Skip to main content

On certain subclasses of multivalent functions defined by multiplier transformations

Abstract

The purpose of the present paper is to introduce and investigate various properties of a certain class of multivalent functions in the open unit disk defined by a multiplier transformation. In particular, we obtain some inclusion relationships and integral preserving properties of this class of functions. Relevant connections of the results presented in this paper with various known results are also pointed out.

MSC:30C45.

Dedication

Dedicated to Professor Hari M Srivastava

1 Introduction

Let A p denote the class of functions of the form

f(z)= z p + k = 1 a p + k z p + k
(1.1)

which are analytic in the open unit disk U={zC:|z|<1}. We write A 1 =A.

Suppose that f and g are analytic in . We say that the function f is subordinate to g in , and we write fg or f(z)g(z) (zU), if there exists an analytic function ω in with ω(0)=0 and |ω(z)|<1 for all zU such that f(z)=g(ω(z)) in . If g is univalent in , then the following equivalence relationship holds true:

f(z)g(z)f(0)=g(0)andf(U)g(U).

For functions f given by (1.1) and g(z)= z p + k = 1 b p + k z p + k , the Hadamard product (or convolution) of f and g is defined by

(fg)(z)=f(z)g(z)= z p + k = 1 a p + k b p + k z p + k .

For fixed parameters A, B (1B<A1), let P(A,B) be the class of functions of the form

φ(z)=1+ c 1 z+ c 2 z 2 +
(1.2)

which are analytic in and satisfy the condition

φ(z) 1 + A z 1 + B z (zU).

The class P(A,B) was investigated in [1]. We denote by S p (A,B) the class of functions f A p such that z f /pfP(A,B). Analogously, K(A,B) is the class of functions f A p such that ( z f ) /p f P(A,B). It is easily seen that

S p ( 1 2 ρ p , 1 ) = S p (ρ)and K p ( 1 2 ρ p , 1 ) = K p (ρ)(0ρ<p),

the subclasses of A p , which are respectively, p-valently starlike of order ρ and p-valently convex of order ρ in . We also note that

S p (ρ) S p (0)= S p and K p (ρ) K p (0)= K p (0ρ<p),

where S p and K p are the subclasses of A p consisting of functions that are p-valently starlike and p-valently convex in , respectively.

In the present investigation, we shall make use of the Gauss hypergeometric function F 1 2 defined in by

F 1 2 (a,b;c;z)= k = 0 ( a ) k ( b ) k ( c ) k z k k ! ( a , b , c C ; c Z 0 = { 0 , 1 , 2 , } ) ,
(1.3)

where ( x ) n denotes the Pochhammer symbol (or shifted factorial) given by

( x ) n ={ x ( x + 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + n 1 ) ( n N ) , 1 ( n = 0 ) .

We note that the series defined by (1.3) converges absolutely for all zU and hence represents an analytic function in [[2], Chapter 14].

Motivated by the multiplier transformation introduced in [3] on , we introduce an operator ϕ p (n,λ) on A p by

ϕ p (n,λ)(z)= z p + k = 1 ( p + k + λ p + λ ) z p + k ( λ > p , n Z = { 0 , ± 1 , ± 2 , } ; z U ) .

The operator ϕ p (n,λ) is related to the multiplier transformation studied in [4].

Corresponding to the function ϕ p (n,λ), we define a new function ϕ p ( ) (n,λ) in terms of the Hadamard product by

ϕ p (n,λ)(z) ϕ p ( ) (n,λ)(z)= z p ( 1 z ) p + μ (μ>p;zU).
(1.4)

We now introduce the operator I p n (λ,μ): A p A p by

I p n (λ,μ)f(z)= ϕ p ( ) (n,λ)(z)f(z)(nZ;λ,μ>p).
(1.5)

If the function f is given by (1.1), then from (1.4) and (1.5) we deduce that

I p n (λ,μ)f(z)= z p + k = 1 ( p + μ ) k ( 1 ) k ( p + λ p + k + λ ) n a p + k z p + k (zU).

In view of (1.5), it follows that

z ( I p n ( λ , μ ) f ) (z)=(p+λ) I p n 1 (λ,μ)f(z)λ I p n (λ,μ)f(z)(f A p ;zU).
(1.6)

In particular, we note that for zU,

I p 0 ( 0 , 1 p ) f ( z ) = f ( z ) , I p 1 ( δ , 1 p ) f ( z ) = ( ( p + δ ) 0 z t δ 1 f ( t ) d t ) / z δ ( δ > p ) [ cf. Eqn.  ( 3.10 ) ] , I p 1 ( λ , 1 p ) f ( z ) = ( z f ( z ) + λ f ( z ) ) / ( p + λ ) , I p 2 ( 0 , 1 p ) f ( z ) = ( z 2 f ( z ) + z f ( z ) ) / p 2 and I p 3 ( 0 , 1 p ) f ( z ) = ( z 3 f ( z ) + 3 z 2 f ( z ) + z f ( z ) ) / p 3 .

The operator I p n (λ,1p) (n Z 0 ) is closely related to the Sǎlǎgean derivative operator [5]. The operator I λ n = I 1 n (λ,0) was recently studied in [3, 6, 7]. For any nZ, the operator I n = I 1 n (1,0) was studied in [8].

