Skip to main content

Maximal regularity properties of Agranovich-Vishik type abstract elliptic operators in the half-plane

Abstract

In this work, Agranovich-Vishik type abstract elliptic operators in the half-plane are studied. We derive maximal regularity properties of these operators in UMD-valued Sobolev spaces. Our main aim is to prove existence and uniqueness theorems for the solution of abstract elliptic equation with regular boundary conditions on these function spaces. First, by applying the Fourier multiplier, we prove the separability properties of this differential operator in R n . By using the embedding theorem and the trace theorem, we obtain the main result.

1 Introduction

Boundary value problems (BVPs) for differential-operator equations (DOEs) in abstract spaces have been studied extensively by many researchers [111]. The maximal regularity properties for partial differential equations (PDEs), and, particularly, for elliptic equations have been studied in [24, 1215]. The main objective of the present paper is to discuss the BVP for a general elliptic equation with complex parameter in a Banach space-valued Sobolev class. Regularity properties in parameter dependent elliptic equations were derived in [14] for a polynomial dependence, and in [3, 13, 14] for the case of linear dependence of a complex parameter. Here, the complex parameter is included polynomially in the principal part of the equation.

Consider, on R n , the following differential operator:

A(D,q)= | α | + β l a α , β q β D α ,
(1)

depending polynomially on a complex parameter q, of order l with constant complex coefficients where βN{0}.

We firstly consider the following equation in the whole space:

A(D,q)u= | α | + β l a α , β q β D α u=f(x),x=( x 1 ,, x n ) R n ,
(2)

then we prove the separability properties of differential operator (1) in the Bochner space L p ( R n ;E) (i.e., E-valued L p spaces where E is a Banach space). In particular, the existence and uniqueness of maximal regular solution is derived. In addition, we derive the uniformly coercive estimation of the solution in the space L p ( R n ;E).

Let R + n ={x:x R n , x n >0} and R n ={x:x R n , x n <0}. We denote x=( x , x n )=( x 1 ,, x n ). Consider the following BVP:

A(D,q)u= | α | + β l a α , β q β D α u=f(x),x=( x 1 ,, x n ) R + n ,
(3)
B j ( x , D , q ) u= | α | + β 2 m b α β q β D α u | x n = 0 = g j ( x ) ,j=1,,m.
(4)

g j are trace functions defined on R n 1 . The boundary operators B j are subject to an algebraic condition which we call Condition II (see Section 3). Then we prove the isomorphism theorem (algebraic and topological) of problem (3)-(4) between E-valued Sobolev type spaces W l , p ( R + n ;E) and W l 2 m , p ( R + n ;E)× j = 1 m B p , p l m j 1 p ( R n 1 ;E) (j=1,,m). Since E is an arbitrary UMD space, the maximal regularity properties of various class of elliptic BVPs is obtained by choosing a different E. This condition, when q=1, becomes the well-known condition of Shapiro-Lopatinskii [16, 17], which is often also called the ellipticity condition for problem (3)-(4). When q=1, the BVP (3)-(4) is considered in a bounded domain with sufficiently smooth boundary, satisfying the complementing condition for all properly elliptic differential operators in [18, 19]. In addition, Agranovich-Vishik worked out problem (3)-(4) in a half-plane and domain with sufficiently smooth boundary [14]. Extensive references can be found in [5] (see also [17]).

While studying the elliptic operator depending on a parameter q, it will be convenient for us to use norms depending on the parameter. We put

u l , p = ( u l , p p + | q | p l u 0 , p p ) 1 p .
(5)

For any fixed q, the norms u l , p and u l , p are clearly equivalent.

2 Notation and background

The notation follows the usual standard. Let E be a Banach space and L p (Ω;E) denotes the space of strongly measurable E-valued functions that are defined on the measurable subset Ω R n with the norm

u L p ( Ω , E ) = ( Ω u E p d x ) 1 p <.
(6)

The Banach space E is often called a UMD space if the Hilbert operator

(Hf)(x)= lim ϵ 0 | x y | > ϵ f ( y ) x y dy

is bounded in L p (Ω,E) for 0<p<.

The term ‘UMD’ is an abbreviation for ‘unconditional martingale differences’. UMD spaces include spaces such as L p , l p for p(1,).

