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Some inequalities for (h,m)-convex functions

Abstract

In the paper, the authors give some inequalities of Jensen type and Popoviciu type for (h,m)-convex functions and apply these inequalities to special means.

MSC: 26A51, 26D15, 26E60.

1 Introduction

The following definition is well known in the literature.

Definition 1 A function f:I⊆R=(−∞,∞)→R is said to be convex if

f ( t x + ( 1 − t ) y ) ≤tf(x)+(1−t)f(y)
(1)

holds for all x,y∈I and t∈[0,1].

We cite the following inequalities for convex functions.

Theorem 1 ([[1], p.6])

If f is a convex function on I and x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ∈I, then

f ( x 1 ) + f ( x 2 ) + f ( x 3 ) + f ( x 1 + x 2 + x 3 3 ) ≥ 4 3 [ f ( x 1 + x 2 2 ) + f ( x 2 + x 3 2 ) + f ( x 3 + x 1 2 ) ] .
(2)

Theorem 2 ([[2], Popoviciu inequality])

If f is a convex function on I and x 1 , x 2 ,…, x n ∈I with n≥3, then

∑ i = 1 n f( x i )+ n n − 2 f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 2 n − 2 ∑ i < j f ( x i + x j 2 ) .
(3)

Theorem 3 ([[2], Generalized Popoviciu inequality])

If f is a convex function on I and a 1 , a 2 ,…, a n ∈I for n≥3, then

(n−1) ∑ i = 1 n f( b i )≤n(n−2)f(a)+ ∑ i = 1 n f( a i ),
(4)

where a= 1 n ∑ i = 1 n a i and b i = n a − a i n − 1 for i=1,2,…,n.

The above inequalities were generalized as follows.

Theorem 4 ([3])

If f is a convex function on I and x 1 , x 2 ,…, x n ∈I for n≥3, then

∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ k = 1 n x k ) ≥ n − 1 n ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i + x i + 1 2 )
(5)

and

(n−1) ∑ i = 1 n f( b i )≤n [ ∑ i = 1 n f ( a i ) − f ( a ) ] ,
(6)

where x n + 1 = x 1 , a= 1 n ∑ i = 1 n a i , and b i = n a − a i n − 1 for i=1,2,…,n.

Definition 2 ([4])

Let s∈(0,1]. A function f: R 0 =[0,∞)→ R 0 is said to be s-convex in the second sense if

f ( λ x + ( 1 − λ ) y ) ≤ λ s f(x)+ ( 1 − λ ) s f(y)
(7)

holds for all x,y∈I and λ∈[0,1].

The following inequalities for s-convex functions were established.

Theorem 5 ([[5], Theorem 4.2])

If f is nonnegative and s-convex in the second sense on I and if x 1 , x 2 ,…, x n ∈I for n≥3, then

∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 2 s − 1 ( n s − 1 ) n ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i + x i + 1 2 ) ,
(8)

where x 1 = x n + 1 .

Theorem 6 ([[5], Theorem 4.4])

If f is nonnegative and s-convex in the second sense on I and a 1 , a 2 ,…, a n ∈I for n≥3, then

( n s − 1 ) ∑ i = 1 n b i ≤ n s [ ∑ i = 1 n f ( a i ) − f ( a ) ] ,
(9)

where a= 1 n ∑ i = 1 n a i and b i = n a − a i n − 1 for i=1,2,…,n.

The concept of h-convex functions below was innovated as follows.

Definition 3 ([[6], Definition 4])

Let I,J⊆R be intervals, (0,1)⊆J, and h:J→ R 0 be a nonnegative function. A function f:I→ R 0 is called h-convex, or as we say, f belongs to the class SX(h,I), if f is nonnegative and

f ( t x + ( 1 − t ) y ) ≤h(t)f(x)+h(1−t)f(y)
(10)

for all x,y∈I and t∈[0,1].

Definition 4 ([[6], Section 3])

A function h:J⊆R is said to be a super-multiplicative on an interval J if

h(xy)≥h(x)h(y)
(11)

is valid for all x,y∈J. If the inequality (11) reverses, then f is said to be a sub-multiplicative function on J.

The following inequalities were established for f∈SX(h,I).