By using the operator I p n (λ,μ), we introduce the subclass of A p as follows.

Definition For fixed parameters A, B (1B<A1), nZ, λ,μ>p and α0, we say that a function f A p is in the class S p , λ , μ n (α;A,B) if

(1α) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) +α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1 + A z 1 + B z (zU).

It is readily seen that

S p , 0 , 1 p 0 (1;A,B)= S p (A,B)and S p , 0 , 1 p 1 (1;A,B)= K p (A,B).

For the sake of convenience, we write

S p , λ , μ n (A,B)= S p , λ , μ n (1;A,B)= { f A p : I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1 + A z 1 + B z , z U } .

The object of the present paper is to investigate some inclusion properties of the class S p , λ , μ n (α;A,B). Integral-preserving and convolution properties in connection with the operator I p n (λ,μ) are also considered. Relevant connections of the results presented here with those obtained in the earlier works are pointed out.

2 Preliminaries

We denote by the class of all analytic functions in and by the class of functions ΩH such that ω(0)=0 and |Ω(z)|<1 for zU.

We shall need the following lemmas to prove our results.

Lemma 1 ([9], see also [[10], p.71])

Let h be analytic and convex (univalent) in with h(0)=1. Suppose also that the function φ defined by (1.2) is analytic in . If

φ(z)+ z φ ( z ) κ h(z) ( κ 0 , ( κ ) 0 ; z U ) ,

then

φ(z)ψ(z)= κ z κ 0 z t κ 1 h(t)dth(z)(zU)
(2.1)

and ψ is the best dominant of (2.1).

Lemma 2 [[10], p.35]

Suppose that the function Ψ: C 2 ×UC satisfies the condition

Ψ(ix,y;z)ε

for ε>0, real x,y(1+ x 2 )/2 and all zU. If the function φ, given by (1.2) is analytic in and

Re ( Ψ ( φ ( z ) , z φ ( z ) ; z ) ) >ε,

then Re(φ(z))>0 in .

Lemma 3 [11]

Let 0< γ 1 <γ<1 and ΘH satisfy

Θ(z)1+ γ 1 z,Θ(0)=1.
  1. (i)

    If φH, φ(0)=1 and satisfies

    Θ(z) ( β + ( 1 β ) φ ( z ) ) 1+γz(zU),

where

β={ 1 γ 1 + γ 1 ( 0 < γ 1 + γ 1 ) , 1 ( γ 1 2 + γ 2 ) 2 ( 1 γ 1 2 ) ( γ 1 2 + γ 2 1 γ 1 + γ ) ,
(2.2)

then Re(φ(z))>0 in .

  1. (ii)

    If ωH with ω(0)=0 satisfies

    Θ(z) ( 1 + ω ( z ) ) 1+γz(zU),

then, for 0<2 γ 1 +γ1, we have

| ω ( z ) | γ 1 + γ 1 γ 1 (zU).
(2.3)

The value of β in (2.2) and the bound in (2.3) are best possible.

Lemma 4 [11]

If ωB and

φ(z)= 1 + γ ω ( z ) 1 + γ δ 0 1 t δ 1 ω ( t z ) d t ( 0 < γ < 1 , δ > 0 , z U ) ,

then Re(φ(z))>β (0β<1) in , where

β={ 1 γ 1 + γ δ 1 ( 0 < γ 1 1 + δ 1 ) , 1 γ 2 ( 1 + δ 1 2 ) 2 ( 1 γ 2 δ 1 2 ) ( 1 1 + δ 1 γ 1 1 + δ 1 2 )
(2.4)

and δ 1 = δ /(1+ δ ). Further, for 0<γ1/(1+2 δ 1 ), we have

| φ ( z ) 1 | γ ( 1 + δ 1 ) 1 γ δ 1 (zU).
(2.5)

The value of β in (2.4) and the bound in (2.5) are best possible.

3 Inclusion relationships for the class S p , λ , μ n (α;A,B)

Unless otherwise mentioned, we assume throughout the sequel that

nZ,λ,μ>p,α>0and1B<A1.

Theorem 1 We have

S p , λ , μ n (α;A,B) S p , λ , μ n (A,B).

Further, for f S p , λ , μ n (α;A,B), we also have

I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) q(z)= α ( p + λ ) Q ( z ) (zU),
(3.1)

where

Q(z)={ 0 1 t p + λ α 1 ( 1 + t B z 1 + B z ) ( p + λ ) ( B A ) α B d t ( B 0 ) , 0 1 t p + λ α 1 exp ( ( p + λ ) ( t 1 ) A α z ) d t ( B = 0 )
(3.2)

and q is the best dominant of (3.1). Moreover, if A α B p + λ (1B<0), then

S p , λ , μ n (α;A,B) S p , λ , μ n (12ρ,1),
(3.3)

where ρ= [ F 1 2 ( 1 , ( p + λ ) ( B A ) α B , p + λ α + 1 ; B B 1 ) ] 1 . The bound ρ is best possible.

