contraction on C. Starting with an arbitrary initial $x_1\in C$, define a sequence $\{x_n\}$ recursively by

$$x_{n+1}={\alpha }_{n}f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n)T{x}_n,n\ge 0,$$

(1.7)

where T is a nonexpansive mapping of C into itself and $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ is a sequence in $(0,1)$. It is proved [1, 17] that under certain appropriate conditions imposed on $\{{\alpha }_n\}$, the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.6) converges strongly to the unique solution $x^{\ast }\in F(T)$ to the VIP

$$〈(I-f)x^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\ge 0,x\in F(T).$$

A linear bounded operator A is said to be $\overline{\gamma }$-strongly positive on H if there exists a constant $\overline{\gamma }\in (0,1)$ such that

$$〈Ax,x〉\ge \overline{\gamma }{\parallel x\parallel }^2,\mathrm{\forall }x\in H.$$

(1.8)

The typical problem is to minimize a quadratic function on a real Hilbert space H,

$$\underset{x\in C}{min}\frac{1}{2}〈Ax,x〉-〈x,u〉,$$

(1.9)

where C is a nonempty closed convex subset of H, u is a given point in H and A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator on H.

In 2006, Marino and Xu [18] introduced and considered the following general iterative method:

$$x_{n+1}={\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_{n}A)T{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.10)

where A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator on a real Hilbert space H, f is a contraction on H. They proved that the above sequence $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈(\gamma f-A)x^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in F(T),$$

which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem

$$\underset{x\in C}{min}\frac{1}{2}〈Ax,x〉-h(x),$$

where h is a potential function for γf (i.e., $h^{\prime }(x)=\gamma f(x)$ for all $x\in H$).

In 2007, Takahashi and Takahashi [5] introduced an iterative scheme by the viscosity approximation method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of the EP and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in a real Hilbert space. Let $S:C\to H$ be a nonexpansive mapping. Starting with arbitrary initial $x_1\in H$, define sequences $\{x_n\}$ and $\{u_n\}$ recursively by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}F(u_n,y)+\frac{1}{r_n}〈y-u_n,u_n-x_n〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,\\ x_{n+1}={\alpha }_{n}f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n)S{u}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1.\end{array}$$

(1.11)

They proved that under appropriate conditions imposed on $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ and $\{r_n\}$, the sequences $\{x_n\}$ and $\{u_n\}$ converge strongly to $x^{\ast }\in F(S)\cap EP(F)$, where $x^{\ast }=P_{F(S)\cap EP(F)}f(x^{\ast })$.

Subsequently, Plubtieng and Punpaeng [19] introduced a general iterative process for finding a common element of the set of solutions of the EP and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in a Hilbert space.

Let $S:H\to H$ be a nonexpansive mapping. Starting with an arbitrary $x_1\in H$, define sequences $\{x_n\}$ and $\{u_n\}$ by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}F(u_n,y)+\frac{1}{r_n}〈y-u_n,u_n-x_n〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,\\ x_{n+1}={\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_{n}A)S{u}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1.\end{array}$$

(1.12)

They proved that under appropriate conditions imposed on $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ and $\{r_n\}$, the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.12) converges strongly to the unique solution $x^{\ast }\in F(S)\cap EP(F)$ to the VIP

$$〈(\gamma f-A)x^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in F(S)\cap EP(F),$$

which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem

$$\underset{x\in F(S)\cap EP(F)}{min}\frac{1}{2}〈Ax,x〉-h(x),$$

where h is a potential function for γf (i.e., $h^{\prime }(x)=\gamma f(x)$ for all $x\in H$).

In 2001, Yamada [20] introduced a hybrid steepest descent method for a nonexpansive mapping T as follows:

$$x_{n+1}=T{x}_n-\mu {\lambda }_{n}F(T{x}_n),\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.13)

where F is a κ-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\kappa ,\eta >0$ and $0<\mu <\frac{2\eta }{{\kappa }^2}$. He proved that if $\{{\lambda }_n\}$ satisfies appropriate conditions, then the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.13) converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈F{x}^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in F(T).$$

In 2010, Tian [21] combined the iterative method (1.10) with Yamada’s method (1.13) and considered the following general viscosity-type iterative method:

$$x_{n+1}={\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0.$$

(1.14)

Then he proved that the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.14) converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈(\gamma f-\mu F)x^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in F(T).$$

Recently, Ceng et al. [22] introduced implicit and explicit iterative schemes for finding the fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping T on a nonempty, closed and convex subset C in a real Hilbert space H as follows:

$$x_t=P_C[t\gamma V{x}_t+(1-t\mu F)T{x}_t]$$

(1.15)

and

$$x_{n+1}=P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma V{x}_n+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T{x}_n],\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.16)

where V is an L-Lipschitzian mapping with constant $L\ge 0$ and F is a κ-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\kappa ,\eta >0$ and $0<\mu <\frac{2\eta }{{\kappa }^2}$. Then they proved that the sequences generated by (1.15) and (1.16) converge strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈(\gamma V-\mu F)x^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in F(T).$$

Let ${\{T_n\}}_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ be an infinite family of nonexpansive self-mappings on C and ${\{{\lambda }_n\}}_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ be a sequence of nonnegative numbers in $[0,1]$. For any $n\ge 1$, define a mapping $W_n$ of C into itself as follows:

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{U}_{n,n+1}=I,\\ U_{n,n}={\lambda }_n{T}_n{U}_{n,n+1}+(1-{\lambda }_n)I,\\ U_{n,n-1}={\lambda }_{n-1}{T}_{n-1}{U}_{n,n}+(1-{\lambda }_{n-1})I,\\ \dots ,\\ U_{n,k}={\lambda }_k{T}_k{U}_{n,k+1}+(1-{\lambda }_k)I,\\ U_{n,k-1}={\lambda }_{k-1}{T}_{k-1}{U}_{n,k}+(1-{\lambda }_{k-1})I,\\ \dots ,\\ U_{n,2}={\lambda }_2{T}_2{U}_{n,3}+(1-{\lambda }_2)I,\\ W_n=U_{n,1}={\lambda }_1{T}_1{U}_{n,2}+(1-{\lambda }_1)I.\end{array}$$

(1.17)

Such a mapping $W_n$ is called the W-mapping generated by $T_n,T_{n-1},\dots ,T_1$ and ${\lambda }_n,{\lambda }_{n-1},\dots ,{\lambda }_1$.

