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On joint distributions of order statistics for a discrete case

Abstract

In this study, the joint distributions of order statistics of innid discrete random variables are expressed. Also, the joint distributions are obtained in the form of an integral. Then, the results related to pf and df are given.

MSC:62G30, 62E15.

1 Introduction

The joint probability density function (pdf) and marginal pdf of order statistics of independent but not necessarily identically distributed (innid) random variables was derived by Vaughan and Venables [1] by means of permanents. In addition, Balakrishnan [2] and Bapat and Beg [3] obtained the joint pdf and distribution function (df) of order statistics of innid random variables by means of permanents. Balasubramanian et al. [4] obtained the distribution of single order statistics in terms of distribution functions of the minimum and maximum order statistics of some subsets of { X 1 , X 2 ,, X n } where X i ’s are innid random variables. Later, Balasubramanian et al. [5] generalized their previous results [4] to the case of the joint distribution function of several order statistics. Recurrence relationships among the distribution functions of order statistics arising from innid random variables were obtained by Cao and West [6]. Using multinomial arguments, the pdf of X r : n + 1 (1rn+1) was obtained by Childs and Balakrishnan [7] by adding another independent random variable to the original n variables X 1 , X 2 ,, X n . Also, Balasubramanian et al. [8] established the identities satisfied by the distributions of order statistics from non-independent non-identical variables through operator methods based on the difference and differential operators. In 1991, Beg [9] obtained several recurrence relations and identities for product moments of order statistics of innid random variables using permanents. Recently, Cramer et al. [10] derived the expressions for the distribution and density functions by Ryser’s method and the distributions of maxima and minima based on permanents.

The notion of distribution theory has been applied in various branches of science for investigations. Recently, the notion of a uniform distribution has been applied in sequence spaces and the notion of statistical convergent sequences has been studied and investigated from different aspects by Rath and Tripathy [11], Tripathy [12, 13], Tripathy and Baruah [14], Tripathy and Dutta [15], Tripathy and Sarma [16], Tripathy and Sen [17], and others.

A multivariate generalization of classical order statistics for random samples from a continuous multivariate distribution was defined by Corley [18]. Guilbaud [19] expressed the probability of the functions of innid random vectors as a linear combination of probabilities of the functions of independent and identically distributed (iid) random vectors and thus also for order statistics of random variables. Expressions for generalized joint densities of order statistics of iid random variables in terms of Radon-Nikodym derivatives with respect to product measures based on df were derived by Goldie and Maller [20].

Several identities and recurrence relations for pdf and df of order statistics of iid random variables were established by numerous authors including Arnold et al. [21], Balasubramanian and Beg [22], David [23], and Reiss [24]. Furthermore, Arnold et al. [21], David [23], Gan and Bain [25], and Khatri [26] obtained the probability function (pf) and df of order statistics of iid random variables from a discrete parent. Balakrishnan [27] showed that several relations and identities that have been derived for order statistics from continuous distributions also hold for the discrete case. In 1986, Nagaraja [28] explored the behavior of higher order conditional probabilities of order statistics in an attempt to understand the structure of discrete order statistics. Later, Nagaraja [29] considered some results on order statistics of a random sample taken from a discrete population.

In general, the distribution theory for order statistics is complex when the parent distribution is discrete. In this study, the joint distributions of order statistics of innid discrete random variables are expressed in the form of an integral. As far as we know, these approaches have not been considered in the framework of order statistics from innid discrete random variables.

From now on, the subscripts and superscripts are defined at first usage, and these definitions will be valid unless they are redefined.

If a 1 , a 2 , are column vectors, then [ a 1 m 1 a 2 m 2 ] will denote the matrix obtained by taking m 1 copies of a 1 , m 2 copies of a 2 and so on. perA denotes the permanent of a square matrix A; the permanent is defined just like the determinant, except that all signs in the expansion are positive.

Let X 1 , X 2 ,, X n be innid discrete random variables and X 1 : n X 2 : n X n : n be the order statistics obtained by arranging the n X i ’s in the increasing order of magnitude. Let F i and f i be df and pf of X i (i=1,2,,n), respectively.