Let l be an integer ≥1. The E-valued Sobolev space, W l , p (Ω;E), of order l on Ω is defined by

W l , p ( Ω ; E ) = { u | u L p ( Ω ; E ) , D α u L p ( Ω ; E ) , | α | l , u l , p = u W l , p ( Ω ; E ) = | α | l D α u L p ( Ω ; E ) < } ,
(7)

where

D α = α 1 + + α n x 1 α 1 x n α n ,α=( α 1 ,, α n ) N n ,|α|= α 1 ++ α n .

We shall set

L p (Ω,E)= W 0 , p (Ω,E).

By S=S( R n ;E), we denote the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing smooth functions. Let F denote the E-valued Fourier transform and let 1<p<. A function ψC( R n ) is called a multiplier from L p ( R n ; E 1 ) to L p ( R n ; E 2 ) if the mapping f T ψ f= F 1 ψ(ξ)Ff for fS( R n ; E 1 ) is well defined and provided that there is a constant C so that

T ψ f L p ( R n ; E 2 ) C f L p ( R n ; E 1 ) .

The norm of ψ in M p (E) is defined by

ψ M p ( E ) = T ψ L p ( R n ; E 1 ) L p ( R n ; E 1 ) .

Let m i be positive integers, k i be non-negative integers, s i be positive numbers and m i > s i k i >0, i=1,2,,n, s=( s 1 , s 2 ,, s n ), 1p, 1q, 0< y 0 <. The E-valued Besov spaces B p , q s (Ω;E) are defined as

B p , q s ( Ω ; E ) = { f : f L p ( Ω ; E ) , f B p , q s ( Ω ; E ) = f L p ( Ω ; E ) + i = 1 n ( 0 h 0 h [ ( s i k i ) q + 1 ] Δ i m i ( h , Ω ) D i k i f L p ( Ω ; E ) q d h ) 1 q < }

for 1q<. For q=, recall that

f B p , s ( Ω ; E ) = i = 1 n sup 0 < h < h 0 Δ i m i ( h , Ω ) D i k i f L p ( Ω ; E ) h s i k i .

The definition of B p , q s (Ω;E) is independent of m i and k i .

Let Ω be a domain in R n . A linear operator T mapping W m , p (Ω;E) into W m , p ( R n ;E) is called an extension for Ω provided that, for every u W m , p (Ω;E), the equality Tu(x)=u(x) holds a.e. in Ω, and for each m there is a constant K such that

T u W m , p ( R n ; E ) K u W m , p ( Ω ; E ) .
(8)

Now, we shall give some theorems which will be used to prove the maximal regularity properties of elliptic differential equations in E-valued Sobolev spaces.

By using [6] and an interpolation of Banach spaces (see [38, 11, 16, 17]), we obtain the following.

Theorem 1 (Trace theorem)

Let E be a UMD space. Then the transformations

u u x n j ( x , 0 ) ,j=0,1,,m1,

are bounded, linear, and surjective from W m , p ( R + n ;E) into B p , p m j 1 p ( R n 1 ;E).

Proof It is clear that

W m , p ( R + n ; E ) = W m , p ( R + ; W m , p ( R n 1 ; E ) , L p ( R n 1 ; E ) ) .

Then by the virtue of the trace theorem of [6], the operator

u u x n j ( x , 0 )

will be linear, bounded, and surjective from W m , p ( R + n ;E) into ( W m , p ( R n 1 ; E ) , L p ( R n 1 ; E ) ) j + 1 p m , p .

It is well known that (see, for example, [16])

( W m , p ( R n 1 ; E ) , L p ( R n 1 ; E ) ) j + 1 p m , p = B p , p m j 1 p ( R n 1 ; E ) .

This completes the proof. □

Theorem 2 (Extension theorem)

Let E be a UMD-space. Then there exists a bounded linear extension operator from W m , p ( R + n ;E) to W m , p ( R n ;E).