Proof Let f S p , λ , μ n (α;A,B). Suppose that

g(z)=z ( I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p ) 1 / ( p + λ )
(3.4)

and r 1 =sup{r:g(z)0,0<|z|<r<1}. Choosing the principal branch of g, we note that g is single-valued and analytic in U r 1 ={z:|z|< r 1 }. Taking the logarithmic differentiation in (3.4) and using identity (1.6) in the resulting equation, we get that

φ(z)= z g ( z ) g ( z ) = I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z )
(3.5)

is of the form (1.2) and is analytic in U r 1 . Again, carrying out logarithmic differentiation in (3.5) and using (1.6), we deduce that

(1α) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) +α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) =φ(z)+ α p + λ z φ ( z ) φ ( z ) 1 + A z 1 + B z (z U r 1 ).
(3.6)

Hence, by applying the result [[12], Corollary 3.2], we obtain

φ(z)q(z)= α ( p + λ ) Q ( z ) 1 + A z 1 + B z (z U r 1 ),

where q is the best dominant of (3.1) and Q is given by (3.2).

The proof of the remaining part can now be deduced along the same lines as in [[13], Theorem 1]. The bound ρ in (3.3) is best possible as q is the best dominant of (3.1). This evidently completes the proof of the theorem. □

Setting n=1, λ=0 and μ=1p in Theorem 1, we get the following corollary.

Corollary 1 If AαB/p (1B<0) and f A p satisfies

(1α) z f ( z ) f ( z ) +α ( 1 + z f ( z ) f ( z ) ) p ( 1 + A z ) 1 + B z (zU),

then

Re ( z f ( z ) f ( z ) ) >p [ F 1 2 ( 1 , p ( B A ) α B , p α + 1 ; B B 1 ) ] 1 (zU).

The result is best possible.

In the special case when n=0, μ=1p, A=1(2(η+λα)/(p+λ)) (0η<1) and B=1, Theorem 1 gives the following.

Corollary 2 If max{λα,(p+λ2λαα)/2}<η<p+λλα and f A p satisfies

Re ( ( 1 α ) z λ f ( z ) 0 z t λ 1 f ( t ) d t + α z f ( z ) f ( z ) ) >η(zU),

then

Re ( z λ f ( z ) 0 z t λ 1 f ( t ) d t ) >(p+λ) [ F 1 2 ( 1 , 2 ( p + λ λ α η ) α , p + λ α + 1 ; 1 2 ) ] 1 (zU).

The result is best possible.

Remarks 1. Putting A=1 and B=1 in Corollary 1, we find that for αp and zU,

Re ( ( 1 α ) z f ( z ) f ( z ) + α ( 1 + z f ( z ) f ( z ) ) ) >0f S p ( p Γ ( 1 + ( 2 p / α ) ) π Γ ( 1 + ( p / α ) ) ) ,

which in turn implies that

f K p ( p ( α 1 ) Γ ( 1 + ( 2 p / α ) ) π α Γ ( 1 + ( p / α ) ) ) .

For p=1, this result is contained in [14].

  1. 2.

    Setting α=1, A=1(2η/p) (0η<p) and B=1 in Corollary 1 and α=1 in Corollary 2, we get the corresponding result obtained in [15].

Theorem 2 For 0η<p, we have

f S p , λ , μ n ( 0 ; 1 2 η p , 1 ) f S p , λ , μ n ( α ; 1 2 η p , 1 ) ( | z | < R ) ,

where

R={ p α + ( p + λ ) ( p η ) ( p α + ( p + λ ) ( p η ) ) 2 p ( p + λ ) 2 ( p 2 η ) ( p + λ ) ( p 2 η ) ( η p 2 ) , p + λ p + λ + 2 α ( η = p 2 ) .
(3.7)

The bound R is best possible.

Proof Setting

I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) = η p + ( 1 η p ) u(z)(zU),
(3.8)

we see that u is of the form (1.2), analytic and has a positive real part in . Taking the logarithmic differentiation in (3.8) and using identity (1.6), we deduce that

Re ( ( 1 α ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) + α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) ) η p ( 1 η p ) [ Re ( u ( z ) ) p α | z u ( z ) | ( p + λ ) ( | η + ( p η ) u ( z ) | ) ] .
(3.9)

Now, by using the well-known [16] estimates

| z u ( z ) | 2 r 1 r 2 Re ( u ( z ) ) andRe ( u ( z ) ) 1 r 1 + r ( | z | = r < 1 )

in (3.9), we obtain

Re ( ( 1 α ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) + α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) ) η p ( 1 η p ) Re ( u ( z ) ) [ 1 2 p α r ( p + λ ) ( η ( 1 r 2 ) + ( p η ) ( 1 r ) 2 ) ] ,

which is certainly positive if r<R, where R is given by (3.7).

To show that the bound R is best possible, we consider the function f A p defined by

I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) = η p + ( 1 η p ) 1 + z 1 z (zU).

Noting that

( 1 α ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) + α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) η p = ( 1 η p ) 1 + z 1 z [ 1 + 2 p α z ( p + λ ) ( η ( 1 z 2 ) + ( p η ) ( 1 z ) 2 ) ] = 0

for z=R, we complete the proof of Theorem 2. □

Remark For n=1, λ=0, μ=1p and α=1, Theorem 2 yields the corresponding result contained in [15].

