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Some statistical approximation properties of Kantorovich-type q-Bernstein-Stancu operators

Abstract

In this paper two kinds of Kantorovich-type q-Bernstein-Stancu operators are introduced, and the statistical approximation properties of these operators are investigated. Furthermore, by means of modulus of continuity, the rates of statistical convergence of these operators are also studied.

MSC:41A10, 41A25, 41A36.

1 Introduction

In 1997, Phillips [1] introduced and studied q analogue of Bernstein polynomials. During the last decade, the applications of q-calculus in the approximation theory have become one of the main area of research, q-calculus has been extensively used for constructing various generalizations of many classical approximation processes. It is well known that many q-extensions of the classical objects arising in the approximation theory have been recently introduced and studied (e.g., see [28]). Recently the statistical approximation properties have also been investigated for q-analogue polynomials. For instance, in [9] Kantorovich-type q-Bernstein operators; in [10]q-Baskakov-Kantorovich operators; in [11] Kantorovich-type q-Szász-Mirakjan operators; in [12]q-Bleimann, Butzer and Hahn operators; in [13]q-analogue of MKZ operators were introduced and their statistical approximation properties were studied.

The goal of this paper is to introduce two kinds of new Kantorovich-type q-Bernstein-Stancu operators and to study the statistical approximation properties of these operators with the help of the Korovkin-type approximation theorem. We also estimate the rate of statistical convergence of the mentioned sequences of operators to the appropriate function f, respectively.

Before proceeding further, let us give some basic definitions and notations from q-calculus. Details on q-integers can be found in [14, 15].

Let q>0, for each nonnegative integer k, the q-integer [ k ] q and the q-factorial [ k ] q ! are defined by

[ k ] q := { ( 1 q k ) / ( 1 q ) , q 1 , k , q = 1

and

[ k ] q !:= { [ k ] q [ k 1 ] q [ 1 ] q , k 1 , 1 , k = 0 ,

respectively.

Then for q>0 and integers n, k, nk0, we have

[ k + 1 ] q =1+q [ k ] q and [ k ] q + q k [ n k ] q = [ n ] q .

For the integers n, k, nk0, the q-binomial coefficient is defined by

[ n k ] q := [ n ] q ! [ k ] q ! [ n k ] q ! .

For an arbitrary function f(x), the q-differential is given by

d q f(x)=f(qx)f(x).

The q-Jackson integral in the interval [0,b] is defined as

0 b f(t) d q t=(1q)b j = 0 f ( q j b ) q j ,0<q<1,

provided that sums converge absolutely.

Suppose 0<a<b. The q-Jackson integral in a generic interval [a,b] is defined as

a b f(t) d q t= 0 b f(t) d q t 0 a f(t) d q t,0<q<1.

2 Construction of the operators

In this part, we first construct the Kantorovich-type q-Bernstein-Stancu operators as follows.

Definition 1 Let f be a q-integrable function on [0,1], for 0αβ, x[0,1], nN, 0<q<1, we define the Kantorovich-type q-Bernstein-Stancu operators by

S n , q ( α , β ) (f;x)= ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) k = 0 n q k p n , k (q;x) [ k ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β [ k + 1 ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β f(t) d q t,
(1)

where

p n , k (q;x)= [ n k ] q x k s = 0 n k 1 ( 1 q s x ) = [ n k ] q x k ( 1 x ) q n k .

In the following we give some lemmas.

Lemma 1 For S n , q ( α , β ) ( t i ;x), i=0,1,2, 0<q<1, we have

S n , q ( α , β ) (1;x)=1,
(2)
S n , q ( α , β ) (t;x)= [ n ] q [ n + 1 ] q + β x+ 1 + 2 α [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) ,
(3)
S n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) = q [ n ] q [ n 1 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 x 2 + ( 2 + 3 q + q 2 + 3 α + 3 α q ) [ n ] q [ 3 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 x S n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) = + 1 + 3 α + 3 α 2 [ 3 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 .
(4)

Proof For i=0, since k = 0 n p n , k (q;x)=1, [ k ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β [ k + 1 ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β d q t= q k [ n + 1 ] q + β , so Eq. (2) holds.