Proof By virtue of [5], the restriction to R + n of a function in C 0 ( R n ;E) is dense in W m , p ( R + n ;E) for any m and p. So, we define the extension operator T only for such functions. Let ψ C ([0,)) be a real-valued function satisfying ψ(t)=1 if t[0, 1 2 ], ψ(t)=0 if t1. Let u C 0 ( R n ;E). Then we set

Tu(x)= { u ( x ) , if  x R ¯ + n , k = 0 a k f ( 2 k x n ) u ( x , 2 k x n ) , if  x R n ,

where a k is a sequence defined as follows:

k = 0 2 n k a k = ( 1 ) n ,n0
(9)

and

k = 0 2 n k | a k |<.
(10)

It is clear that Tu has compact support in C ( R ¯ + n ;E) C ( R ¯ n ;E). If x R n , we have

D α Tu(x)= k = 0 a k j = 0 α n ( α n j ) ( 2 k ) α n f α n j ( 2 k x n ) D n j D α u ( x , 2 k x n ) ,

which we write

D α Tu(x)= k = 0 Ψ k (x).
(11)

Since Ψ k (x)=0 when x n > 1 2 k 1 , it follows from (10) that the above series converges absolutely and uniformly as x n tends to zero. Using (11), we get

lim x n 0 D α Tu(x)= lim x n 0 + D α Tu(x)= D α Tu(0).

Hence, we say that D α Tu C 0 ( R n ;E). Moreover, if |α|m,

Ψ k ( x ) E p K 1 p | a k | p 2 k m p | β | m D β u ( x , 2 k x n ) E p ,

where K 1 depends on m, p, n, and f. Integrating over R n ,

{ R n Ψ k E p } 1 p K 1 | a k | 2 k m { ( 1 2 k ) | β | m R n D β u ( x , 2 k x n ) E p d x } 1 p .

Hence

Ψ k W 0 , p ( R n ; E ) = K 1 | a k | 2 k m { | β | m R + n D β u ( y ) E p d y } 1 p = K 1 | a k | 2 k m u W m , p ( R + n ; E ) .
(12)

It follows from (10)-(11) that

D α T u L p ( R n ; E ) K 1 u W m , p ( R + n ; E ) k = 0 | a k | 2 k m K 2 u W m , p ( R + n ; E ) .

It is obvious that

D α T u L p ( R + n ; E ) K 3 u W m , p ( R + n ; E ) .

Combining these, we obtain

T u W m , p ( R n ; E ) K 4 u W m , p ( R + n ; E ) ,

with K=K(m,p,n). Thus, the proof is finished. □

By virtue of [8] we state the following theorems.

Theorem 3 (Embedding theorem)

Let E be a UMD space and α=( α 1 ,, α n ), |α|m, 0μ | α | m . Then the embedding

D α W m , p ( R + n ; E ) L p ( R n ; E )
(13)

is continuous, and for all u W m , p ( R + n ;E) and 0<h< h 0 , the following estimate holds:

D α u L p ( R + n ; E ) h μ u W m , p ( R + n ; E ) + h ( 1 μ ) u L p ( R n ; E ) .
(14)

Theorem 4 (Fourier multiplier theorem)

Let E be a UMD space and ψ be a C n + 1 function defined on R n . Assume there is a constant c ψ such that for all multi-indices α satisfying |α|<n+1 we have

| x | | α | | D α ψ(x)|< c ψ .
(15)

Then for 1<p< the operator T ψ , which is defined as F 1 ψF, has an extension to L P ( R n ;E) which satisfies

T ψ f L p c p f L p .

The constants c p depend only on c ψ , n, and p (see [20]).

3 Elliptic problem in R n

We shall consider the equation

A(D,q)u(x,q)=f(x,q)
(16)

in the whole space R n , where A(D,q) is a differential operator with constant complex coefficients depending polynomially on a complex parameter q in such a way that, after replacing D=( D 1 ,, D n ) by ξ=( ξ 1 ,, ξ n ), we get a homogeneous polynomial A(ξ,q) of degree s. Here, s is a non-negative integer. We symbolize it as

A(D,q)= | α | + β s a α β q β D α
(17)

and the symbol of the operator is as follows:

A(ξ,q)= | α | + β s a α β q β ξ α .

The parameter varies among the limits of a closed sector Q of the complex plane, with vertex at the origin of coordinates. That is,

Q={q:αargqβ}.

We begin our analysis by proving Proposition 1 with the help of Theorem 3.

Proposition 1 Let E be a UMD space. For ls, the operator A(D,q) is a bounded operator from W l , p ( R n ;E) to W l s , p ( R n ;E). More precisely, we have the following estimate:

A u W l s , p + | q | l s A u L p C 2 { u ( x , q ) W l , p + | q | l u L p } ,
(18)

where the constants C 1 and C 2 are independent of q and u.