The df and pf of X r 1 : n , X r 2 : n ,, X r p : n , 1 r 1 < r 2 << r n n (p=1,2,,n) will be given. For notational convenience, we write z 1 , z 2 , , z p , m p , k p , , m 1 , k 1 , ∫ and V instead of z 1 = 0 x 1 z 2 = z 1 x 2 z 3 = z 2 x 3 z p = z p 1 x p , m p = 0 n r p k p = 0 r p 1 r p 1 m 2 = 0 r 3 1 r 2 k 2 = 0 r 2 1 r 1 m 1 = 0 r 2 1 r 1 k 1 = 0 r 1 1 , F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ) F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ) and 0 F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) v ς 2 ( 1 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) v ς 2 ( p 1 ) ( 1 ) F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ) in the expressions below, respectively ( x i =0,1,2,) ( z 0 =0).

2 Theorems for distribution and probability functions

In this section, the theorems related to pf and df of X r 1 : n , X r 2 : n ,, X r p : n will be given. We will now express the following theorem for the joint pf of order statistics of innid discrete random variables.

Theorem 1

(1)

where x 1 < x 2 << x p , n s 1 , n s 2 , , n s 2 p denotes the sum over = 1 2 p s for which s υ s ϑ =ϕ for υϑ, S= = 1 2 p + 1 s , S={1,2,,n}, r 0 =0, r p + 1 =n+1, m 0 =0, k p + 1 =0, m w 1 + k w r w r w 1 1, F s 1 ( i 1 ) ( x 0 )=0, F s 2 p + 1 ( i 2 p + 1 ) ( x p + 1 )=1, F i ( x w )=P( X i < x w ) (w=1,2,,p+1), n s is the cardinality of s and

s ={ { s ( 1 ) , s ( 2 ) , , s ( k 2 + 1 + m 2 ) } , if even , { s ( 1 ) , s ( 2 ) , , s ( r + 1 2 1 k + 1 2 m 1 2 r 1 2 ) } , if odd .

Proof Consider the event { X r 1 : n = x 1 , X r 2 : n = x 2 ,, X r p : n = x p }.

The above event can be realized in mutually exclusive ways as follows: r 1 1 k 1 observations are less than x 1 , k w +1+ m w (w=1,2,,p) observations are equal to x w , r ξ 1 k ξ m ξ 1 r ξ 1 (ξ=2,3,,p) observations are in interval ( x ξ 1 , x ξ ) and n m p r p observations exceed x p . The probability function of the above event can be written as

f r 1 , r 2 , , r p : n ( x 1 , x 2 ,, x p )=P{ X r 1 : n = x 1 , X r 2 : n = x 2 ,, X r p : n = x p }.
(2)

Identity (2) can be expressed as

where C=( w = 1 p + 1 [ ( r w 1 k w m w 1 r w 1 ) ! ] 1 ) w = 1 p [ ( k w + 1 + m w ) ! ] 1 , F( x w )= ( F 1 ( x w ) , F 2 ( x w ) , , F n ( x w ) ) and f( x w )= ( f 1 ( x w ) , f 2 ( x w ) , , f n ( x w ) ) are column vectors. A[ s /) is the matrix obtained from A by taking rows whose indices are in s . Using the expansion of the permanent in the above identity, we get (1). □

Identity (1) can also be written in the form of an integral as follows.

Theorem 2

f r 1 , r 2 , , r p : n ( x 1 , x 2 ,, x p )= n ς 1 , n ς 2 , , n ς 2 p ( w = 1 p + 1 i w = 1 r w r w 1 1 [ v ς 2 w 1 ( i w ) ( w ) v ς 2 w 1 ( i w ) ( w 1 ) ] ) w = 1 p d v ς 2 w ( 1 ) ( w ) ,
(3)

where x 1 < x 2 << x p , n ς 1 , n ς 2 , , n ς 2 p denotes the sum over = 1 2 p ς for which ς υ ς ϑ =ϕ for υϑ, S= = 1 2 p + 1 ς , v ς 2 w 1 ( i w ) ( t ) =[ v ς 2 t ( 1 ) ( t ) F ς 2 t ( 1 ) ( x t )] f ς 2 w 1 ( i w ) ( x t ) f ς 2 t ( 1 ) ( x t ) + F ς 2 w 1 ( i w ) ( x t ), v ς 1 ( i 1 ) ( 0 ) =0, v ς 2 p + 1 ( i p + 1 ) ( p + 1 ) =1 and

ς ={ { ς ( 1 ) } , if even , { ς ( 1 ) , ς ( 2 ) , , ς ( r + 1 2 r 1 2 1 ) } , if odd .