Very recently, Chen [23] introduced and considered the following iterative scheme:

$$x_{n+1}=P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_{n}A)W_n{x}_n],\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.18)

where A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator, f is a contraction on H, and $W_n$ is defined as (1.17). He proved that the above sequence $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈(\gamma f-A)x^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in \bigcap _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n),$$

which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem

$$\underset{x\in {\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n)}{min}\frac{1}{2}〈Ax,x〉-h(x),$$

where h is a potential function for γf (i.e., $h^{\prime }(x)=\gamma f(x)$ for all $x\in H$).

More recently, Rattanaseeha [7] introduced an iterative algorithm:

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{x}_1\in H,\text{arbitrarily given},\\ F(u_n,y)+\frac{1}{r_n}〈y-u_n,u_n-x_n〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,\\ x_{n+1}=P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_{n}A)W_n{x}_n],\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1,\end{array}$$

(1.19)

where A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator, f is a contraction on H, and $W_n$ is defined as (1.17). He proved that the above sequence $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈(\gamma f-A)x^{\ast },x-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in \bigcap _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n)\cap EP(F).$$

Nowadays, Wang et al. [24] introduced an iterative algorithm:

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{x}_1\in H,\\ F(u_n,y)+\phi (y)-\phi (u_n)+\frac{1}{r_n}〈y-u_n,u_n-x_n〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,\\ x_{n+1}=P_c[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+{\beta }_n{x}_n+((1-{\beta }_n)I-{\alpha }_{n}A)W_n{u}_n],\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1,\end{array}$$

(1.20)

where A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator, f is an l-Lipschitz continuous mapping, $\{W_n\}$ is defined by (1.17), and $G=P_C(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)P_C(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)$. They proved that the above sequence $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to $x^{\ast }\in \mathrm{\Omega }:={\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n)\cap MEP(F,\phi )\cap \mathrm{\Gamma }$, where Γ is a fixed point set of the mapping $G=P_C(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)P_C(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)$, which is the unique solution of the VIP

$$〈(A-\gamma f)x^{\ast },x^{\ast }-x〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in \mathrm{\Omega },$$

or, equivalently, the unique solution of the minimization problem

$$\underset{x\in \mathrm{\Omega }}{min}\frac{1}{2}〈Ax,x〉-h(x).$$

Our concern now is the following:

Question 1 Can Theorem 3.1 of Rattanaseeha [7], Theorem 3.1 of Wang et al. [24] and so on be extended from one mixed equilibrium problem to the convex combination of a finite family of the mixed equilibrium problems?

Question 2 We know that GSEP (1.5) is more general than GSVI (1.6). What happens if GSVI (1.6) is replaced by GSEP (1.5)?

Question 3 We know that the η-strongly monotone and L-Lipschitz operator is more general than the strongly positive bounded linear operator. What happens if the strongly positive bounded linear operator is replaced by the η-strongly monotone and L-Lipschitz operator?

The purpose of this article is to give the affirmative answers to these questions mentioned above. Let $B_i:C\to H$ be ${\zeta }_i$-inverse strongly monotone for $i=1,2$, $B_3$ be a κ-Lipschitz and η-strongly monotone operator and $f:C\to H$ be an l-Lipschitz mapping on H. Motivated by the above facts, in this paper we propose and analyze the general iterative algorithm

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{y}_n={\lambda }_n{W}_{n}G({\sum }_{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m})+(1-{\lambda }_n)({\sum }_{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m}),\\ x_{n+1}=P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n],\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1,\end{array}$$

(1.21)

where $\{u_{n,m}\}$ is such that

$$F_m(u_{n,m},y)+\phi (y)-\phi (u_{n,m})+\frac{1}{r_{n,m}}〈y-u_{n,m},u_{n,m}-x_n〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,$$

for each $1\le m\le N$, $W_n$ is defined by (1.17) and $G=T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)$, and $x_0\in C$ is an arbitrary initial point, for finding a common solution of a finite family of MEP (1.2), GSEP (1.5) and the fixed point problem of an infinite family of nonexpansive self-mappings ${\{T_n\}}_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ on C. It is proven that under some mild conditions imposed on parameters, the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.20) converges strongly to $x^{\ast }\in \mathrm{\Omega }:=({\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n))\cap ({\bigcap }_{m=1}^{N}MEP(F_m,\phi ))\cap \mathrm{\Gamma }$, where Γ is a fixed point set of the mapping $G=T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)$, where $x^{\ast }$ is the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈(\gamma f-\mu B_3)x^{\ast },z-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }z\in \mathrm{\Omega }.$$

(1.22)

Remark 1.4 Other results on the problem of finding solutions to equilibrium problems and fixed point problems of families of mappings with different approaches can be found in [25, 26].

2 Preliminaries

We indicate weak convergence and strong convergence by using the notation ⇀ and →, respectively. A mapping $f:C\to H$ is called l-Lipschitz continuous if there exists a constant $l\ge 0$ such that

$$\parallel f(x)-f(y)\parallel \le l\parallel x-y\parallel ,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

In particular, if $l=1$, then f is called a nonexpansive mapping; if $l\in [0,1)$, then f is a contraction. Recall that a mapping $T:H\to H$ is said to be a firmly nonexpansive mapping if

$${\parallel Tx-Ty\parallel }^2\le 〈Tx-Ty,x-y〉,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in H.$$

The metric (or nearest point) projection from H onto C is the mapping $P_C:H\to C$ which assigns to each point $x\in H$ the unique point $P_{C}x\in C$ satisfying the property

$$\parallel x-P_{C}x\parallel =\underset{y\in C}{inf}\parallel x-y\parallel =:d(x,C).$$

We need some facts and tools in a real Hilbert space H which are listed as lemmas below.