Theorem 7 ([[7], Theorem 6])

Let w 1 ,…, w n for n≥2 be positive real numbers. If h is a nonnegative and super-multiplicative function and if f∈SX(h,I) and x 1 ,…, x n ∈I, then

f ( 1 W n ∑ i = 1 n w i x i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 n h ( w i W n ) f( x i ),
(12)

where W n = ∑ i = 1 n w i . If h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SV(h,I), then the inequality (12) is reversed.

Theorem 8 ([[8], Theorem 11])

Let h be a nonnegative and super-multiplicative function. If f∈SX(h,I) and x 1 ,…, x n ∈I, then

∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) 2 h ( 1 / 2 ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i + x i + 1 2 ) ,
(13)

where x n + 1 = x 1 . The inequality (13) is reversed if f∈SV(h,I).

Theorem 9 ([[8], Theorem 12])

Let h be a nonnegative and super-multiplicative function. If f∈SX(h,I) and x 1 ,…, x n ∈I, then

[ 1 − h ( 1 n ) ] ∑ i = 1 n f( b i )≤(n−1)h ( 1 n − 1 ) [ ∑ i = 1 n f ( a i ) − f ( a ) ] ,
(14)

where a= 1 n ∑ i = 1 n a i and b i = n a − a i n − 1 for i=1,2,…,n and n≥3. The inequality (14) is reversed if f∈SV(h,I).

Two new kinds of convex functions were introduced as follows.

Definition 5 ([9])

For f:[0,b]→R and m∈(0,1], if

f ( t x + m ( 1 − t ) y ) ≤tf(x)+m(1−t)f(y)
(15)

is valid for all x,y∈[0,b] and t∈[0,1], then we say that f(x) is an m-convex function on [0,b].

Definition 6 ([10])

Let J⊆R be an interval, (0,1)⊆J, h:J→R be a nonnegative function. We say that f:[0,b]→R is an (h,m)-convex function, or say, f belongs to the class SMX((h,m),[0,b]), if f is nonnegative and, for all x,y∈[0,b] and t∈[0,1] and for some m∈(0,1], we have

f ( t x + m ( 1 − t ) y ) ≤h(t)f(x)+mh(1−t)f(y).
(16)

If the inequality (16) is reversed, then f is said to be (h,m)-concave and denoted by f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]).

Recently the h- and (h,m)-convex functions were generalized and some properties and inequalities for them were obtained in [11, 12].

The aim of this paper is to find some inequalities of Jensen type and Popoviciu type for (h,m)-convex functions.

2 Inequalities of Jensen type and Popoviciu type

Now we are in a position to establish some inequalities of Jensen type and Popoviciu type for (h,m)-convex functions.

Theorem 10 Let h:[0,1]→ R 0 be a super-multiplicative function and m∈(0,1]. If f∈SMX((h,m),[0,b]), then for all x i ∈[0,b] and w i >0 with i=1,2,…,n and n≥2, we have

f ( 1 W n ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 w i x i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 h ( w i W n ) f( x i ),
(17)

where W n = ∑ i = 1 n w i .

If h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequality (17) is reversed.

Proof Assume that w i ′ = w i W n for i=1,2,…,n.

When n=2, taking t= w 1 ′ and 1−t= w 2 ′ in Definition 6 gives the inequality (17) clearly.

Suppose that the inequality (17) holds for n=k, i.e.,

f ( ∑ i = 1 k m i − 1 w i ′ x i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 k m i − 1 h ( w i ′ ) f( x i ).
(18)

When n=k+1, letting Δ k = ∑ i = 2 k + 1 w i ′ and making use of (18) result in

f ( ∑ i = 1 k + 1 m i − 1 w i ′ x i ) = f ( w 1 ′ x 1 + m Δ k ∑ i = 2 k + 1 m i − 2 w i ′ Δ k x i ) ≤ h ( w 1 ′ ) f ( x 1 ) + m h ( Δ k ) f ( ∑ i = 2 k + 1 m i − 2 w i ′ Δ k x i ) ≤ h ( w 1 ′ ) f ( x 1 ) + m h ( Δ k ) ∑ i = 2 k + 1 m i − 2 h ( w i ′ Δ k ) f ( x i ) .