Proof Consider the identity

(4)

and using (4) in (1), it can be written as

where n τ 1 , n τ 2 , , n τ 4 p denotes the sum over l = 1 4 p τ l for which τ υ τ ϑ =ϕ for υϑ, S= l = 1 4 p + 1 τ l ,

The above identity can be written as

The following expression can be written from the above identity

and here, if v τ l ( i j ) ( w ) = y w f τ l ( i j ) ( x w )+ F τ l ( i j ) ( x w ), the following identity is obtained

(5)

By considering

(6)

where ξ+ζl, and using (6) for each m w 1 and k w in (5), we get

where ς 2 w 1 = τ 4 ( w 1 ) τ 4 w 3 τ 4 w 2 and ς 2 w = τ 4 w 1 . This completes the proof of the theorem. □

We have the following special cases obtained from (3). Consider by taking p=2, n=3, r 1 =1, r 2 =2 and v ς 5 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) =[ v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 )] f ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) f ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) + F ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ), the following identity is obtained

f 1 , 2 : 3 ( x 1 , x 2 ) = n ς 2 , n ς 4 F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( 1 v ς 5 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ) d v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ) d v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) = n ς 2 , n ς 4 f ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) { f ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) + 1 2 f ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) 1 2 f ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) f ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) F ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) } = f 1 ( x 1 ) { f 2 ( x 2 ) + 1 2 f 3 ( x 2 ) F 2 ( x 2 ) 1 2 f 3 ( x 2 ) F 2 ( x 2 ) f 2 ( x 2 ) F 3 ( x 2 ) } + f 1 ( x 1 ) { f 3 ( x 2 ) + 1 2 f 2 ( x 2 ) F 3 ( x 2 ) 1 2 f 2 ( x 2 ) F 3 ( x 2 ) f 3 ( x 2 ) F 2 ( x 2 ) } + f 2 ( x 1 ) { f 3 ( x 2 ) + 1 2 f 1 ( x 2 ) F 3 ( x 2 ) 1 2 f 1 ( x 2 ) F 3 ( x 2 ) f 3 ( x 2 ) F 1 ( x 2 ) } + f 2 ( x 1 ) { f 1 ( x 2 ) + 1 2 f 3 ( x 2 ) F 1 ( x 2 ) 1 2 f 3 ( x 2 ) F 1 ( x 2 ) f 1 ( x 2 ) F 3 ( x 2 ) } + f 3 ( x 1 ) { f 1 ( x 2 ) + 1 2 f 2 ( x 2 ) F 1 ( x 2 ) 1 2 f 2 ( x 2 ) F 1 ( x 2 ) f 1 ( x 2 ) F 2 ( x 2 ) } + f 3 ( x 1 ) { f 2 ( x 2 ) + 1 2 f 1 ( x 2 ) F 2 ( x 2 ) 1 2 f 1 ( x 2 ) F 2 ( x 2 ) f 2 ( x 2 ) F 1 ( x 2 ) } .

Moreover, the above identity in the iid case can be expressed by

f 1 , 2 : 3 ( x 1 , x 2 )=6f( x 1 )f( x 2 )6f( x 1 )f( x 2 )F( x 2 )+3f( x 1 ) f 2 ( x 2 ).

This result is obtained if i=1, j=2, and n=3 in equation (6) in Khatri [26].

If x 1 = x 2 == x p =x, it should be written as ∫∫∫ instead of ∫ in (3), where ∫∫∫ is to be carried out over the region: F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) v ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( p ) F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ), F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ), F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ),, F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ) v ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( p ) F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ).

Further on considering p=2, n=3, r 1 =1, r 2 =2, and v ς 5 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) =[ v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 )] f ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) f ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) + F ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) in (3), if X 1 , X 2 , X 3 are innid discrete random variables and for x 1 = x 2 =x, then

Moreover, the above identity in the iid case can be expressed by

= 6 F ( x ) f ( x ) 3 [ F ( x ) + F ( x ) ] f ( x ) 3 F 2 ( x ) f ( x ) + [ F 3 ( x ) F 3 ( x ) ] + 6 F ( x ) F ( x ) f ( x ) 3 [ F ( x ) + F ( x ) ] F ( x ) f ( x ) 6 F ( x ) F ( x ) f ( x ) + 3 [ F ( x ) + F ( x ) ] f ( x ) F ( x ) = 6 F ( x ) f ( x ) 3 F ( x ) f ( x ) 3 F ( x ) f ( x ) 3 F 2 ( x ) f ( x ) + F 3 ( x ) F 3 ( x ) = 3 f 2 ( x ) 3 F 2 ( x ) f ( x ) + f ( x ) [ 3 F 2 ( x ) 3 F ( x ) f ( x ) + f 2 ( x ) ] = f 3 ( x ) + 3 f 2 ( x ) [ 1 F ( x ) ] .