Lemma 2.1 Let X be a real inner product space. Then there holds the following inequality:

$${\parallel x+y\parallel }^2\le {\parallel x\parallel }^2+2〈y,x+y〉,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in X.$$

Lemma 2.2 Let H be a Hilbert space. Then the following equalities hold:

• (a) ${\parallel x-y\parallel }^2={\parallel x\parallel }^2-{\parallel y\parallel }^2-2〈x-y,y〉$ for all $x,y\in H$;

• (b) ${\parallel \lambda x+\mu y\parallel }^2=\lambda {\parallel x\parallel }^2+\mu {\parallel y\parallel }^2-\lambda \mu {\parallel x-y\parallel }^2$ for all $x,y\in H$ and $\lambda ,\mu \in [0,1]$ with $\lambda +\mu =1$;

• (c) If $\{x_n\}$ is a sequence in H such that $x_n\rightharpoonup x$, it follows that

  $$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}{\parallel x_n-y\parallel }^2=\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}{\parallel x_n-x\parallel }^2+{\parallel x-y\parallel }^2,\mathrm{\forall }y\in H.$$

We have the following crucial lemmas concerning the W-mappings defined by (1.17).

Lemma 2.3 (see [[27], Lemma 3.2])

Let ${\{T_n\}}_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ be a sequence of nonexpansive self-mappings on C such that ${\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n)\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$, and let $\{{\lambda }_n\}$ be a sequence in $(0,b]$ for some $b\in (0,1)$. Then, for every $x\in C$ and $k\ge 1$, the limit ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{U}_{n,k}$ exists, where $U_{n,k}$ is defined by (1.17).

Remark 2.1 (see [[6], Remark 3.1])

It can be known from Lemma 2.3 that if D is a nonempty bounded subset of C, then for $ϵ>0$ there exists $n_0\ge k$ such that for all $n\ge n_0$,

$$\underset{x\in D}{sup}\parallel U_{n,k}x-U_{k}x\parallel \le ϵ.$$

Remark 2.2 (see [[6], Remark 3.2])

Utilizing Lemma 2.3, we define a mapping $W:C\times C$ as follows:

$$Wx=\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}{W}_{n}x=\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}{U}_{n,1}x,\mathrm{\forall }x\in C.$$

Such W is called the W-mapping generated by $T_1,T_2,\dots$ and ${\lambda }_1,{\lambda }_2,\dots$ . Since $W_n$ is nonexpansive, $W:C\to C$ is also nonexpansive. Indeed, observe that for each $x,y\in C$,

$$\parallel Wx-Wy\parallel =\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel W_{n}x-W_{n}y\parallel \le \parallel x-y\parallel .$$

If $\{x_n\}$ is a bounded sequence in C, then we put $D=\{x_n:n\ge 1\}$. Hence, it is clear from Remark 2.1 that for arbitrary $ϵ>0$ there exists $N_0\ge 1$ such that for all $n>N_0$,

$$\parallel W_n{x}_n-W{x}_n\parallel =\parallel U_{n,1}{x}_n-U_1{x}_n\parallel \le \underset{x\in D}{sup}\parallel U_{n,1}x-U_{1}x\parallel \le ϵ.$$

This implies that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel W_n{x}_n-W{x}_n\parallel =0.$$

Lemma 2.4 (see [[27], Lemma 3.3])

Let ${\{T_n\}}_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ be a sequence of nonexpansive self-mappings on C such that ${\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n)\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$, and let $\{{\lambda }_n\}$ be a sequence in $(0,b]$ for some $b\in (0,1)$. Then $F(W)={\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n)$.

Lemma 2.5 (see [[28], Demiclosedness principle])

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let T be a nonexpansive self-mapping on C with $F(T)\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$. Then $I-T$ is demiclosed. That is, whenever $\{x_n\}$ is a sequence in C weakly converging to some $x\in C$ and the sequence $\{(I-T)x_n\}$ strongly converges to some y, it follows that $(I-T)x=y$. Here I is the identity operator of H.

Lemma 2.6 Let $A:C\to H$ be a monotone mapping. In the context of the variational inequality problem, the characterization of the projection (see Proposition  1.1(i)) implies

$$u\in VI(C,A)\iff u=P_C(u-\lambda Au),\mathrm{\forall }\lambda >0.$$

Lemma 2.7 (see [29])

Assume that $\{a_n\}$ is a sequence of nonnegative real numbers such that

$$a_{n+1}\le (1-{\gamma }_n)a_n+{\sigma }_n{\gamma }_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1,$$

where ${\gamma }_n$ is a sequence in $[0,1]$ and ${\sigma }_n$ is a real sequence such that

• (i) ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\gamma }_n=\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (ii) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\sigma }_n\le 0$ or ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\sigma }_n{\gamma }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$.

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n=0$.

Lemma 2.8 Each Hilbert space H satisfies Opial’s condition, i.e., for the sequence $\{x_n\}\subset H$ with $x_n\rightharpoonup x$. Then the inequality

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}\parallel x_n-x\parallel <lim\hspace{0.17em}inf\parallel x_n-y\parallel$$

holds for any $y\in H$ such that $y\ne x$.

3 Main result

We will introduce and analyze a general iterative algorithm for finding a common solution of a finite family of MEP (1.2), GSEP (1.5) and the fixed point problems of an infinite family of nonexpansive self-mappings ${\{T_n\}}_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ on C. Under some appropriate conditions imposed on the parameter sequences, we will prove strong convergence of the proposed algorithm.