Since h is a super-multiplicative function, it follows that

h( Δ k )h ( w i ′ Δ k ) ≤h ( w i ′ )

for i=1,2,…,n. Namely, when n=k+1, the inequality (17) holds. By induction, Theorem 10 is proved. □

Corollary 1 Under the conditions of Theorem  10,

  1. 1.

    if W n =1, we have

    f ( ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 w i x i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 h( w i )f( x i );
    (19)
  2. 2.

    if w 1 = w 2 =⋯= w n , we have

    f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 w i x i ) ≤h ( 1 n ) ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 f( x i );
    (20)
  3. 3.

    if h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequalities (19) and (20) are reversed.

Corollary 2 For m∈(0,1] and s∈(0,1], the assertion f∈SMX(( t s ,m),[0,b]) is valid if and only if for all x i ∈[0,b] and w i >0 with i=1,2,…,n and n≥2

f ( 1 W n ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 x i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 ( w i W n ) s f( x i ),
(21)

where W n = ∑ i = 1 n w i .

Corollary 3 Under the conditions of Corollary  1, if h(t)= t s for s∈(0,1], then

f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 x i ) ≤ 1 n s ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 f( x i ).
(22)

If f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequality (22) is reversed.

Theorem 11 Let h:[0,1]→ R 0 be a super-multiplicative function, m∈(0,1], and n≥2. If f∈SMX((h,m),[0, b m n − 1 ]), then for all x i ∈[0,b] and w i >0 with i=1,2,…,n,

f ( 1 W n ∑ i = 1 n w i x i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 h ( w i W n ) f ( x i m i − 1 ) ,
(23)

where W n = ∑ i = 1 n w i .

If h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SMV((h,m),[0, b m n − 1 ]), then the inequality (23) is reversed.

Proof Putting y i = x i m i − 1 for i=1,2,…,n, then from inequality (17), we have

f ( 1 W n ∑ i = 1 n w i x i ) = f ( 1 W n ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 w i y i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 h ( w i W n ) f ( y i ) = ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 h ( w i W n ) f ( x i m i − 1 ) .

The proof of Theorem 11 is complete. □

Corollary 4 For m∈(0,1], s∈(0,1], and n≥2, the assertion f∈SMX(( t s ,m),[0, b m n − 1 ]) is valid if and only if for all x i ∈[0,b] and w i >0 with i=1,2,…,n the inequality

f ( 1 W n ∑ i = 1 n w i x i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 ( w i W n ) s f ( x i m i − 1 )
(24)

is valid, where W n = ∑ i = 1 n w i .

Corollary 5 Under the conditions of Theorem  11,

  1. 1.

    if W n =1, then

    f ( ∑ i = 1 n w i x i ) ≤ ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 h( w i )f ( x i m i − 1 ) ;
    (25)
  2. 2.

    if w 1 = w 2 =⋯= w n , then

    f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≤h ( 1 n ) ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 f ( x i m i − 1 ) ;
    (26)
  3. 3.

    if h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SMV((h,m),[0, b m n − 1 ]), then the inequalities (25) and (26) are reversed.

Corollary 6 Under the conditions of Corollary  5,

  1. 1.

    if h(t)= t s for s∈(0,1], then

    f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≤ 1 n s ∑ i = 1 n m i − 1 f ( x i m i − 1 ) ;
    (27)
  2. 2.

    if f∈SMV((h,m),[0, b m n − 1 ]), then the inequality (27) is reversed.

Theorem 12 Let h:[0,1]→[0,1] be a super-multiplicative function and let m∈(0,1] and n≥3. If f∈SMX((h,m),[0,b]), then for all x i ∈[0,b] with i=1,2,…,n and 2≤k≤n, we have

∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) − ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) h ( 1 / k ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ,
(28)

where x n + 1 = x 1 , …, x 2 n − 1 = x n − 1 .

If h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequality (28) is reversed.

Proof By using the inequality (20), we have

∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ≤h ( 1 k ) ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i f( x j )=h ( 1 k ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )
(29)

and

∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ≤ h ( 1 n ) ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i f ( x j ) = h ( 1 n ) ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) .
(30)

If h( 1 n )=1, then, from the inequality (30), the inequality (28) holds. If h( 1 n )≤1, it is easy to see that

∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ≤ h ( 1 k ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) = h ( 1 / k ) 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) [ ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) − h ( 1 n ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) ] ≤ h ( 1 / k ) 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) [ ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) − ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ] .