This result is obtained if r=1, s=2, and n=3 in equation (2.4.3) in David [23].

Furthermore, if x 1 x 2 x p , it should be written ∫∫∫ instead of ∫ in (3), where ∫∫∫ is to be carried out over the region: v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) v ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( p ) , F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ), F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ),, F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ) v ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( p ) F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ).

We now express the following theorem to obtain the joint df of order statistics of innid discrete random variables.

Theorem 3

(7)

Proof We have

F r 1 , r 2 , , r p : n ( x 1 , x 2 ,, x p )= z 1 , z 2 , , z p f r 1 , r 2 , , r p : n ( z 1 , z 2 ,, z p )
(8)

and using (1) in (8), (7) is obtained. □

The identity (7) can also be written in the form of an integral as follows.

Theorem 4

F r 1 , r 2 , , r p : n ( x 1 , x 2 ,, x p )= n ς 1 , n ς 2 , , n ς 2 p ( V w = 1 p + 1 i w = 1 r w r w 1 1 [ v ς 2 w 1 ( i w ) ( w ) v ς 2 w 1 ( i w ) ( w 1 ) ] ) w = 1 p d v ς 2 w ( 1 ) ( w ) .
(9)

Proof Using (3) in (8), (9) is obtained. □

3 Results for distribution and probability functions

In this section, the results related to pf and df of X r 1 : n , X r 2 : n ,, X r p : n will be determined. We express the following result for pf of the r th order statistic of innid discrete random variables.

Result 1

f r 1 : n ( x 1 ) = m 1 = 0 n r 1 k 1 = 0 r 1 1 n s 1 , n s 2 ( i 1 = 1 r 1 1 k 1 F s 1 ( i 1 ) ( x 1 ) ) ( i 2 = 1 k 1 + 1 + m 1 f s 2 ( i 2 ) ( x 1 ) ) i 3 = 1 n m 1 r 1 [ 1 F s 3 ( i 3 ) ( x 1 ) ] = n ς 1 , n ς 2 F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( i 1 = 1 r 1 1 v ς 1 ( i 1 ) ( 1 ) ) ( i 2 = 1 n r 1 [ 1 v ς 3 ( i 2 ) ( 1 ) ] ) d v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) .
(10)

Proof In (1) and (3), if p=1, (10) is obtained. □

In Result 2 and Result 3, the pf’s of minimum and maximum order statistics of innid discrete random variables are given respectively.

Result 2

f 1 : n ( x 1 ) = m 1 = 0 n 1 n s 2 ( i 2 = 1 1 + m 1 f s 2 ( i 2 ) ( x 1 ) ) i 3 = 1 n m 1 1 [ 1 F s 3 ( i 3 ) ( x 1 ) ] = n ς 2 F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( i 2 = 1 n 1 [ 1 v ς 3 ( i 2 ) ( 1 ) ] ) d v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) .
(11)

Proof In (10), if r 1 =1, (11) is obtained. □

Result 3

f n : n ( x 1 ) = k 1 = 0 n 1 n s 1 , n s 2 ( i 1 = 1 n 1 k 1 F s 1 ( i 1 ) ( x 1 ) ) i 2 = 1 k 1 + 1 f s 2 ( i 2 ) ( x 1 ) = n ς 1 , n ς 2 F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( i 1 = 1 n 1 v ς 1 ( i 1 ) ( 1 ) ) d v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) .
(12)

Proof In (10), if r 1 =n, (12) is obtained. □

In the following result, we determine the joint pf of X 1 : n , X 2 : n ,, X p : n .

Result 4 If x 1 x 2 x p ,

f 1 , 2 , , p : n ( x 1 , x 2 , , x p ) = m p = 0 n p n s 2 , n s 4 , , n s 2 p ( i 2 p + 1 = 1 n m p p [ 1 F s 2 p + 1 ( i 2 p + 1 ) ( x p ) ] ) w = 1 p i 2 w = 1 1 + m w f s 2 w ( i 2 w ) ( x w ) = n ς 2 , n ς 4 , , n ς 2 p ( i p + 1 = 1 n p [ 1 v ς 2 p + 1 ( i p + 1 ) ( p ) ] ) w = 1 p d v ς 2 w ( 1 ) ( w ) ,
(13)

where ∫∫is to be carried out over the region: v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) v ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( p ) , F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ), F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ),, F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ) v ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( p ) F ς 2 p ( 1 ) ( x p ).