Proof Let u W l , p ( R n ;E) be any function. By taking the norm of A(D,q)u, and using (5) and interpolation, we obtain

A u l s , p = A u l s , p + | q | l s A u 0 , p = | γ | l s | α | + β s a α β q β D α + γ u 0 , p + | q | l s | α | + β s a α β q β D α u 0 , p = | γ | l s a s , 0 D s + γ u + + a 0 , s q s u 0 , p + | q | l s a s , 0 D s u + + a 0 , s q s u 0 , p | γ | l s a s , 0 D s + γ u 0 , p + + | γ | = l s a 0 , s q s u 0 , p + | q | l s { a s , 0 D s u 0 , p + + a 0 , s q s u 0 , p } | γ | l a s , 0 D γ u 0 , p + + | q | l a 0 , s u 0 , p .

Since the coefficients of the operator A are constants, by using Theorem 3, we obtain

Au l s , p ( R n ; E ) C { | γ | l D γ u 0 , p + + | q | l u 0 , p } =Cu l , p ( R n ; E ) ,

where C is chosen such that C=max{ a j , k :j,k=1,,m}. This completes the proof. □

We require the following conditions.

Condition I

  1. (a)

    If |ξ|+|q|0, then A(ξ,q)0 for all qQ and ξ R n (ξ0).

  2. (b)

    We suppose A(ξ,q)M ( | ξ | s + | q | s ) 1 holds for all qQ and ξ R n (ξ0), where M is a constant.

The main conclusion of this section is the following result.

Theorem 5 Suppose that Condition I is satisfied, ls, and 0<p<. Then for f W l s , p ( R n ;E) there exists one and only one solution u W l , p ( R n ;E) of problem (16). Moreover, the coercive uniform estimate holds:

u W l , p C 1 f W l s , p
(19)

for |q|> q 0 where the constant C 1 is independent of q and u.

Proof First of all, we will prove that there is a solution u W l , p ( R n ;E). Consider the equation

A(D,q)u(x,q)= | α | + β s a α β q β D α u(x,q)=f(x,q).
(20)

Applying the Fourier transformation F to both sides of (20), we get

A(ξ,q)Fu(x,q)=Ff(x,q),A(ξ,q)= | α | + β = s a α β q β ξ α .
(21)

By Condition I, for a non-vanishing qQ, ξ R n we have A(ξ,q)0. Hence, from (21) we obtain

u ˆ (ξ,q)= A 1 (ξ,q) f ˆ (ξ,q).

Now, we rewrite the inequality (19) as follows:

| α | l D α u L p + | q | l u L p C { | β | l s D β f L p + | q | l s f L p } .

Moreover, by using the Fourier transformation, we see that the above estimate is equivalent to

| α | l F 1 ( i ξ ) α u ˆ L p + | q | l F 1 u ˆ L p C { | β | l s F 1 ( i ξ ) β f ˆ L p + | q | l s F 1 f ˆ L p } .

Replacing u ˆ with A 1 (ξ,q) f ˆ we obtain

| α | l F 1 ( i ξ ) α A 1 ( ξ , q ) f ˆ L p + | q | l F 1 A 1 ( ξ , q ) f ˆ L p C { | β | l s F 1 ( i ξ ) β f ˆ L p + | q | l s F 1 f ˆ L p } .

We have to verify the following inequality to finish the proof:

| α | l F 1 ( i ξ ) α A 1 ( ξ , q ) f ˆ L p + | q | l F 1 A 1 ( ξ , q ) f ˆ L p C F 1 ( | β | l s ( i ξ ) β + q l s ) f ˆ L p .

Let us rewrite the inequalities as follows:

F 1 | α | l ( i ξ ) α A 1 ( ξ , q ) | β | l s ( i ξ ) β + q l s ( | β | l s ( i ξ ) β + q l s ) f ˆ L p ( R n ; E ) + F 1 | q | l A 1 ( ξ , q ) | β | l s ( i ξ ) β + q l s ( | β | l s ( i ξ ) β + q l s ) f ˆ L p ( R n ; E ) C F 1 ( | β | l s ( i ξ ) β + q l s ) f ˆ L p ( R n ; E ) .

Define the following functions:

ψ 1 ( ξ , q ) = | q | l A 1 ( ξ , q ) ( | β | l s ( i ξ ) β + q l s ) 1 , ψ 2 ( ξ , q ) = | α | l ( i ξ ) α A 1 ( ξ , q ) ( | β | l s ( i ξ ) β + q l s ) 1 .