For i=1,

S n , q ( α , β ) ( t ; x ) = ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) k = 0 n q k p n , k ( q ; x ) [ k ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β [ k + 1 ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β t d q t = k = 0 n p n , k ( q ; x ) 1 + 2 α + [ 2 ] q [ k ] q [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) = [ n ] q [ n + 1 ] q + β x + 1 + 2 α [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) .

For i=2,

S n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) = ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) k = 0 n q k p n , k ( q ; x ) [ k ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β [ k + 1 ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β t 2 d q t = [ n ] q [ 3 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 × k = 0 n p n , k ( q ; x ) 1 + 3 α + 3 α 2 + ( 1 + 2 q + 3 α [ 2 ] q ) [ k ] q + [ 3 ] q [ k ] q 2 [ n ] q = q [ n ] q [ n 1 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 x 2 + ( 2 + 3 q + q 2 + 3 α + 3 α q ) [ n ] q [ 3 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 x + 1 + 3 α + 3 α 2 [ 3 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 .

 □

Lemma 2 For nN, x[0,1], 0<q<1, 0αβ, we have

S n , q ( α , β ) ( ( t x ) 2 ; x ) 13 ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q + β ( 1 4 + 1 [ n + 1 ] q + β ) .

Proof In view of Lemma 1 and max x [ 0 , 1 ] x(1x)= 1 4 , by a simple computation, we have

S n , q ( α , β ) ( ( t x ) 2 ; x ) = S n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) 2 x S n , q ( α , β ) ( t ; x ) + x 2 S n , q ( α , β ) ( 1 ; x ) = 1 + 3 α + 3 α 2 [ 3 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 + x [ 2 ] q [ 3 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 × [ [ 2 ] q ( 2 + 3 q + q 2 + 3 α + 3 α q ) [ n ] q 2 ( 1 + 2 α ) [ 3 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) ] + q [ n ] q [ n 1 ] q 2 [ n ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) + ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 x 2 13 ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q + β ( x ( 1 x ) + 1 [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 13 ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q + β ( 1 4 + 1 [ n + 1 ] q + β ) .

 □

Lemma 3 ([9])

Let 0a<b, 0<q<1, and let f be a positive function defined on the interval [0,b]. If f is monotone increasing on [0,b], then a b f(t) d q t0 in this interval.

It is clear that the operator S n , q ( α , β ) (f;x) is a linear and positive operator for any monotone increasing function f[0,1].

Remark 1 To guarantee the positivity of S n , q ( α , β ) (f;x), f must be a monotone increasing function on the interval [0,1]. But for the function f this condition is strong. In order to solve the problems, a special type of q-integral, which is the Riemann-type q-integral, is defined by Marinković et al. [16].

Definition 2 ([16])

Let 0<a<b, 0<q<1. The Riemann-type q-integral is defined as

R q (f;a,b)= a b f(t) d q R t=(1q)(ba) j = 0 f ( a + ( b a ) q j ) q j ,
(5)

provided the sums converge absolutely.

We now redefine S n , q ( α , β ) (f;x) by putting the Riemann-type q-integral into the operators instead of the general q-integral as

S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) (f;x)= ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) k = 0 n q k p n , k (q;x) [ k ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β [ k + 1 ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β f(t) d q R t,
(6)

where f is a Riemann-type q-integrable function on [0,1].

Let us give some lemmas as follows.

Lemma 4 Let 0<q<1, 0αβ, then { S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) (f;x)} is a linear and positive operator.