Theorem 3.1 Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Hilbert space H. Let $F_m$ be a sequence of bifunctions from $C\times C$ to R satisfying (A1)-(A4), and let $\phi :C\to R$ be a lower semicontinuous and convex function with restriction (B1) or (B2) for every $1\le m\le N$, where N denotes some positive integer. Let ${\mathrm{\Theta }}_1,{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2:C\times C\to R$ be two bifunctions satisfying (A1)-(A4), the mapping $B_i:C\to H$ be ${\zeta }_i$-inverse strongly monotone for $i=1,2$, $B_3$ be a κ-Lipschitz and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\kappa ,\eta >0$, and let $f:H\to H$ be an l-Lipschitz mapping with constant $l\ge 0$. Let ${\{T_n\}}_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ be a sequence of nonexpansive mappings on C and $\{{\lambda }_n\}$ be a sequence in $(0,b]$ for some $b\in (0,1)$. Suppose that $0<\mu <2\eta /{\kappa }^2$ and $0<\gamma l<\tau$, where $\tau =1-\sqrt{1-\mu (2\eta -\mu {\kappa }^2)}$. Assume that $\mathrm{\Omega }:=({\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n))\cap ({\bigcap }_{m=1}^{N}MEP(F_m,\phi ))\cap \mathrm{\Gamma }\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$, where Γ is a fixed point set of the mapping $G=T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)$ with ${\mu }_i\in (0,2{\zeta }_i)$ for $i=1,2$. Let $\{{\alpha }_n\},\{{\delta }_n\},\{{\beta }_{n,1}\},\dots$ and $\{{\beta }_{n,N}\}$ be sequences in $[0,1]$ and $\{r_{n,m}\}$ be a sequence in $(0,\mathrm{\infty })$ for every $1\le m\le N$ such that:

• (a) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\alpha }_n=0$, ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\alpha }_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ and ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (b) ${\sum }_{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}=1$ and ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|<\mathrm{\infty }$ for each $1\le m\le N$;

• (c) ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\delta }_n=0$ and ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\delta }_{n+1}-{\delta }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$;

• (d) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{r}_{n,m}>0$ and ${\sum }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|<\mathrm{\infty }$ for each $1\le m\le N$.

Given $x_1\in H$ arbitrarily, the sequence $\{x_n\}$ is generated iteratively by

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{y}_n={\delta }_n{W}_{n}G({\sum }_{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m})+(1-{\delta }_n)({\sum }_{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m}),\\ x_{n+1}=P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n],\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1,\end{array}$$

(3.1)

where $u_{n,m}$ is such that

$$F_m(u_{n,m},y)+\phi (y)-\phi (u_{n,m})+\frac{1}{r_{n,m}}〈y-u_{n,m},u_{n,m}-x_n〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C,$$

for each $1\le m\le N$, $W_n$ is defined by (1.17). Then the sequence $\{x_n\}$ defined by (3.1) converges strongly to $x^{\ast }\in \mathrm{\Omega }$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$, where $x^{\ast }$ is the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈(\gamma f-\mu B_3)x^{\ast },z-x^{\ast }〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }z\in \mathrm{\Omega }.$$

(3.2)

Proof Let $z_n={\sum }_{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m}$ in (3.1), then (3.1) reduces to

$$\{\begin{array}{l}{z}_n={\sum }_{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m},\\ y_n={\delta }_n{W}_{n}G{z}_n+(1-{\delta }_n)z_n,\\ x_{n+1}=P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n],\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1.\end{array}$$

(3.3)

We divide the proof into several steps.

Step 1. We show that $\{x_n\}$ is bounded. Indeed, take $p\in \mathrm{\Omega }$ arbitrarily. Since $p=W_{n}p=T_{r_{n,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}p=Gp$, $B_i$ is ${\zeta }_i$-inverse-strongly monotone for $i=1,2$, by Remark 1.1 we deduce from $0\le {\mu }_i\le 2{\zeta }_i$, $i=1,2$ that for any $n\ge 1$,

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel G{y}_n-p\parallel }^2& =& {\parallel T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\parallel (I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p\parallel }^2\\ =& \parallel [T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p]\\ {-{\mu }_1[B_1{T}_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-B_1{T}_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p]\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\parallel T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p\parallel }^2\\ +{\mu }_1({\mu }_1-2{\zeta }_1){\parallel B_1{T}_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-B_1{T}_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\parallel T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\parallel (I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p\parallel }^2\\ =& {\parallel (y_n-p)-{\mu }_2(B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p)\parallel }^2\\ =& {\parallel y_n-p\parallel }^2+{\mu }_2({\mu }_2-2{\zeta }_2){\parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\parallel y_n-p\parallel }^2={\parallel {\delta }_n{W}_{n}G{z}_n+(1-{\delta }_n)z_n-p\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\delta }_n{\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-p\parallel }^2+(1-{\delta }_n){\parallel z_n-p\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\delta }_n{\parallel G{z}_n-p\parallel }^2+(1-{\delta }_n){\parallel z_n-p\parallel }^2\le {\delta }_n{\parallel z_n-p\parallel }^2+(1-{\delta }_n){\parallel z_n-p\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\parallel z_n-p\parallel }^2={\parallel \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m}-p\parallel }^2\le \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{\parallel u_{n,m}-p\parallel }^2\\ =& \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{\parallel T_{r_{n,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n-T_{r_{n,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}p\parallel }^2\le \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2={\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2.\end{array}$$

(3.4)

(This shows that G is nonexpansive.) It follows that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel & =& \parallel P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n]-p\parallel \\ \le & \parallel {\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel \\ =& \parallel {\alpha }_n(\gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_{3}p)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n-(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)p\parallel \\ \le & {\alpha }_n\gamma l\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel (\gamma f-\mu B_3)p\parallel +(1-{\alpha }_n\tau )\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel \\ \le & {\alpha }_n\gamma l\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel (\gamma f-\mu B_3)p\parallel +(1-{\alpha }_n\tau )\parallel G{y}_n-p\parallel \\ \le & {\alpha }_n\gamma l\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel (\gamma f-\mu B_3)p\parallel +(1-{\alpha }_n\tau )\parallel x_n-p\parallel \\ =& (1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel (\gamma f-\mu B_3)p\parallel \\ \le & max\{\parallel x_n-p\parallel ,\frac{\parallel (\gamma f-\mu B_3)p\parallel }{\tau -\gamma l}\}.\end{array}$$

By induction, we get

$$\parallel x_n-p\parallel \le max\{\parallel x_0-p\parallel ,\frac{\parallel (\gamma f-\mu B_3)p\parallel }{\tau -\gamma l}\},\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0.$$

Therefore, $\{x_n\}$ is bounded and so are the sequences $\{u_{n,m}\}$, $\{z_n\}$, $\{y_n\}$, $\{f(x_n)\}$ and $\{W_{n}G{y}_n\}$. Without loss of generality, suppose that there exists a bounded subset $K\subset C$ such that

$$x_n,u_{n,m},z_n,y_n,W_{n}G{x}_n,W_{n}G{z}_n,W_{n}G{y}_n\in K,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 1.$$

(3.5)

Step 2. Show that $\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel \to 0$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$.