For a function f A p , the generalized Bernardi-Libera-Livingston integral operator F δ , p : A p A p is defined by (cf., e.g., [17])

F δ , p ( f ) ( z ) = δ + p z δ 0 z t δ 1 f ( t ) d t = ( z p + k = 1 δ + p δ + p + k z p + k ) f ( z ) = z p 2 F 1 ( 1 , δ + p ; δ + p + 1 ; z ) f ( z ) ( δ > p ; z U ) .
(3.10)

For convenience, we write F δ , p (f)(z)= F δ , p (z), zU. It readily follows from (3.10) that f A p F δ , p A p .

Theorem 3 Let δ be a real number satisfying

(δλ)(1B)+(p+λ)(1A)0.
(3.11)
  1. (i)

    If f S p , λ , μ n (A,B), then

    I p n ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z ) q(z)= 1 p + λ ( 1 Q ( z ) δ + λ ) 1 + A z 1 + B z (zU),
    (3.12)

where

Q(z)={ 0 1 t δ + p 1 ( 1 + B t z 1 + B z ) ( p + λ ) ( B A ) / B d t ( B 0 ) , 0 1 t δ + p 1 exp { ( p + λ ) A ( t 1 ) z } d t ( B = 0 )

and q is the best dominant of (3.12). Consequently, the operator F δ , p maps the class S p , λ , μ n (A,B) into itself.

  1. (ii)

    If 1B<0 and δmax{ ( p + λ ) ( 1 A ) 1 B +λ, ( p + λ ) ( B A ) B p1}, then

    f S p , λ , μ n (A,B) F δ , p S p , λ , μ n (12τ,1),
    (3.13)

where

τ= 1 p + λ [ ( δ + p ) ( F 1 2 ( 1 , ( p + λ ) ( B A ) B ; δ + p + 1 ; B B 1 ) ) 1 δ + λ ] .

The bound τ is best possible.

Proof From (1.5) and (3.10), it follows that

z ( I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ) (z)=(δ+p) I p n + 1 (λ,μ)f(z)δ I p n + 1 (λ,μ) F δ , p (z)(zU).
(3.14)

We put

g(z)=z ( I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z ) z p ) 1 / ( p + λ )
(3.15)

and r 1 =sup{r:g(z)0,0<|z|<r<1}. Choosing the principal branch of g, it follows that g is a single-valued and is analytic in U r 1 . Taking the logarithmic differentiation in (3.15) and using identity (1.6) for F δ , p , we deduce that the function

φ(z)= z g ( z ) g ( z ) = I p n ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z )
(3.16)

is analytic in U r 1 and φ(0)=1. Using identity (3.14) in (3.16), we obtain

(δ+p) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z ) =(p+λ) I p n ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z ) +(δp)(z U r 1 ).
(3.17)

Since f S p , λ , μ n (A,B), it is clear that I p n + 1 (λ,μ)f(z)0 in 0<|z|<1. So, by (3.17), we get

I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) F δ , p ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) = δ + p ( p + λ ) φ ( z ) + ( δ λ ) (z U r 1 ).
(3.18)

Again, by taking the logarithmic differentiation in (3.18) followed by the use of identity (1.6) in the resulting equation, we get

I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) =φ(z)+ z φ ( z ) ( p + λ ) φ ( z ) + ( δ λ ) 1 + A z 1 + B z (z U r 1 ).

The proof of the remaining part is the same as that of [[13], Theorem 1], and we choose to omit the details. The result is best possible as q is the best dominant of (3.12). □

Remark Letting n=1, λ=0, μ=1p, A=1(2η/p) (0η<p) and B=1 in Theorem 3, we have the following implications [[15], Corollary 3.4 and Remark 3.2]:

F δ , p ( S p ( η ) ) S p (σ)and F δ , p ( K p ( η ) ) K p (σ),

where δmax{η,p2η1} and σ=(δ+p) ( F 1 2 ( 1 , 2 ( p η ) ; δ + p + 1 ; 1 / 2 ) ) 1 δ. The containment relations are best possible, and they improve the corresponding work in [18] for suitable values of the parameters p, η and δ.

4 Properties involving the operator I p n (λ,μ)

Theorem 4 If f A p satisfies

(1α) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p +α I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p 1 + A z 1 + B z (zU),
(4.1)

then

Re ( I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p ) >ϱ(zU),
(4.2)

where

ϱ={ A B + ( 1 A B ) ( 1 B ) 1 2 F 1 ( 1 , 1 ; p + λ α + 1 ; B B 1 ) ( B 0 ) , 1 ( p + λ ) A p + λ + α ( B = 0 ) .

The result is best possible.

Proof Setting

φ(z)= I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p (zU),
(4.3)

we note that φ is of the form (1.2) and is analytic in . On differentiating (4.3) and using identity (1.6) in the resulting equation, we deduce that

(1α) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p +α I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p =φ(z)+ α p + λ z φ (z) 1 + A z 1 + B z (zU).
(4.4)

The proof of the remaining part of the theorem follows by using Lemma 1 and the techniques that proved Theorem 4 in [13].

With a view to stating a well-known result, we denote by P(γ) the class of functions φ of the form (1.2) which are analytic in and satisfy the inequality

Re ( φ ( z ) ) >γ(0γ<1;zU).