Proof The proof is clear, so we omit it. □

Lemma 5 For S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( t i ;x), i=0,1,2, 0<q<1, 0αβ, we have

S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) (1;x)=1,
(7)
S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) (t;x)= 2 q [ n ] q [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) x+ 1 + [ 2 ] q α [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) ,
(8)
S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) = q [ n ] q [ n 1 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 + 2 ( q 1 ) [ 2 ] q + ( q 1 ) 2 [ 3 ] q ) x 2 S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) = + [ n ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 + 2 α + 2 ( q 1 ) ( 1 + α ) [ 2 ] q + 2 [ 2 ] q S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) = + 2 ( q 1 ) [ 3 ] q + ( q 1 ) 2 [ 3 ] q ) x + 1 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 [ 3 ] q + 2 α [ 2 ] q + α 2 ) .
(9)

Proof By Definition 2, we have

[ k ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β [ k + 1 ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β d q R t= q k [ n + 1 ] q + β ,
(10)
[ k ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β [ k + 1 ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β t d q R t= 1 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 { q k ( [ k ] q + α ) + q 2 k [ 2 ] q } ,
(11)
[ k ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β [ k + 1 ] q + α [ n + 1 ] q + β t 2 d q R t= 1 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 3 { q k ( [ k ] q + α ) 2 + 2 q 2 k [ 2 ] q ( [ k ] q + α ) + q 3 k [ 3 ] q } .
(12)

Hence, by using the equality k = 0 n p n , k (q;x)=1 and Eq. (10), we get

S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) (1;x)=1.

By using Eq. (11) and the equality q k =(q1) [ k ] q +1, we have

S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( t ; x ) = 1 [ n + 1 ] q + β k = 0 n p n , k ( q ; x ) { [ k ] q + α + ( q 1 ) [ k ] q + 1 [ 2 ] q } = 2 q [ n ] q [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) x + 1 + [ 2 ] q α [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) .

By using Eq. (12) and the equality q k =(q1) [ k ] q +1, we have

S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) = 1 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 k = 0 n p n , k ( q ; x ) { ( [ k ] q + α ) 2 + 2 q k [ 2 ] q ( [ k ] q + α ) + q 2 k [ 3 ] q } = [ n ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 k = 0 n p n , k ( q ; x ) [ n ] q { 1 [ 3 ] q + 2 α [ 2 ] q + α 2 + ( 2 α + 2 ( q 1 ) α [ 2 ] q + 2 [ 2 ] q + 2 ( q 1 ) [ 3 ] q ) [ k ] q + ( 1 + 2 ( q 1 ) [ 2 ] q + ( q 1 ) 2 [ 3 ] q ) [ k ] q 2 } = q [ n ] q [ n 1 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 + 2 ( q 1 ) [ 2 ] q + ( q 1 ) 2 [ 3 ] q ) x 2 + [ n ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 + 2 α + 2 ( q 1 ) ( 1 + α ) [ 2 ] q + 2 [ 2 ] q + 2 ( q 1 ) [ 3 ] q + ( q 1 ) 2 [ 3 ] q ) x + 1 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 [ 3 ] q + 2 α [ 2 ] q + α 2 ) .

 □

Lemma 6 For nN, x[0,1], 0<q<1, 0αβ, we have

S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( ( t x ) 2 ; x ) 2 ( 1 q ) 2 + 1 [ n + 1 ] q + β ( 3 + ( 1 + α ) 2 + ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q + β ) .

Proof In view of Lemma 5, by a simple computation, we have

S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( ( t x ) 2 ; x ) = S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( t 2 ; x ) 2 x S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( t ; x ) + x 2 S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( 1 ; x ) = [ q [ n ] q [ n 1 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 + 2 ( q 1 ) [ 2 ] q + ( q 1 ) 2 [ 3 ] q ) 4 q [ n ] q [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) + 1 ] x 2 + [ n ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 + 2 α + 2 ( q 1 ) ( 1 + α ) [ 2 ] q + 2 [ 2 ] q + 2 ( q 1 ) [ 3 ] q + ( q 1 ) 2 [ 3 ] q ) x 2 ( 1 + [ 2 ] q α ) [ 2 ] q ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) x + 1 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ( 1 [ 3 ] q + 2 α [ 2 ] q + α 2 ) ( 2 ( 1 q ) 2 + ( 1 + β ) 2 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 ) x 2 + 3 [ n + 1 ] q + β x + ( 1 + α ) 2 ( [ n + 1 ] q + β ) 2 2 ( 1 q ) 2 + 1 [ n + 1 ] q + β ( 3 + ( 1 + α ) 2 + ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q + β ) .