In order to prove the above estimate, we have to show that the functions ψ 1 (ξ,q) and ψ 2 (ξ,q) are Fourier multipliers in L p ( R n ;E). By applying the multiplier theorem (see, for example, [3, 20]), we will show that ψ k C n + 1 ( R n ;B(E)), k=1,2, for |α|n+1. That is,

| ξ | α | D α ψ i (ξ,q)| C ψ i ,i=1,2.
(22)

For every kN there exists a constant C n , k such that

| ξ | k C n , k | β | = k | ξ β |,
(23)

where ξ=( ξ 1 ,, ξ n ).

Let |α|=0. Using the inequality (23) and Condition I(a) we find that

| q | l C 1 |A(ξ,q)| ( | ξ | l s + | q | l s ) ,
(24)

where C 1 is a constant depending on ψ 1 . Similarly, we can apply the same process to | ψ 2 (ξ,q)| C 2 to obtain

| ξ | l C 2 |A(ξ,q)| ( | ξ | l s + | q | l s ) ,
(25)

where C 2 is also a constant depending on ψ 2 . If we choose C =max{ C 1 , C 2 }, we obtain the following inequality from (24)-(25):

| ξ | l s | q | l s ( | ξ | l s + | q | l s ) 2 ( | ξ | s + | q | s ) C |A(ξ,q)|.
(26)

Because ξ and q are not zero at the same time, and | ξ | l s | q | l s ( | ξ | l s + | q | l s ) 2 is bounded as ξ and q tend to infinity, we can write

( | ξ | s + | q | s ) C|A(ξ,q)|,
(27)

where C is a constant that does not dependent on ξ or q. That is, we get | ψ 1 (x)| C 1 and | ψ 2 (x)| C 2 . Let α 1 = α 2 == α k 1 = α k + 1 == α n =0, and α k =1. Then, by using the boundedness of ψ 1 , we obtain

| ξ k | | ξ k ψ 1 ( ξ , q ) | | ξ k | | q | l | ξ k ( | α | l β s c α β q β ξ α ξ k α k ) 1 | = | q | l | ( α k | α | l β s c α β q β ξ α ξ k α k ) ( | α | l β s c α β q β ξ α ξ k α k ) 1 | = α k | q | l C 1 ,

where ξ =( ξ 1 ,, ξ k 1 , ξ k + 1 ,, ξ n ) and α =( α 1 ,, α k 1 , α k + 1 ,, α n ).

In a similar way, we obtain the above estimate for all α with |α|n+1. Then we have | ξ | α | D α ψ 1 (x)| C 1 . Moreover, applying the same operations we obtain | ξ | α | D α ψ 2 (c)| C 2 . That is, the functions ψ 1 , ψ 2 are multipliers in L p ( R n ;E). Hence, we find that there is a solution u W l , p ( R n ;E) for f W l s , p ( R n ;E) and the coercive estimate (19) holds.

Finally, to show that the solution is unique, we use the inequality (19). Suppose that there are two solutions u 1 and u 2 satisfying A u 1 =f and A u 2 =f. If we subtract A u 2 =f from A u 1 =f we get

A( u 1 u 2 )=0.

Hence, by the estimate (19) we obtain

u 1 u 2 W l , p ( R n ; E ) C 1 0 W l s , p ( R n ; E ) u 1 u 2 W l , p ( R n ; E ) =0,

which implies that u 1 = u 2 . □

4 Elliptic problem in the half-space

In this section, we consider the following boundary value problem:

A(D,q)u | α | + β 2 m a α β q β D α u=f(x),x R + n ,
(28)
B j ( x , D , q ) u= | α | + β 2 m b α β q β D α u | x n = 0 = g j ( x ) ,j=1,,m.
(29)

Here x =( x 1 ,, x n 1 ); A(D,q) and B j (D,q) denote the differential operator with constant complex coefficients depending on a complex parameter q. By replacing D by ξ we obtain homogeneous polynomials A(ξ,q) and B j (ξ,q) in ( ξ 1 ,, ξ n ,q) of degree 2m and m j , respectively. The parameter q is the same as before.

The operators in (28) and (29) can be connected as follows:

N= { A ( D , q ) , B 1 ( D , q ) , B 2 ( D , q ) , , B m ( D , q ) } .
(30)

First, by using the embedding theorem (Theorem 3) and the trace theorem (Theorem 1) in the space W l , p ( R + n ;E), we obtain the following.