First, we estimate $\parallel u_{n+1,m}-u_{n,m}\parallel$. Taking into account that ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{r}_{n,m}>0$, we may assume, without loss of generality, that $r_{n,m}\subset [ϵ,\mathrm{\infty })$ for some $ϵ>0$, for every $1\le m\le N$. Utilizing Remark 1.1, we get

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel u_{n+1,m}-u_{n,m}\parallel & =& \parallel T_{r_{n+1,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_{n+1}-T_{r_{n,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n\parallel \\ \le & \parallel T_{r_{n+1,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_{n+1}-T_{r_{n+1,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n\parallel +\parallel T_{r_{n+1,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n-T_{r_{n,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +\frac{|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|}{r_{n+1,m}}\parallel T_{r_{n+1,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n-x_n\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +\frac{|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|}{ϵ}\parallel T_{r_{n+1,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n-x_n\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +M|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|,\end{array}$$

(3.6)

where ${sup}_{n\ge 1}\{\frac{1}{ϵ}\parallel T_{r_{n+1,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n-x_n\parallel \}\le M$ for some $M>0$. Next, we estimate $\parallel z_{n+1}-z_n\parallel$.

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel z_{n+1}-z_n\parallel & =& \parallel \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n+1,m}{u}_{n+1,m}-\sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m}\parallel \\ =& \parallel \sum _{m=1}^N({\beta }_{n+1,m}{u}_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m})\parallel \\ \le & \sum _{m=1}^N(\parallel {\beta }_{n+1,m}{u}_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n+1,m}\parallel )+\sum _{m=1}^N(\parallel {\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m}\parallel )\\ \le & \sum _{m=1}^N(|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|\parallel u_{n+1,m}\parallel )+\sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}\parallel u_{n+1,m}-u_{n,m}\parallel \\ \le & \sum _{m=1}^N(|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|\parallel u_{n+1,m}\parallel )+\sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}(\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +M|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|)\\ \le & \parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +\sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}M|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|+\parallel u_{n+1,m}\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +M\sum _{m=1}^N|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|+M_0\sum _{m=1}^N|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|,\end{array}$$

(3.7)

where $M_0={\sum }_{m=1}^N\parallel u_{n+1,m}\parallel$.

On the other hand, from (1.17), since $W_n$, $T_n$ and $U_{n,i}$ are all nonexpansive, we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel W_{n+1}G{z}_n-W_{n}G{z}_n\parallel & =& \parallel {\lambda }_1{T}_1{U}_{n+1,2}G{z}_n-{\lambda }_1{T}_1{U}_{n,2}G{z}_n\parallel \\ \le & {\lambda }_1\parallel U_{n+1,2}G{z}_n-U_{n,2}G{z}_n\parallel \\ =& {\lambda }_1\parallel {\lambda }_2{T}_2{U}_{n+1,3}G{z}_n-{\lambda }_2{T}_2{U}_{n,3}G{z}_n\parallel \\ \le & {\lambda }_1{\lambda }_2\parallel U_{n+1,3}G{z}_n-U_{n,3}G{z}_n\parallel \\ \cdots \\ \le & {\lambda }_1{\lambda }_2\cdots {\lambda }_n\parallel U_{n+1,n+1}G{z}_n-U_{n,n+1}G{z}_n\parallel \\ \le & M_1\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i,\end{array}$$

(3.8)

where ${sup}_{n\ge 1}\{\parallel U_{n+1,n+1}G{z}_n\parallel +\parallel U_{n,n+1}G{z}_n\parallel \}\le M_1$ for some $M_1>0$. Hence, we have

$$\begin{array}{c}\parallel W_{n+1}G{z}_{n+1}-W_{n}G{z}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel W_{n+1}G{z}_{n+1}-W_{n+1}G{z}_n\parallel +\parallel W_{n+1}G{z}_n-W_{n}G{z}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel z_{n+1}-z_n\parallel +M_1\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i\hfill \\ \le \parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +M\sum _{m=1}^N|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|+M_0\sum _{m=1}^N|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|+M_1\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i.\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.9)

Putting (3.9) and (3.7) into (3.3), we have

$$\begin{array}{c}\parallel y_{n+1}-y_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le {\delta }_{n+1}\parallel W_{n+1}G{z}_{n+1}-W_{n}G{z}_n\parallel +(1-{\delta }_{n+1})\parallel z_{n+1}-z_n\parallel +|{\delta }_{n+1}-{\delta }_n|\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-z_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le {\delta }_{n+1}(\parallel z_{n+1}-z_n\parallel +M_1\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i)+(1-{\delta }_{n+1})\parallel z_{n+1}-z_n\parallel +|{\delta }_{n+1}-{\delta }_n|\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-z_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel z_{n+1}-z_n\parallel +{\delta }_{n+1}{M}_1\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i+|{\delta }_{n+1}-{\delta }_n|\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-z_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +M\sum _{m=1}^N|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|+M_0\sum _{m=1}^N|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|\hfill \\ +{\delta }_{n+1}{M}_1\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i+|{\delta }_{n+1}-{\delta }_n|\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-z_n\parallel .\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.10)