 □

3 Statistical approximation of Korovkin type

Now, let us recall the concept of statistical convergence which was introduced by Fast [17].

Let set KN and K n ={kn:kK}, the natural density of K is defined by δ(K):= lim n 1 n | K n | if the limit exists (see [18]), where | K n | denotes the cardinality of the set K n .

A sequence x={ x k } is called statistically convergent to a number L if for every ε>0, δ{kN:| x k L|ε}=0. This convergence is denoted as st- lim k x k =L.

Note that any convergent sequence is statistically convergent, but not conversely. Details can be found in [19].

In approximation theory, the concept of statistical convergence was used by Gadjiev and Orhan [20]. They proved the following Bohman-Korovkin type approximation theorem for statistical convergence.

Theorem 1 ([20])

If the sequence of linear positive operators A n :C[a,b]C[a,b] satisfies the conditions

st- lim n A n ( e υ ; ) e υ C [ a , b ] =0

for e υ (t)= t υ , υ=0,1,2. Then, for any fC[a,b],

st- lim n A n ( f ; ) f C [ a , b ] =0.

Theorem 2 Let q={ q n }, 0< q n <1, be a sequence satisfying the following condition

st- lim n q n =1,st- lim n q n n =a(a<1)andst- lim n 1 [ n ] q n =0,
(13)

then for any monotone increasing function fC[0,1], we have

st- lim n S n , q n ( α , β ) ( f ; ) f C [ 0 , 1 ] =0.

Proof From Theorem 1, it is enough to prove that st- lim n S n , q n ( α , β ) ( e υ ; ) e υ C [ 0 , 1 ] =0 for e υ (t)= t υ , υ=0,1,2.

From Eq. (2), we can easily get

st- lim n S n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 0 ; ) e 0 C [ 0 , 1 ] =0.
(14)

From Eq. (3), we have

S n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 1 ;x) e 1 (x)= ( [ n ] q n [ n + 1 ] q n + β 1 ) x+ 1 + 2 α [ 2 ] q n ( [ n + 1 ] q n + β ) .

In view of [ n + 1 ] q n =1+ q n [ n ] q n , for β>0 we have

S n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 1 ; ) e 1 C [ 0 , 1 ] (1 q n )+ ( 1 + β + 1 + 2 α [ 2 ] q n ) 1 [ n ] q n .
(15)

Now, for every given ε>0, let us define the following sets:

U = { k : S n , q k ( α , β ) ( e 1 ; ) e 1 C [ 0 , 1 ] ε } , U 1 = { k : 1 q k ε 2 } , U 2 = { k : ( 1 + β + 1 + 2 α [ 2 ] q k ) 1 [ k ] q k ε 2 } .

From inequality (15), one can see that U U 1 U 2 , so we have

δ { k n : S n , q k ( α , β ) ( e 1 ; ) e 1 C [ 0 , 1 ] ε } δ { k n : 1 q k ε 2 } + δ { k n : ( 1 + β + 1 + 2 α [ 2 ] q k ) 1 [ k ] q k ε 2 } .

By condition (13), it is clear that st- lim n (1 q n )=0, st- lim n (1+β+ 1 + 2 α [ 2 ] q n ) 1 [ n ] q n =0.

So we have

st- lim n S n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 1 ; ) e 1 C [ 0 , 1 ] =0.
(16)

In view of Eq. (4) and the equality [ n + 1 ] q n =1+ q n [ n ] q n , by a simple computation, for β>0 we have

S n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 2 ; ) e 2 C [ 0 , 1 ] 11 + 9 α + 3 α 2 + 4 β + β 2 [ n ] q n .

Now, for every given ε>0, let us define the following sets:

T = { k : S n , q k ( α , β ) ( e 2 ; ) e 2 C [ 0 , 1 ] ε } , T 1 = { k : 11 + 9 α + 3 α 2 + 4 β + β 2 [ k ] q k ε } .