Proposition 2 Let E be a UMD space and l2m be an integer. Then N is a bounded linear operator from W l , p ( R + n ;E) to W l 2 m , p ( R + n ;E)× j = 1 m B p , p l m j 1 p ( R n 1 ;E) (j=1,,m). Moreover, we have the estimate

Au W l 2 m , p + j = 1 m g j B p , p l m j 1 p C 1 u W l , p ,
(31)

where the constant C 1 does not depend on q or u.

Let F denote the Fourier transform with respect to x =( x 1 ,, x n 1 ). By applying the Fourier transformation F in problem (28)-(29) with respect to x ( x ξ ), supposing that f=0, and by replacing x n with y, we get the problem on the half-line

A ( ξ , i d d y , q ) v(y)=0,y>0,
(32)
B j ( ξ , i d d y , q ) v ( y ) | y = 0 = h j ,j=1,,m,
(33)

depending on the parameters ξ and q.

We denote by λ j + ( ξ ,q) the roots of A( ξ ,λ,q) with positive imaginary part and we set

A + ( ξ , λ , q ) = j = 1 m ( λ λ j + ( ξ , q ) ) = k = 0 m c k + ( ξ , q ) λ m k ,

where the coefficients c k + ( ξ ,q) are analytic functions of ξ R n 1 and ξ ,q0, and they are homogeneous of degree k. Moreover, for every rectifiable Jordan curve γ in the complex plane which encircles all the roots λ j + (see [5]) we have

1 2 π i γ A m j 1 + ( ξ , λ , q ) A + ( ξ , λ , q ) λ k dλ= δ j k ,0jm1,0km1,
(34)

where A m j 1 + ( ξ ,λ,q) is defined as follows:

A m j 1 + ( ξ , λ , q ) = k = 0 m j 1 c k + ( ξ , q ) λ m j 1 k .

Condition II For | ξ |+|q|0, qQ and ξ R n 1 , the polynomials

B 1 ( ξ , λ , q ) , B 2 ( ξ , λ , q ) ,, B m ( ξ , λ , q )
(35)

in λ are linearly independent modulo

A + ( ξ , λ , q ) = j = 1 m ( λ λ j + ( ξ , q ) ) .

Let

B j ( ξ , λ , q ) = Q j A + ( ξ , λ , q ) + B j ( ξ , λ , q ) .

Condition II is equivalent to the fact that, if B j is given by

B j (ξ,q)= k = 0 m 1 b j k ( ξ , q ) λ k ,

the determinant of the matrix { b j k } is not equal to zero for all ξ R n 1 such that | ξ |+|q|0, qQ (see [5]).

For q=0 this condition is the same as the Shapiro-Lopatinskii condition.

Proposition 3 Assume that Condition I holds. Then Condition II is equivalent to the fact that problem (32)-(33) admits a solution belonging to S( R + ;E), for all h j E, j=1,,m1.

Proof Assume that Condition II is satisfied and let h i : R n 1 ×CE, i=0,,m1, be m given E-valued functions and ξ (0) R n . Then, since the determinant of the matrix { b i j } i , j = 0 m 1 does not vanish, the system

j = 0 m 1 b i j ( ξ , q ) v j ( ξ , q ) = h i ,i=0,,m1,

has unique E-valued solutions { v j ( ξ , q ) } j = 0 m 1 which depend on ξ and q. We set, in a similar way to [5],

u ( ξ , x n , q ) = 1 2 π i γ j = 0 m 1 v j ( ξ , q ) M m j 1 + ( ξ , λ , q ) M + ( ξ , λ , q ) e i x n λ dλ,

where γ is a rectifiable Jordan curve which encircles the roots λ k + ( ξ ,q) of A( ξ ,λ,q) (see [5], p.130). Here, the function u( ξ , x n ,q) is also an E-valued function, and it satisfies (32); furthermore, in a similar way to [5], we find that it also satisfies the boundary conditions (33).

Hence, u is a unique solution of (32)-(33). □

Theorem 6 Suppose that Conditions I and II are satisfied. Let l be an integer greater than 2m and 1<p<. Assume E is a UMD-space. Then, with a non-vanishing qQ, for any functions f W l 2 m , p ( R + n ;E) and g j B p , p l m j 1 p ( R n 1 ;E) there is a unique solution u W l , p ( R + n ;E) of problem (28)-(29). In addition, for |q| q 0 >0 the following uniformly coercive estimate holds:

u W l , p C { f W l 2 m , p + j = 1 m g j B p , p l m j 1 p } ,
(36)

where the constant C does not depend on q or u.