It is known [19] that if φ j P( γ j ) (0 γ j <1; j=1,2), then

( φ 1 φ 2 )P( γ 3 ),
(4.5)

where γ 3 =12(1 γ 1 )(1 γ 2 ). The bound γ 3 is best possible. □

Theorem 5 If the functions I p n (λ,μ) f j / z p P( A j , B j ) (1 B j < A j 1, f j A p ; j=1,2), then the function defined in by

h(z)= I p n + 1 (λ,μ)( f 1 f 2 )(z)
(4.6)

satisfies

Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) ) >0(zU),

provided

( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) < 2 ( p + λ ) + 1 2 [ ( F 1 2 ( 1 , 1 ; p + λ + 1 ; 1 / 2 ) 2 ) 2 + 2 ( p + λ ) ] .
(4.7)

Proof We have

I p n ( λ , μ ) f j z p P( γ j ) ( γ j = 1 A j 1 B j ; j = 1 , 2 ) .

Hence, by using (4.5), we deduce that

Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) z p + z p + λ ( I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) z p ) ) = Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) f 1 ( z ) z p I p n ( λ , μ ) f 2 ( z ) z p ) > 1 2 ( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) ( z U ) ,
(4.8)

which, in view of Lemma 1 for

κ=p+λ,A=1+4 ( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) andB=1,

yields

Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) z p ) >1+ ( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) [ 2 F 1 ( 1 , 1 ; p + λ + 1 ; 1 2 ) 2](zU).
(4.9)

From (4.9), by using Theorem 4 for

α=1,A=14 ( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) [ 2 F 1 ( 1 , 1 ; p + λ + 1 ; 1 2 ) 2]andB=1,

we deduce that

Re ( θ ( z ) ) >12 ( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) [ F 1 2 ( 1 , 1 ; p + λ + 1 ; 1 2 ) 2 ] 2 (zU),
(4.10)

where θ(z)= I p n (λ,μ)h(z)/ z p . If we put

φ(z)= I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) (zU),

then φ is of the form (1.2) analytic in , and a simple computation shows that

I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) z p + z p + λ ( I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) z p ) = θ ( z ) [ ( φ ( z ) ) 2 + 1 p + λ z φ ( z ) ] = Ψ ( φ ( z ) , z φ ( z ) ; z ) ,
(4.11)

where Ψ(u,v;z)=θ(z)( u 2 +(v/(p+λ))). Thus, by using (4.8) in (4.11), we conclude that

Re ( Ψ ( φ ( z ) , z φ ( z ) ; z ) ) >12 ( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) (zU).

Now, for all real x,y(1+ x 2 )/2, we have

Re ( Ψ ( i x , y ; z ) ) = ( y p + λ x 2 ) Re ( θ ( z ) ) 1 2 ( p + λ ) [ 1 + ( 2 ( p + λ ) + 1 ) x 2 ] Re ( θ ( z ) ) 1 2 ( p + λ ) Re ( θ ( z ) ) 1 2 ( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) ( z U )

by (4.7) and (4.10). Hence, by making use of Lemma 2, we get Re(φ(z))>0 in . This completes the proof of Theorem 5. □

Theorem 6 If the functions I p n (λ,μ) f j / z p P( A j , B j ) (1 B j < A j 1, f j A p ; j=1,2,3), then the function H defined in by

H(z)= I p n + 1 (λ,μ)( f 1 f 2 f 3 )(z)

satisfies

Re ( I p 2 n ( λ , μ ) H ( z ) I p 2 n + 1 ( λ , μ ) H ( z ) ) >0(zU),

provided

( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( A 3 B 3 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) ( 1 B 3 ) < 2 ( p + λ ) + 1 4 [ ( F 1 2 ( 1 , 1 ; p + λ + 1 ; 1 / 2 ) 2 ) 2 + 2 ( p + λ ) ] .

Proof From the definition of the function H, it is easily seen that

Re ( I p 2 n ( λ , μ ) H ( z ) z p + z p + λ ( I p 2 n ( λ , μ ) H ( z ) z p ) ) = Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) f 1 ( z ) z p I p n ( λ , μ ) f 2 ( z ) z p I p n ( λ , μ ) f 3 ( z ) z p ) > 1 4 ( A 1 B 1 ) ( A 2 B 2 ) ( A 3 B 3 ) ( 1 B 1 ) ( 1 B 2 ) ( 1 B 3 ) ( z U )

and the proof of the theorem is completed similarly to Theorem 5. □

Theorem 7 Let f j A p (j=1,2). If the function defined in by (4.6) satisfies

Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) z p ) >1 2 ( p + λ ) + 1 2 [ ( F 1 2 ( 1 , 1 ; p + λ + 1 ; 1 / 2 ) 2 ) 2 + 2 ( p + λ ) ] (zU),

then

Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) G ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) G ( z ) ) >0(zU),

where

G(z)= p + λ z λ 0 z t λ 1 h(t)dt(zU).