The proof of Theorem 12 is complete. □

Corollary 7 Under the conditions of Theorem  12, let x ¯ n = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i .

  1. 1.

    When m=1, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) k h ( 1 / k ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 x j ) .
    (31)
  2. 2.

    When m=1 and k=2, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) 2 h ( 1 / 2 ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i + x i + 1 2 ) .
    (32)
  3. 3.

    When m=1 and k=n−1, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( n − 1 ) h ( 1 / ( n − 1 ) ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( n x ¯ n − x i n − 1 ) .
    (33)
  4. 4.

    If h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequalities (31) to (33) are reversed.

Remark 1 The inequality (14) can be deduced from applying (33) to a i = x i for i=1,2,…,n, a= 1 n ∑ i = 1 n a i , and b i = n a − a i n − 1 for i=1,2,…,n.

Corollary 8 Under the conditions of Theorem  12,

  1. 1.

    if h(t)= t s for s∈(0,1], then

    ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) − ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ≥ k s ( n s − 1 ) n s ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ;
    (34)
  2. 2.

    if h(t)= t s for s∈(0,1] and m=1, then

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ k s − 1 ( n s − 1 ) n s ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 x j ) ;
    (35)
  3. 3.

    if h(t)=t and m=1, then

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ n − 1 n ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 x j ) ;
    (36)
  4. 4.

    if f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequalities (34) to (36) are reversed.

Theorem 13 Let h:[0,1]→[0,1] be a super-multiplicative function and let m∈(0,1] and n≥3. If f∈SMX((h,m),[0, b m n − 1 ]), then for all x i ∈[0,b] with i=1,2,…,n and 2≤k≤n and for ℓ 1 ,…, ℓ k ∈N, we have

∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) − ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) h ( 1 / k ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ∑ i = 1 k f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x ℓ j ) ,
(37)

where ℓ k + 1 = ℓ 1 , …, ℓ 2 k − 1 = ℓ k − 1 .

If h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequality (37) is reversed.

Proof By the inequality (20), we have

∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ∑ i = 1 k f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x ℓ j ) ≤ h ( 1 k ) ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ∑ i = 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i f ( x ℓ j ) = h ( 1 k ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ∑ i = 1 k f ( x ℓ j ) = ( n − 1 k − 1 ) h ( 1 k ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) .
(38)

If h( 1 n )=1, then, from the inequality (30), the inequality (28) holds. If h( 1 n )≤1, using (38) and (30), we have

∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ∑ i = 1 k f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x ℓ j ) ≤ ( n − 1 k − 1 ) h ( 1 k ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) = ( n − 1 k − 1 ) h ( 1 / k ) 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) [ ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) − h ( 1 n ) ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) ] ≤ ( n − 1 k − 1 ) h ( 1 / k ) 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) [ ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) − ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ] .

The proof of Theorem 13 is complete. □

Corollary 9 Under the conditions of Theorem  13, let x ¯ n = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i .

  1. 1.

    When m=1, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) h ( 1 / k ) ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n f ( 1 k ∑ j = 1 k x ℓ j ) .
    (39)
  2. 2.

    When m=1 and k=2, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( n − 1 ) h ( 1 / 2 ) ∑ 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n f ( x i + x j 2 ) .
    (40)
  3. 3.

    When m=1 and k=n−1, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ 1 − h ( 1 / n ) ( n − 1 ) h ( 1 / ( n − 1 ) ) ∑ i = 1 n ( n x ¯ n − x i n − 1 ) .
    (41)
  4. 4.

    If h is sub-multiplicative and f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequalities (39) to (41) are reversed.

Corollary 10 Under the conditions of Theorem  13,

  1. 1.

    if h(t)= t s for s∈(0,1], then

    ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) − ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n f ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) ≥ k s ( n s − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n s ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ∑ i = 1 k f ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x ℓ j ) ;
    (42)
  2. 2.

    if m=1 and h(t)= t s for s∈(0,1], we have

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ k s ( n s − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n s ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n f ( 1 k ∑ j = 1 k x ℓ j ) ;
    (43)
  3. 3.

    if m=1 and h(t)=t, then

    ∑ i = 1 n f( x i )−f ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) ≥ k ( n − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n f ( 1 k ∑ j = 1 k x ℓ j ) ;
    (44)
  4. 4.

    if f∈SMV((h,m),[0,b]), then the inequalities (42) to (44) are reversed.