Proof Let T be the extension operator from W l , p ( R + n ;E) to W l , p ( R n ;E). By the extension theorem (Theorem 2), T is a bounded linear operator from W l , p ( R + n ;E) to W l , p ( R n ;E). First, we consider the equation

A(D,q) u ˜ =Tf,x R n .
(37)

By using the Fourier transformation, we find that (37) has a solution expressed as

u ˜ = F 1 A 1 (ξ,q)F(Tf).
(38)

The following estimate holds:

u ˜ W l , p ( R n ; E ) C 1 Tf W l 2 m , p ( R n ; E ) .
(39)

By Theorem 5, this solution belongs to W l , p ( R n ;E); so its restriction u 0 = u ˜ | R + n belongs to W l , p ( R + n ;E).

Then the following estimate holds:

u 0 W l , p ( R + n ; E ) C 2 f W l 2 m , p ( R + n ; E ) .
(40)

Now, we consider the problem

A(D,q) u 1 =0,x R + n ,
(41)
B j (D,q) u 1 | x n = 0 = g j g 0 j ,
(42)

where

g 0 j = B j (D,q) u 0 | x n = 0 ,j=1,,m
(43)

such that, by virtue of the trace theorem (Theorem 1), g 0 j B p , p l m j 1 p ( R n 1 ;E).

First, we have to show that problem (41)-(42) has a unique solution u 1 W l , p ( R + n ;E) and that the following estimate holds:

u 1 W l , p ( R + n ; E ) C 3 j = 1 m g j g j 0 B p , p l m j 1 p ( R n 1 ; E )
(44)

with a constant C 3 independent of q or of the functions considered. Then it is clear that u= u 0 + u 1 is a solution of (36), and by Proposition 2 and (40) the following estimate is satisfied:

g j 0 B p , p l m j 1 p C 4 u 0 B p , p l m j 1 p C 4 C 2 f W l 2 m , p .
(45)

Moreover, by using the trace theorem (Theorem 1) and estimate (45), we get

u W l , p u 0 W l , p + u 1 W l , p C 2 f W l 2 m , p + C 3 j = 1 m g j B p , p l m j 1 p + C 3 j = 1 m g j 0 B p , p l m j 1 p C 4 f W l 2 m , p + C 3 j = 1 m g j B p , p l m j 1 p

with constants C 2 , C 4 independent of q and u.

Thus, it suffices to prove that the problem

A(D,q)u(x)=0,x R + n ,
(46)
B j (D,q)u(x) | x n = 0 = g j (j=1,,m)
(47)

has a unique solution u W l , p ( R + n ;E) and that estimate (36) holds.

Applying the Fourier transformation with respect to x =( x 1 ,, x m ) to problem (46)-(47), we obtain

A ( ξ , D n , q ) F u=0,
(48)
B j ( ξ , D n , q ) F u | x n = 0 = F g j (j=1,,m).
(49)

Now we apply Proposition 3 to solve problem (48)-(49). We find that problem (48)-(49) has a solution u W l , p ( R + n ,E), and it is obvious that this solution is unique. This completes the proof of the theorem. □

5 Application

Let E= l q , where

l q = { u = { u k } k = 1 : ( k = 1 | u k | q ) 1 q = u l q < } .
(50)

Consider the BVP for a system of elliptic equations in R n

L k (x,D)u= | α | + β s a k α β q β D α u= f k ,k=1,,N,s,NN,x R n ,
(51)

where a k α β , k=1,,N, are complex coefficients.

Theorem 7 Let Condition I hold. Then for f k W l s , p ( R n ; l q ), p,q(1,) there is a unique solution u W l , p ( R n ; l q ) of problem (51) and the following coercive estimate holds:

u W l , p ( R n ; l q ) K 1 f W l s , p ( R n ; l q ) .

Now, consider the BVP for system of elliptic equations in R + n as follows:

{ L k ( x , D ) u = | α | + β 2 m a k α β q β D α u = f k , k = 1 , , N , N N , B k j u | x n = 0 = | α | + β m k j b k α β j q β D α u | x n = 0 = g k j , x R + n ,
(52)

where m k j 2m1, and a k α β and b k α β j are complex coefficients.