Similarly to (3.8), we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel W_{n+1}G{y}_n-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel & =& \parallel {\lambda }_1{T}_1{U}_{n+1,2}G{y}_n-{\lambda }_1{T}_1{U}_{n,2}G{y}_n\parallel \\ \le & {\lambda }_1\parallel U_{n+1,2}G{y}_n-U_{n,2}G{y}_n\parallel \\ =& {\lambda }_1\parallel {\lambda }_2{T}_2{U}_{n+1,3}G{y}_n-{\lambda }_2{T}_2{U}_{n,3}G{y}_n\parallel \\ \le & {\lambda }_1{\lambda }_2\parallel U_{n+1,3}G{y}_n-U_{n,3}G{y}_n\parallel \\ \cdots \\ \le & {\lambda }_1{\lambda }_2\cdots {\lambda }_n\parallel U_{n+1,n+1}G{y}_n-U_{n,n+1}G{y}_n\parallel \\ \le & M_2\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i,\end{array}$$

(3.11)

where ${sup}_{n\ge 1}\{\parallel U_{n+1,n+1}G{y}_n\parallel +\parallel U_{n,n+1}G{y}_n\parallel \}\le M_2$ for some $M_2>0$. Then we have

$$\begin{array}{c}\parallel W_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel W_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}-W_{n+1}G{y}_n\parallel +\parallel W_{n+1}G{y}_n-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel y_{n+1}-y_n\parallel +M_2\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i\hfill \\ \le \parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +M\sum _{m=1}^N|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|+M_0\sum _{m=1}^N|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|\hfill \\ +{\delta }_{n+1}{M}_1\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i+|{\delta }_{n+1}-{\delta }_n|\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-z_n\parallel +M_2\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i.\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.12)

Hence, it follows from (3.3)-(3.12) that

$$\begin{array}{c}\parallel x_{n+2}-x_{n+1}\parallel \hfill \\ =\parallel P_C[{\alpha }_{n+1}\gamma f(x_{n+1})+(1-{\alpha }_{n+1}\mu B_3)W_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}]\hfill \\ -P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n]\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel [{\alpha }_{n+1}\gamma f(x_{n+1})+(1-{\alpha }_{n+1}\mu B_3)W_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}]-[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n]\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel {\alpha }_n\gamma (f(x_{n+1})-f(x_n))+\gamma ({\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n)f(x_{n+1})\hfill \\ +(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)(W_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}-W_{n}G{y}_n)+\mu ({\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n+1})B_3{W}_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}\parallel \hfill \\ \le {\alpha }_n\gamma l\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +|{\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n|(\gamma \parallel f(x_{n+1})\parallel +\mu \parallel B_3{W}_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}\parallel )\hfill \\ +(1-{\alpha }_n\tau )\parallel W_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \le (1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +|{\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n|(\gamma \parallel f(x_{n+1})\parallel +\mu \parallel B_3{W}_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}\parallel )\hfill \\ +(1-{\alpha }_n\tau )(M\sum _{m=1}^N|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|+M_0\sum _{m=1}^N|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|+{\delta }_{n+1}{M}_1\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i\hfill \\ +|{\delta }_{n+1}-{\delta }_n|\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-z_n\parallel +M_2\prod _{i=1}^n{\lambda }_i)\hfill \\ \le (1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel +M_3(|{\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n|+\sum _{m=1}^N|r_{n+1,m}-r_{n,m}|\hfill \\ +\sum _{m=1}^N|{\beta }_{n+1,m}-{\beta }_{n,m}|+|{\delta }_{n+1}-{\delta }_n|+b^n),\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.13)

where ${sup}_{n\ge 1}\{\gamma \parallel f(x_{n+1})\parallel +\mu \parallel B_3{W}_{n+1}G{y}_{n+1}\parallel +M+M_0+\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-z_n\parallel +{\delta }_{n+1}{M}_1+M_2\}\le M_3$ for some $M_3>0$. Noticing conditions (a), (b), (c), (d) and Lemma 2.7, we get $\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel \to 0$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$.

Step 3. We show that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel y_n-G{y}_n\parallel =0,$$

(3.14)

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel x_n-u_{n,m}\parallel =0,\mathrm{\forall }1\le m\le N,$$

(3.15)

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel x_n-WG{x}_n\parallel =0.$$

(3.16)

First, we show ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel y_n-G{y}_n\parallel =0$. Indeed, for simplicity, we write ${\tilde{y}}_n=T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n$, $\tilde{p}=T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p$, $w_n=T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1){\tilde{y}}_n$. Then $w_n=G{y}_n$ and $p=Gp$. Similar to the proof of (3.4), we get

$${\parallel G{y}_n-p\parallel }^2\le {\parallel y_n-p\parallel }^2+{\mu }_2({\mu }_2-2{\zeta }_2){\parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel }^2+{\mu }_1({\mu }_1-2{\zeta }_1){\parallel B{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel }^2.$$

(3.17)

From (3.3), (3.4), (3.17), we obtain that for $p\in \mathrm{\Omega }$,

$$\begin{array}{c}{\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel {\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel }^2\hfill \\ ={\parallel {\alpha }_n(\gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n)+W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel }^2\hfill \\ ={\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel }^2+2{\alpha }_n〈\gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n,W_{n}G{y}_n-p〉\hfill \\ +{{\alpha }_n}^2{\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel G{y}_n-p\parallel }^2+{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \times [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le {\parallel y_n-p\parallel }^2+{\mu }_2({\mu }_2-2{\zeta }_2){\parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel }^2+{\mu }_1({\mu }_1-2{\zeta }_1){\parallel B{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel }^2\hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2+{\mu }_2({\mu }_2-2{\zeta }_2){\parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel }^2+{\mu }_1({\mu }_1-2{\zeta }_1){\parallel B{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel }^2\hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ],\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.18)

which immediately implies that

$$\begin{array}{c}{\mu }_2(2{\zeta }_2-{\mu }_2){\parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel }^2+{\mu }_1(2{\zeta }_1-{\mu }_1){\parallel B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel }^2+{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \times [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le \parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel (\parallel x_n-p\parallel +\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel )\hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ].\hfill \end{array}$$