Proof In (1) and (3), if r 1 =1, r 2 =2,, r p =p and ∫∫∫ instead of ∫, (13) is obtained. □

Specially, in (13), by taking p=2, n=3 and v ς 5 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) =[ v ς 4 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) F ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 )] f ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) f ς 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) + F ς 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ), the following identity is obtained

f 1 , 2 : 3 ( x 1 , x 2 ) = n s 2 , n s 4 ( 1 F s 5 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) ) f s 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) f s 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) + n s 2 f s 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) f s 4 ( 1 ) ( x 2 ) f s 4 ( 2 ) ( x 2 ) = ( 1 F 1 ( x 2 ) ) f 2 ( x 1 ) f 3 ( x 2 ) + ( 1 F 1 ( x 2 ) ) f 3 ( x 1 ) f 2 ( x 2 ) + ( 1 F 2 ( x 2 ) ) f 3 ( x 1 ) f 1 ( x 2 ) + ( 1 F 2 ( x 2 ) ) f 1 ( x 1 ) f 3 ( x 2 ) + ( 1 F 3 ( x 2 ) ) f 1 ( x 1 ) f 2 ( x 2 ) + ( 1 F 3 ( x 2 ) ) f 2 ( x 1 ) f 1 ( x 2 ) + f 1 ( x 2 ) f 2 ( x 2 ) f 3 ( x 1 ) + f 2 ( x 2 ) f 1 ( x 2 ) f 3 ( x 1 ) + f 3 ( x 2 ) f 1 ( x 2 ) f 2 ( x 1 ) .

Moreover, the above identity in the iid case can be expressed as

f 1 , 2 : 3 ( x 1 , x 2 )=6f( x 1 )f( x 2 )6f( x 1 )f( x 2 )F( x 2 )+3f( x 1 ) f 2 ( x 2 ).

We now establish three results for the df of single order statistic of innid discrete random variables.

Result 5

F r 1 : n ( x 1 ) = z 1 = 0 x 1 m 1 = 0 n r 1 k 1 = 0 r 1 1 n s 1 , n s 2 ( i 1 = 1 r 1 1 k 1 F s 1 ( i 1 ) ( z 1 ) ) ( i 2 = 1 k 1 + 1 + m 1 f s 2 ( i 2 ) ( z 1 ) ) i 3 = 1 n m 1 r 1 [ 1 F s 3 ( i 3 ) ( z 1 ) ] = n ς 1 , n ς 2 0 F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( i 1 = 1 r 1 1 v ς 1 ( i 1 ) ( 1 ) ) ( i 2 = 1 n r 1 [ 1 v ς 3 ( i 2 ) ( 1 ) ] ) d v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) .
(14)

Proof In (7) and (9), if p=1, (14) is obtained. □

Result 6

F 1 : n ( x 1 ) = z 1 = 0 x 1 m 1 = 0 n 1 n s 2 ( i 2 = 1 1 + m 1 f s 2 ( i 2 ) ( z 1 ) ) i 3 = 1 n m 1 1 [ 1 F s 3 ( i 3 ) ( z 1 ) ] = n ς 2 0 F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( i 2 = 1 n 1 [ 1 v ς 3 ( i 2 ) ( 1 ) ] ) d v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) .
(15)

Proof In (14), if r 1 =1, (15) is obtained. □

Result 7

F n : n ( x 1 ) = z 1 = 0 x 1 k 1 = 0 n 1 n s 1 , n s 2 ( i 1 = 1 n 1 k 1 F s 1 ( i 1 ) ( z 1 ) ) i 2 = 1 k 1 + 1 f s 2 ( i 2 ) ( z 1 ) = n ς 1 , n ς 2 0 F ς 2 ( 1 ) ( x 1 ) ( i 1 = 1 n 1 v ς 1 ( i 1 ) ( 1 ) ) d v ς 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) .
(16)

Proof In (14), if r 1 =n, (16) is obtained. □

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Güngör, M., Bulut, Y. & Yüzbaşı, B. On joint distributions of order statistics for a discrete case. J Inequal Appl 2012, 264 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2012-264

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