From Theorem 6 we obtain the following.

Theorem 8 Let Conditions I and II hold. Then for f k W l s , p ( R + n ; l q ), p,q(1,) and g k j B p , p l m k j 1 p ( R n 1 ; l q ), problem (52) has a unique solution u W l , p ( R + n ; l q ) and the uniform coercive estimate

u W l , p ( R + n ; l q ) K 2 { f W l 2 m , p ( R + n ; l q ) + j = 1 m b k j B p , p l m k j 1 p ( R n 1 ; l q ) }

holds.

References

  1. Amann H I. Linear and Quasi-Linear Parabolic Problems 1995.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Ashyralyev A: Coercive solvability of the elliptic equations in the spaces of the smooth functions. 2. Boundary Value Problem for the Nonclassical Equations of the Mathematical Physics 1989, 82–86.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Denk R, Hieber M, Prüss J: -Boundedness, Fourier multipliers and problems of elliptic and parabolic type. Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 2003., 166: Article ID 788

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kozhevnikov A, Yakubov S: On operators generated by elliptic boundary problems with a spectral parameter in boundary condition. Integral Equ. Oper. Theory 1995, 23: 205–231. 10.1007/BF01197537

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Lions JL, Magenes E: Non-Homogeneous Boundary Value Problems and Applications. Springer, Berlin; 1972.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Lions JL, Peetre J: Sur une classe d’espaces d’interpolation. Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 1964, 19: 5–68. 10.1007/BF02684796

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Shahmurov R: Solution of the Dirichlet and Neumann problems for a modified Helmholtz equation in Besov spaces on an annulus. J. Differ. Equ. 2010,249(3):526–550. 10.1016/j.jde.2010.03.029

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Shakhmurov VB: Embedding theorems and maximal regular differential operator equations in Banach-valued function spaces. J. Inequal. Appl. 2005, 4: 605–620.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Ragusa AM: Linear growth coefficients in quasilinear equations. Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 2007, 13: 605–617. 10.1007/s00030-006-4026-8

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Favini A, Shakhmurov VB, Yakubov Y: Regular boundary value problems for complete second order elliptic differential-operator equations in UMD Banach spaces. Semigroup Forum 2009,79(1):22–54. 10.1007/s00233-009-9138-0

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Shakhmurov VB: Maximal regular boundary value problems in Banach-valued weighted spaces. Bound. Value Probl. 2005,2005(1):9–42.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Agmon S, Douglis A, Nirenberg L: Estimate near the boundary for solutions of elliptic partial differential equations satisfying general boundary conditions. I. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 1959, 12: 623–727. 10.1002/cpa.3160120405

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Agmon S, Nirenberg L: Properties of solutions of ordinary differential equations in Banach spaces. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 1963, 16: 121–239. 10.1002/cpa.3160160204

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Agranovich MS, Vishik MI: Elliptic problem with a parameter and parabolic problems of general type. Russ. Math. Surv. 1964,19(3):53–161. 10.1070/RM1964v019n03ABEH001149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Auscher P, Qafsaoui M: Equivalence between regularity theorems and heat kernel estimates for higher order elliptic operators and systems under divergence form. J. Funct. Anal. 2000, 177: 310–364. 10.1006/jfan.2000.3643

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Calderon AP: Intermediate spaces and interpolation, the complex method. Stud. Math. 1964, 24: 113–190.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Triebel H: Interpolation Theory, Function Spaces, Differential Operators. North-Holland, Amsterdam; 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Agmon S: On the eigenfunctions and on the eigenvalues of general elliptic boundary value problems. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 1962, 16: 119–147.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Hörmander L: On the regularity of the solutions of boundary problems. Acta Math. 1958, 99: 226–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. McConnell TR: On Fourier multiplier transformations of Banach-valued functions. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 1984,285(2):739–757. 10.1090/S0002-9947-1984-0752501-X

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Asuman Ozer.

Additional information

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

The ideas and methods in this paper have been consulted by VBS for accuracy and appropriateness. The paper is written by AO. Calculations and proof have been conducted by AO. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ozer, A., Shakhmurov, V.B. Maximal regularity properties of Agranovich-Vishik type abstract elliptic operators in the half-plane. J Inequal Appl 2014, 233 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-233

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-233

Keywords