Since ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\alpha }_n=0$, ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel =0$ and ${\mu }_i\in (0,2{\zeta }_i)$, $i=1,2$, we deduce from the boundedness of $\{x_n\}$, $f(x_n)$ and $\{W_{n}G{y}_n\}$ that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel =0,\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel =0.$$

(3.19)

Also, in terms of the firm nonexpansivity of $T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}$, $T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}$, we obtain from ${\mu }_i\in (0,2{\zeta }_i)$, $i=1,2$, that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel {\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p}\parallel }^2& =& {\parallel T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-T_{{\mu }_2}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_2}(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p\parallel }^2\\ \le & 〈(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p,{\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p}〉\\ =& \frac{1}{2}[{\parallel (I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p\parallel }^2+{\parallel {\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p}\parallel }^2\\ -{\parallel (I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)y_n-(I-{\mu }_2{B}_2)p-({\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2]\\ \le & \frac{1}{2}[{\parallel y_n-p\parallel }^2+{\parallel {\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p}\parallel }^2-{\parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-{\mu }_2(B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2]\\ \le & \frac{1}{2}[{\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2+{\parallel {\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p}\parallel }^2-{\parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2\\ +2{\mu }_2〈(y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p}),B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p〉]\end{array}$$

and

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel w_n-p\parallel }^2& =& {\parallel T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1){\tilde{y}}_n-T_{{\mu }_1}^{{\mathrm{\Theta }}_1}(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)\tilde{p}\parallel }^2\\ \le & 〈(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1){\tilde{y}}_n-(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)\tilde{p},w_n-p〉\\ =& \frac{1}{2}[{\parallel (I-{\mu }_1{B}_1){\tilde{y}}_n-(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)\tilde{p}\parallel }^2+{\parallel w_n-p\parallel }^2\\ -{\parallel (I-{\mu }_1{B}_1){\tilde{y}}_n-(I-{\mu }_1{B}_1)\tilde{p}-(w_n-p)\parallel }^2]\\ \le & \frac{1}{2}[{\parallel {\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p}\parallel }^2+{\parallel w_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2\\ -2{\mu }_1〈B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p},({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})〉-{{\mu }_1}^2{\parallel B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel }^2]\\ \le & \frac{1}{2}[{\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2+{\parallel w_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2\\ +2{\mu }_1〈B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p},({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})〉].\end{array}$$

Thus, we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel {\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p}\parallel }^2& \le & {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2\\ +2{\mu }_2〈(y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p}),B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p〉\end{array}$$

(3.20)

and

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel w_n-p\parallel }^2& \le & {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2\\ +2{\mu }_1〈B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p},({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})〉.\end{array}$$

(3.21)

Consequently, it follows from (3.4), (3.18) and (3.20) that

$$\begin{array}{c}{\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel G{y}_n-p\parallel }^2+{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \times [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le {\parallel {\tilde{y}}_n-\tilde{p}\parallel }^2+{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \times [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2+2{\mu }_2〈(y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p}),B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p〉\hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ],\hfill \end{array}$$

which yields

$$\begin{array}{c}{\parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel }^2+2{\mu }_2\parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel \parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel \hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le (\parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel )(\parallel x_n-p\parallel +\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel )+2{\mu }_2\parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel \parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel \hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ].\hfill \end{array}$$

Since ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\alpha }_n=0$, ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel =0$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel B_2{y}_n-B_{2}p\parallel =0$, we deduce that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel =0.$$

(3.22)

Furthermore, it follows from (3.4), (3.18) and (3.21) that

$$\begin{array}{c}{\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel G{y}_n-p\parallel }^2+{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \times [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le {\parallel w_n-p\parallel }^2+{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \times [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2+2{\mu }_1〈B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p},({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})〉\hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ],\hfill \end{array}$$

which leads to

$$\begin{array}{c}{\parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel }^2+2{\mu }_1\parallel B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel \parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel \hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le (\parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel )(\parallel x_n-p\parallel +\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel )+2{\mu }_1\parallel B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel \parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel \hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ].\hfill \end{array}$$

Since ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\alpha }_n=0$, ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel =0$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel B_1{\tilde{y}}_n-B_1\tilde{p}\parallel =0$, we deduce that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel =0.$$

(3.23)

Note that

$$\parallel y_n-w_n\parallel \le \parallel (y_n-{\tilde{y}}_n)-(p-\tilde{p})\parallel +\parallel ({\tilde{y}}_n-w_n)+(p-\tilde{p})\parallel .$$

Hence from (3.20) and (3.21), we get

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel y_n-w_n\parallel =\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel y_n-G{y}_n\parallel =0.$$

Next, we show that ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_n-u_{n,m}\parallel =0$ for every $1\le m\le N$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_n-WG{x}_n\parallel =0$. Indeed, by Proposition 1.2(c), we obtain that for any $p\in \mathrm{\Omega }$ and for each $1\le m\le N$,

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel u_{n,m}-p\parallel }^2& =& {\parallel T_{r_n,m}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n-T_{r_n,m}^{(F_m,\phi )}p\parallel }^2\\ \le & 〈u_{n,m}-p,x_n-p〉\\ =& \frac{1}{2}[{\parallel u_{n,m}-p\parallel }^2+{\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel }^2].\end{array}$$

That is,

$${\parallel u_{n,m}-p\parallel }^2\le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel }^2.$$

Then we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel z_n-p\parallel }^2& =& {\parallel \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m}-p\parallel }^2\le \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{\parallel u_{n,m}-p\parallel }^2\\ \le & \sum _{m=1}^N({\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel }^2)\\ =& {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-\sum _{m=1}^N{\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel }^2.\end{array}$$

It follows that

$${\parallel y_n-p\parallel }^2\le {\parallel z_n-p\parallel }^2\le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-\sum _{m=1}^N{\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel }^2.$$

(3.24)