3 Applications to means

In what follows we will apply the theorems and corollaries in the above section to establish inequalities for some special means.

For r∈R, r≠0, and m,s∈(0,1], let f(x)= x r for x∈ R + and h(t)= t s for t∈[0,1]. Then

  1. 1.

    if r≥1 and 0<m≤1, or if r<0 and m=1, we have

    ( t x + m ( 1 − t ) y ) r ≤t x r +(1−t) ( m y ) r ≤ t s x r +m ( 1 − t ) s y r

for x,y∈ R + ;

  1. 2.

    if 0<r≤1, 0<m≤1, and s=1, we have

    ( t x + m ( 1 − t ) y ) r ≥t x r +(1−t) ( m y ) r ≥t x r +m(1−t) y r

for x,y∈ R + .

Using Definition 6 yields the following:

  1. 1.

    if r≥1 and 0<m≤1, or if r<0 and m=1, the function f(x)= x r ∈SMX(( t s ,m), R + );

  2. 2.

    if 0<r≤1, 0<m≤1, and s=1, the function f(x)= x r ∈SMV((t,m), R + ).

By virtue of Corollary 10, we obtain the following results.

Theorem 14 Let n≥3 and x i ∈ R + for i=1,2,…,n, let r∈R with r≠0 and m,s∈(0,1], and let ℓ 1 ,…, ℓ k ∈N for 2≤k≤n and ℓ k + 1 = ℓ 1 , …, ℓ 2 k − 1 = ℓ k − 1 .

  1. 1.

    If r≥1 and 0<m≤1, or if r<0 and m=1, then we have

    ∑ i = 1 n x i r − ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) r ≥ k s ( n s − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n s ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ∑ i = 1 k ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x ℓ j ) r ;
    (45)
  2. 2.

    if r≥1 or r<0 and if m=1, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n x i r − ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) r ≥ k s ( n s − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n s ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ( 1 k ∑ j = 1 k x ℓ j ) r ;
    (46)
  3. 3.

    if r≥1 or r<0 and if m=s=1, then

    ∑ i = 1 n x i r − ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) r ≥ k ( n − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ( 1 k ∑ j = 1 k x ℓ j ) r ;
    (47)
  4. 4.

    if 0<r≤1, 0<m≤1, and s=1, then the inequality (47) are reversed.

Corollary 11 Under the conditions of Theorem  14, when â„“ k + 1 = â„“ 1 , …, â„“ 2 k − 1 = â„“ k − 1 , we have the following conclusions.

  1. 1.

    If r=2, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n x i 2 − ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ i = 1 n ( 1 n ∑ j = i n + i − 1 m j − i x j ) 2 ≥ k s ( n s − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n s ( ∑ j = 0 k − 1 m j ) − 1 ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ∑ i = 1 k ( 1 k ∑ j = i k + i − 1 m j − i x ℓ j ) 2 ;
    (48)
  2. 2.

    if r=2 and m=1, we have

    ∑ i = 1 n x i 2 − ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) 2 ≥ k s ( n s − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n s ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ( 1 k ∑ j = 1 k x ℓ j ) 2 ;
    (49)
  3. 3.

    if r=2 and m=s=1, then

    ∑ i = 1 n x i 2 − ( 1 n ∑ i = 1 n x i ) 2 ≥ k ( n − 1 ) ( n − 1 k − 1 ) n ∑ 1 ≤ ℓ 1 < ⋯ < ℓ k ≤ n ( 1 k ∑ j = 1 k x ℓ j ) 2 .
    (50)

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate anonymous referees for their valuable comments on and careful corrections to the original version of this paper. This work was partially supported by the NNSF under Grant No. 11361038 of China and by the Foundation of the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under Grant No. NJZY13159, China.

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Xi, BY., Wang, SH. & Qi, F. Some inequalities for (h,m)-convex functions. J Inequal Appl 2014, 100 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-100

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