It is clear that T T 1 , so we get

δ { k n : S n , q k ( α , β ) ( e 2 ; ) e 2 C [ 0 , 1 ] ε } δ { k n : 11 + 9 α + 3 α 2 + 4 β + β 2 [ k ] q k ε } .

By condition (13), we have

st- lim n 11 + 9 α + 3 α 2 + 4 β + β 2 [ n ] q n =0,

so, we can get

st- lim n S n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 2 ; ) e 2 C [ 0 , 1 ] =0.
(17)

In view of Eqs. (14), (16) and (17), the proof is complete. □

Theorem 3 Let q={ q n }, 0< q n <1, be a sequence satisfying condition (13), then for all fC[0,1], we have st- lim n S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( f ; ) f C [ 0 , 1 ] =0.

Proof From Theorem 1, it is enough to prove that st- lim n S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( e υ ; ) e υ C [ 0 , 1 ] =0, for e υ (t)= t υ , υ=0,1,2.

From Eq. (7), we can easily get

st- lim n S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 0 ; ) e 0 C [ 0 , 1 ] =0.
(18)

From Eq. (8), we have

S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 1 ;x) e 1 (x)= ( 2 q n [ n ] q n [ 2 ] q n ( [ n + 1 ] q n + β ) 1 ) x+ 1 + [ 2 ] q n α [ 2 ] q n ( [ n + 1 ] q n + β ) .

In view of [ n + 1 ] q n =1+ q n [ n ] q n , for β>0 we have

S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 1 ; ) e 1 C [ 0 , 1 ] (1 q n )+ [ ( 1 + q n ) ( 1 + β ) + 1 + [ 2 ] q n α ] 1 [ n ] q n .
(19)

Now, for every given ε>0, let us define the following sets:

U ˜ = { k : S ˜ n , q k ( α , β ) ( e 1 ; ) e 1 C [ 0 , 1 ] ε } , U ˜ 1 = { k : 1 q k ε 2 } , U ˜ 2 = { k : [ ( 1 + q k ) ( 1 + β ) + 1 + [ 2 ] q k α ] 1 [ k ] q k ε 2 } .

From inequality (19), one can see that U ˜ U ˜ 1 U ˜ 2 , so we have

δ { k n : S ˜ n , q k ( α , β ) ( e 1 ; ) e 1 C [ 0 , 1 ] ε } δ { k n : 1 q k ε 2 } + δ { k n : [ ( 1 + q k ) ( 1 + β ) + 1 + [ 2 ] q k α ] 1 [ k ] q k ε 2 } .

By condition (13), it is clear that

st- lim n (1 q n )=0,st- lim n [ ( 1 + q n ) ( 1 + β ) + 1 + [ 2 ] q n α ] 1 [ n ] q n =0.

So we have

st- lim n S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 1 ; ) e 1 C [ 0 , 1 ] =0.
(20)

In view of Eq. (9) and the equality [ n + 1 ] q n =1+ q n [ n ] q n , for β>0 and 0< q n <1, by a simple computation, we have

S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 2 ; ) e 2 C [ 0 , 1 ] 6(1 q n )+ 11 + 6 α + α 2 + 6 ( 1 + β ) ( 3 + β ) [ n ] q n .

Now, for every given ε>0, let us define the following sets:

T ˜ = { k : S ˜ n , q k ( α , β ) ( e 2 ; ) e 2 C [ 0 , 1 ] ε } , T ˜ 1 = { k : 6 ( 1 q k ) ε 2 } , T ˜ 2 = { k : 11 + 6 α + α 2 + 6 ( 1 + β ) ( 3 + β ) [ k ] q k ε 2 } .

It is clear that T ˜ T ˜ 1 T ˜ 2 , so we get

δ { k n : S ˜ n , q k ( α , β ) ( e 2 ; ) e 2 C [ 0 , 1 ] ε } δ { k n : 6 ( 1 q k ) ε 2 } + δ { k n : 11 + 6 α + α 2 + 6 ( 1 + β ) ( 3 + β ) [ k ] q k ε 2 } .

By condition (13), we have

st- lim n 6(1 q n )=0,st- lim n 11 + 6 α + α 2 + 6 ( 1 + β ) ( 3 + β ) [ n ] q n =0.