Proof Using the fact that

Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) h ( z ) z p ) = Re ( I p n ( λ , μ ) G ( z ) z p + z p + λ ( I p n ( λ , μ ) G ( z ) z p ) ) > 1 2 ( p + λ ) + 1 2 [ ( F 1 2 ( 1 , 1 ; p + λ + 1 ; 1 / 2 ) 2 ) 2 + 2 ( p + λ ) ] ( z U )

and by following the same lines of proof as in Theorem 5, we get the required result. □

Remark Putting n=1, λ=0 and μ=1 in Theorems 5, 6 and 7, respectively, we obtain the corresponding results contained in [20].

Theorem 8 Let δ>0 and 0<γ(1+δ(p+λ))/ 1 + 2 δ ( p + λ ) + 2 ( δ ( p + λ ) ) 2 . If f A p satisfies

I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p ( I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p ) δ 1 1+γz(zU),
(4.12)

then f S p , λ , μ n 1 (12ϰ,1), where

ϰ={ 1 + δ ( p + λ ) 1 + δ ( p + λ ) ( 1 + γ ) ( 0 < γ 1 + δ ( p + λ ) 1 + 2 δ ( p + λ ) ) , M p ( λ , δ , γ ) ( 1 + δ ( p + λ ) 1 + 2 δ ( p + λ ) γ 1 + δ ( p + λ ) 1 + 2 δ ( p + λ ) + 2 ( δ ( p + λ ) ) 2 ) ,
(4.13)

and

M p (λ,δ,γ)= ( 1 + δ ( p + λ ) ) 2 [ 1 + 2 δ ( p + λ ) + 2 ( δ ( p + λ ) ) 2 ] γ 2 2 [ ( 1 + δ ( p + λ ) ) 2 ( δ ( p + λ ) ) 2 γ 2 ] .

Further, for 0<γ(1+δ(p+λ))/(1+3δ(p+λ)),

| I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1|< ( 1 + 2 δ ( p + λ ) ) γ 1 + δ ( p + λ ) ( 1 γ ) (zU).
(4.14)

The bound given by (4.13) and the estimate in (4.14) are best possible.

Proof Setting

Θ(z)= ( I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p ) δ (zU)
(4.15)

and choosing the principal branch in (4.15), we note that Θ is analytic in with Θ(0)=1. A simple computation shows that (4.12) is equivalent to

Θ(z)+ z Θ ( z ) δ ( p + λ ) 1+γz(zU).

Now, by applying Lemma 1 (with κ=δ(p+λ), A=γ and B=1), we get

Θ(z)1+ γ 1 z ( γ 1 = δ ( p + λ ) γ 1 + δ ( p + λ ) ; z U ) .

We further observe that

1+ 1 δ ( p + λ ) z Θ ( z ) Θ ( z ) = I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) (zU).

Hence, assertion (4.13) follows by using part (i) of Lemma 3. If we put

I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) =1+ω(z)(ωB;zU),

then we obtain (4.14) from part (ii) of Lemma 3.

To show that the estimates are best possible, we consider the function f A p defined in by

( I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p ) δ =1+δ(p+λ)γ 0 1 t δ ( p + λ ) 1 ω(tz)dt(δ>0,ωB;zU).

From this, we obtain

I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) = 1 + γ ω ( z ) 1 + δ ( p + λ ) γ 0 1 t δ ( p + λ ) 1 ω ( t z ) d t (zU),

and the sharpness follows from Lemma 4 (for δ =δ(p+λ)). □

Putting n=λ=0, μ=1p and δ=1 in Theorem 8, we get the following.

Corollary 3 If 0<γ(p+1)/ 1 + 2 p + 2 p 2 and f A p satisfies

| f ( z ) p z p 1 1|<γ(zU),

then

Re ( z f ( z ) f ( z ) ) >{ p ( p + 1 ) ( 1 γ ) 1 + p ( 1 + γ ) ( 0 < γ p + 1 2 p + 1 ) , p ( p + 1 ) 2 p ( 1 + 2 p + 2 p 2 ) γ 2 2 ( ( p + 1 ) 2 ( p γ ) 2 ) ( p + 1 2 p + 1 γ p + 1 1 + 2 p + 2 p 2 ) .

Further, for 0<γ(p+1)/(3p+1),

| z f ( z ) f ( z ) 1|< p ( 2 p + 1 ) γ 1 + p ( 1 γ ) (zU).

The estimates are best possible.

Theorem 9 If γ>0 and f A p satisfies

(1α) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p +α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p 1+γz(α>0;zU),
(4.16)

then f S p , λ , μ n 1 (12ϑ,1), where

ϑ={ α ( ( p + λ ) ( 1 + γ ) + α γ ) 2 ( p + λ ) γ α ( ( p + λ ) ( 1 + γ ) + α ) ( 0 < γ p + λ + α 2 ( p + λ ) + α ) , N p ( λ , α , γ ) ( 1 α ) α ( p + λ + α 2 ( p + λ ) + α γ p + λ + α ( p + λ ) 2 + ( p + λ + α ) 2 )
(4.17)

and

N p (λ,α,γ)= ( p + λ + α ) 2 ( ( p + λ + α ) 2 + ( p + λ ) 2 ) γ 2 2 ( ( p + λ + α ) 2 ( p + λ ) 2 γ 2 ) .