It follows from (3.18) and (3.24) that

$$\begin{array}{c}{\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel y_n-p\parallel }^2+{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \times [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-\sum _{m=1}^N{\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel }^2+{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \hfill \\ \times [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ],\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.25)

which immediately implies that

$$\begin{array}{c}\sum _{m=1}^N{\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {\parallel x_n-p\parallel }^2-{\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel }^2\hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le (\parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel )(\parallel x_n-p\parallel +\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel )\hfill \\ +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel [2\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel ].\hfill \end{array}$$

Since ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\alpha }_n=0$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel =0$, we deduce that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel =0,\mathrm{\forall }1\le m\le N.$$

(3.26)

Since

$$\parallel z_n-x_n\parallel =\parallel \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}{u}_{n,m}-x_n\parallel \le \sum _{m=1}^N{\beta }_{n,m}\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel ,$$

from ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel u_{n,m}-x_n\parallel =0$, we get

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel z_n-x_n\parallel =0.$$

(3.27)

Notice that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel y_n-x_n\parallel & \le & \parallel y_n-z_n\parallel +\parallel z_n-x_n\parallel \\ \le & \parallel {\delta }_n{W}_{n}G{z}_n+(1-{\delta }_n)z_n-z_n\parallel +\parallel z_n-x_n\parallel \\ =& {\delta }_n\parallel W_{n}G{z}_n-z_n\parallel +\parallel z_n-x_n\parallel .\end{array}$$

Since ${\delta }_n\to 0$ and $\parallel z_n-x_n\parallel \to 0$, we get

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel y_n-x_n\parallel =0.$$

(3.28)

Note that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel x_n-W_{n}G{x}_n\parallel & \le & \parallel x_n-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel +\parallel W_{n}G{y}_n-W_{n}G{x}_n\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_n-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel +\parallel y_n-x_n\parallel .\end{array}$$

(3.29)

On the other hand,

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel x_n-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel & \le & \parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel +\parallel x_{n+1}-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \\ =& \parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel +\parallel P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n]-P_C{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel +\parallel {\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+(1-{\alpha }_n\mu B_3)W_{n}G{y}_n-W_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \\ =& \parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma f(x_n)-\mu B_3{W}_{n}G{y}_n\parallel \to 0.\end{array}$$

From ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_n-x_{n+1}\parallel =0$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\alpha }_n=0$, we get

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel x_n-W_{n}G{x}_n\parallel =0.$$

(3.30)

Note that

$$\parallel x_n-WG{x}_n\parallel \le \parallel x_n-W_{n}G{x}_n\parallel +\parallel W_{n}G{x}_n-WG{x}_n\parallel .$$

From (3.30) and Remark 2.2, we see

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel x_n-WG{x}_n\parallel =0.$$

Step 4. Now we shall prove

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈x_n-x^{\ast },(\gamma f-\mu B_3)x^{\ast }〉\le 0,$$

(3.31)

where $x^{\ast }$ is the unique solution of variational inequality (3.2). To show this, we take a subsequence $\{x_{n_i}\}$ of $\{x_n\}$ such that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈x_n-x^{\ast },(\gamma f-\mu B_3)x^{\ast }〉=\underset{i\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}〈x_{n_i}-x^{\ast },(\gamma f-\mu B_3)x^{\ast }〉.$$

(3.32)

Since $\{x_{n_i}\}$ is bounded, there exists a subsequence of $\{x_{n_i}\}$. Without loss of generality, we can still denote it by $\{x_{n_i}\}$ such that $x_{n_i}\rightharpoonup \omega$. Let us show $\omega \in \mathrm{\Omega }:=({\bigcap }_{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}F(T_n))\cap ({\bigcap }_{m=1}^{N}MEP(F_m,\phi ))\cap \mathrm{\Gamma }$.

We first show $\omega \in \mathrm{\Gamma }$. From $\parallel y_n-G{y}_n\parallel \to 0$ and $\parallel x_n-y_n\parallel \to 0$ and Lemma 2.5 (demiclosedness principle), we have $\omega \in F(G)=\mathrm{\Gamma }$.

Next we show $\omega \in {\bigcap }_{m=1}^{N}MEP(F_m,\phi )$. Since $u_{n,m}=T_{r_{n,m}}^{(F_m,\phi )}{x}_n$, we have

$$F_m(u_{n,m},y)+\phi (y)-\phi (u_{n,m})+\frac{1}{r_{n,m}}〈y-u_{n,m},u_{n,m}-x_n〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C.$$

It follows from (A2) that

$$\phi (y)-\phi (u_{n,m})+\frac{1}{r_{n,m}}〈y-u_{n,m},u_{n,m}-x_n〉\ge F_m(y,u_{n,m}),\mathrm{\forall }y\in C.$$

Replacing n by $n_i$, we arrive at

$$\phi (y)-\phi (u_{n_i,m})+〈\frac{u_{n_i,m}-x_{n_i}}{r_{n_i,m}},y-u_{n_i,m}〉\ge F_m(y,u_{n_i,m}),\mathrm{\forall }y\in C.$$

(3.33)

Put $y_{t_m}=t_{m}y+(1-t_m)\omega$ for all $t_m\in (0,1]$ and $y\in C$. Then from (3.33) we have

$$0\ge -\phi (y_{t_m})+\phi (u_{n_i,m})-〈\frac{u_{n_i,m}-x_{n_i}}{r_{n_i,m}},y_{t_m}-u_{n_i,m}〉+F_m(y_{t_m},u_{n_i,m}).$$

So, from (A4), the weak lower semicontinuity of φ, $\frac{u_{n_i,m}-x_{n_i}}{r_{n_i,m}}\to 0$ and $u_{n_i}\rightharpoonup \omega$, we have

$$0\ge -\phi (y_{t_m})+\phi (\omega )+F_m(y_{t_m},\omega )\text{as }i\to \mathrm{\infty }.$$

(3.34)

From (A1), (A4) and (3.34), we also have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}0& =& F_m(y_{t_m},y_{t_m})+\phi (y_{t_m}\end{array}$$