So, we can get

st- lim n S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( e 2 ; ) e 2 C [ 0 , 1 ] =0.
(21)

In view of Eqs. (18), (20) and (21), the proof is complete. □

4 Rates of statistical convergence

Let fC[0,1], for any δ>0, the usual modulus of continuity for f is defined as ω(f;δ)= sup 0 < h δ sup x , x + h [ 0 , 1 ] |f(x+h)f(x)|.

For fC[0,1] and any t,x[0,1], we have |f(t)f(x)|ω(f,|tx|), so for any δ>0, we get

ω ( f , | t x | ) { ω ( f , δ ) , | t x | < δ , ω ( f , ( t x ) 2 δ ) , | t x | δ .

In the light of ω(f;λδ)(1+λ)ω(f;δ) for λ>0, it is clear that we have

|f(t)f(x)| ( 1 + δ 2 ( t x ) 2 ) ω(f,δ)
(22)

for any t,x[0,1] and δ>0.

Next we will give the rates of convergence of both S n , q n ( α , β ) (f;x) and S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) (f;x) by means of modulus of continuity.

Theorem 4 Let q={ q n }, 0< q n <1 be a sequence satisfying condition (13), then for any monotone increasing function fC[0,1], we have

S n , q n ( α , β ) ( f ; ) f C [ 0 , 1 ] 2ω(f; δ n ),

where

δ n = { 13 ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q n + β ( 1 4 + 1 [ n + 1 ] q n + β ) } 1 / 2 .
(23)

Proof Using the linearity and positivity of the operator S n , q ( α , β ) (f;x), by Lemma 2 and inequality (22), we get

| S n , q ( α , β ) ( f ; x ) f ( x ) | S n , q ( α , β ) ( | f ( t ) f ( x ) | ; x ) ( 1 + δ 2 S n , q ( α , β ) ( ( t x ) 2 ; x ) ) ω ( f , δ ) [ 1 + δ 2 13 ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q + β ( 1 4 + 1 [ n + 1 ] q + β ) ] ω ( f , δ ) .

Take q={ q n }, 0< q n <1, to be a sequence satisfying condition (13) and choose δ= δ n in (23), we have | S n , q n ( α , β ) (f;x)f(x)|2ω(f; δ n ), which implies the proof is complete. □

Theorem 5 Let q={ q n }, 0< q n <1, be a sequence satisfying condition (13), then for any fC[0,1], we have S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) ( f ; ) f C [ 0 , 1 ] 2ω(f; δ n ), where

δ n = { 2 ( 1 q ) 2 + 1 [ n + 1 ] q n + β ( 3 + ( 1 + α ) 2 + ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q n + β ) } 1 / 2 .
(24)

Proof Using the linearity and positivity of the operator S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) (f;x), by Lemma 6 and inequality (22), we get

| S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( f ; x ) f ( x ) | S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( | f ( t ) f ( x ) | ; x ) ( 1 + δ 2 S ˜ n , q ( α , β ) ( ( t x ) 2 ; x ) ) ω ( f , δ ) { 1 + δ 2 [ 2 ( 1 q ) 2 + 1 [ n + 1 ] q + β ( 3 + ( 1 + α ) 2 + ( 1 + β ) 2 [ n + 1 ] q + β ) ] } ω ( f , δ ) .

Take q={ q n }, 0< q n <1, to be a sequence satisfying condition (13) and choose δ= δ n in (24), we have | S ˜ n , q n ( α , β ) (f;x)f(x)|2ω(f; δ n ), which implies the proof is complete. □

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Acknowledgements

The authors are most grateful to the editor and anonymous referee for careful reading of the manuscript and valuable suggestions which helped in improving an earlier version of this paper. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61170324), the Class A Science and Technology Project of Education Department of Fujian Province of China (Grant No. JA12324), and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (Grant No. 2013J01017).

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Ren, MY., Zeng, XM. Some statistical approximation properties of Kantorovich-type q-Bernstein-Stancu operators. J Inequal Appl 2014, 10 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2014-10

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