For 0<γ(p+λ+α)/(3(p+λ)+α), we have

| I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1|< ( 2 ( p + λ ) + α ) γ ( p + λ ) ( 1 γ ) + α (zU).
(4.18)

Further, f S p , λ , μ n (12 ϰ ˜ ,1), where ϰ ˜ is obtained from ϰ (given in (4.13)) for δ=1 and upon replacing γ by (p+λ)γ/(p+λ+α). Moreover, for 0<γ((p+λ+α)(p+λ+1))/[(p+λ)(1+2(p+λ))],

| I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1|< ( p + λ ) ( 1 + 2 ( p + λ ) ) γ ( p + λ + α ) + ( p + λ ) ( α + ( p + λ ) ( 1 γ ) ) (zU).
(4.19)

The estimates are best possible.

Proof Since f A p satisfies (4.16), by Theorem 4 (for A=γ and B=1) we obtain

I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p 1+ γ 1 z ( γ 1 = ( p + λ ) γ p + λ + α ; z U ) .
(4.20)

Again, on writing (4.16) in the form

I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p ( 1 α + α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) ) 1+γz(zU)

and using part (ii) of Lemma 3, we deduce that

Re ( 1 α + α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) ) { ( p + λ + α ) ( 1 γ ) ( p + λ ) ( 1 + γ ) + α ( 0 < γ p + λ + α 2 ( p + λ ) + α ) , N p ( λ , α , μ ) ( p + λ + α 2 ( p + λ ) + α γ p + λ + α ( p + λ ) 2 + ( p + λ + α ) 2 ) ,

which implies assertion (4.17). By using part (ii) of Lemma 3 with

ω(z)=α ( I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1 ) ,

we obtain (4.18). That f S p , λ , μ n 1 (12 ϰ ˜ ,1) and (4.19) now follow from Theorem 8 and (4.20).

To show the sharpness of the estimates, we consider the function f defined in by

I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) z p =1+ ( p + λ ) γ α 0 1 t p + λ α 1 ω(tz)dt(ωB;zU).

Hence, by using identity (1.6), we get

1α+α I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) = 1 + γ ω ( z ) 1 + ( p + λ ) γ α 0 1 t p + λ α 1 ω ( t z ) d t (zU),

and the sharpness follows from Lemma 4. The fact that f S p , λ , μ n (12 ϰ ˜ ,1) is sharp follows from (4.20) and the sharpness of Theorem 8. □

Putting n=1, λ=0 and μ=1p in Theorem 9, we have the following.

Corollary 4 If f A p satisfies

( 1 α + α p ) f ( z ) p z p 1 +α f ( z ) p 2 z p 2 1+γz(γ>0,α>0;zU),

then

Re ( 1 + z f ( z ) f ( z ) ) >{ p α ( p + α + ( p 1 ) γ ) 2 p 2 γ α ( p ( 1 + γ ) + α ) ( 0 < γ p + α 2 p + α ) , p ( p + α ) 2 p ( ( p + α ) 2 + p 2 ) γ 2 2 α ( ( p + α ) 2 p 2 γ 2 ) p ( 1 α α ) ( p + α 2 p + α γ p + α p 2 + ( p + α ) 2 )

and for 0<γ(p+α)/(3p+α),

|1+ z f ( z ) f ( z ) p|< p ( 2 p + α ) γ α ( p ( 1 γ ) + α ) (zU).

The result is sharp.

Remark For p=1 in Corollary 3 and Corollary 4, we get the corresponding results obtained in [11].

Theorem 10 If f A p satisfies

| I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1 | γ | I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1 | β < ( A B 1 + | B | ) γ + β ( 1 + 1 ( p + λ ) ( 1 + | A | ) ) β ( z U ) ,
(4.21)

for some real numbers β and γ such that β0, γ0, β+γ>0, then f S p , λ , μ n (A,B).

Proof If we set

I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) = 1 + A ω ( z ) 1 + B ω ( z ) (zU),
(4.22)

then ω is analytic in . Differentiating (4.22) logarithmically and using identity (1.6) in the resulting equation, we get

I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) = 1 + A ω ( z ) 1 + B ω ( z ) + ( A B ) z ω ( z ) ( p + λ ) ( 1 + A ω ( z ) ) ( 1 + B ω ( z ) ) (zU).

Now, we have

| I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1 | γ | I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z ) 1 | β = ( A B ) γ + β | ω ( z ) 1 + B ω ( z ) | γ + β × | 1 + 1 p + λ z ω ( z ) ω ( z ) 1 1 + A ω ( z ) | β ( z U ) .
(4.23)

We claim that |ω(z)|<1 for zU. Otherwise, there exists a point z 0 U such that max | z | | z 0 | |ω(z)|=|ω( z 0 )|=1. By using Jack’s lemma [21], we write ω( z 0 )= e i θ , 0<θ2π and z ω ( z 0 )=mω( z 0 ), m1. Thus, from (4.23), it follows that

| I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z 0 ) I p n + 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z 0 ) 1 | γ | I p n 1 ( λ , μ ) f ( z 0 ) I p n ( λ , μ ) f ( z 0 ) 1 | β ( A B 1 + | B | ) γ + β ( 1 + m p + λ ( 1 1 + A e i θ ) ) β ( A B 1 + | B | ) γ + β ( 1 + 1 ( p + λ ) ( 1 + | A | ) ) β .

This contradicts the hypothesis (4.21) and hence |ω(z)|<1 for zU. This proves the theorem. □

Taking A=1 2 ρ p , B=1, μ=1p, λ=0, n=1 and γ=1β in Theorem 10, we get the following interesting criterion for starlikeness for multivalent functions, which improves the corresponding work in [22] for p=1.

Corollary 5 Let β0 and 0ρ<p. If f A p satisfies

| z f ( z ) f ( z ) p | 1 β |1+ z f ( z ) f ( z ) p | β <ξ(p,ρ,β)={ ( p ρ ) ( 1 + 1 2 ( p ρ ) ) β ( 0 ρ p 2 ) , ( p ρ ) ( 1 + 1 2 ρ ) β ( p 2 ρ < p )

for all zU, then f S p (ρ).

Similarly, by setting A=1 2 ρ p , B=1, μ=1p, λ=0, n=2 and γ=1β in Theorem 10, we obtain the following sufficient condition for convexity of multivalent functions.

Corollary 6 Let β0 and 0ρ<p. If f A p satisfies

| ( 1 + z f ( z ) f ( z ) ) p | 1 β | ( 1 + z 2 f ( z ) + 2 z f ( z ) z f ( z ) + f ( z ) ) p | β <ξ(p,ρ,β)(zU),

where ξ(p,ρ,β) is defined as in Corollary  5, then f K p (ρ).

References

  1. Janowski W: Some extremal problems for certain families of analytic functions I. Ann. Pol. Math. 1973, 28: 297–326.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Whittaker ET, Watson GN: A Course on Modern Analysis. 4th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; 1927. (reprinted)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cho NE, Srivastava HM: Argument estimates of certain analytic functions defined by a class of multiplier transformations. Math. Comput. Model. 2003, 37: 39–49. 10.1016/S0895-7177(03)80004-3

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Flett TM: The dual of an inequality of Hardy and Littlewood and some related inequalities. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 1972, 38: 746–765. 10.1016/0022-247X(72)90081-9

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Sǎlǎgean GS: Subclasses of univalent functions. Lecture Notes in Math. 1013. In Complex Analysis - Fifth Romanian-Finnish Seminar, Part I Bucharest, 1981. Springer, Berlin; 1983:362–372.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cho NE, Kim TH: Multiplier transformations and strongly close-to-convex functions. Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 2003, 40: 399–410.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Cho NE, Kim JA: Inclusion properties of certain subclasses of analytic functions defined by a multiplier transformation. Comput. Math. Appl. 2006, 52: 323–330. 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.08.022

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Uralegaddi BA, Somanatha C: Certain classes of univalent functions. In Current Topics in Analytic Function Theory. World Scientific, River Edge; 1992:371–374.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Hallenbeck DJ, Ruscheweyh S: Subordination by convex functions. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 1975, 52: 191–195. 10.1090/S0002-9939-1975-0374403-3

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Miller SS, Mocanu PT: Differential Subordinations, Theory and Applications. Dekker, New York; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ponnusamy, S, Singh, V: Convolution properties of some classes of analytic functions. Internal Report, SPIC Science Foundation (1990)

  12. Miller SS, Mocanu PT: Univalent solutions of Briot-Bouquet differential subordinations. J. Differ. Equ. 1985, 56: 297–309. 10.1016/0022-0396(85)90082-8

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Patel J, Cho NE, Srivastava HM: Certain classes of multivalent functions associated with a family of linear operators. Math. Comput. Model. 2006, 43: 320–338. 10.1016/j.mcm.2005.06.014

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Miller SS, Mocanu PT, Reade MO: The order of starlikeness of α -convex functions. Mathematica 1978, 20(43):25–30.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Patel J, Cho NE: Some classes of analytic functions involving Noor integral operator. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2005, 312: 564–575. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2005.03.047

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. MacGregor TH: Subordination of convex functions of order α . J. Lond. Math. Soc. 1975, 9(2):530–536.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Choi JH, Saigo M, Srivastava HM: Some inclusion properties of a certain family of integral operators. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2002, 276: 432–445. 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00500-0

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Fukui S, Kim JA, Srivastava HM: On certain subclasses of univalent functions by some integral operators. Math. Jpn. 1999, 50: 359–370.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Stankiewicz J, Stankiewicz Z: Some applications of the Hadamard convolution in the theory of functions. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Skl̄odowska, Sect. A 1986, 40: 251–256.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Lashin AY: Some convolution properties of analytic functions. Appl. Math. Lett. 2005, 18: 135–138. 10.1016/j.aml.2004.09.003

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Jack IS: Functions starlike and convex of order α . J. Lond. Math. Soc. 1971, 3(2):469–474.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Owa S, Srivastava HM: Univalent and starlike generalized hypergeometric functions. Can. J. Math. 1987, 39: 1057–1077. 10.4153/CJM-1987-054-3

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a Research Grant of Pukyong National University (2013 year) and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2011-0007037).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nak Eun Cho.

Additional information

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

All authors jointly worked on the results and they read and approved the final manuscript.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Patel, J., Cho, N.E. & Palit, A.K. On certain subclasses of multivalent functions defined by multiplier transformations. J Inequal Appl 2013, 441 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-441

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-441

Keywords