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Generalized Gronwall-Bellman-type discrete inequalities and their applications
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2011, Article number: 47 (2011)
Abstract
In this paper, some new nonlinear Gronwall-Bellman-type discrete inequalities are established, which can be used as a handy tool in the research of qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions of certain difference equations. The established results generalize some of the recent results obtained by Cheung and Ma, respectively.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 26D15
1 Introduction
In the past few years, the research of Gronwall-Bellman-type finite difference inequalities has been payed much attention by many authors, which play an important role in the study of qualitative as well as quantitative properties of solutions of difference equations, such as boundedness, stability, existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence and so on. Many difference inequalities have been established (see [1]-[11] and the references therein). But in the analysis of some certain difference equations, the bounds provided by the earlier inequalities are inadequate and it is necessary to seek some new discrete inequalities in order to obtain a diversity of desired results. Our aim in this paper is to establish some new nonlinear Gronwall-Bellman-type discrete inequalities, which provide new bounds for unknown functions lying in these inequalities. We will illustrate the usefulness of the established results by applying them to study the boundedness, uniqueness, and continuous dependence on initial data of solutions of certain difference equations. Our results generalize some of the results in [1, 2].
Throughout this paper, R denotes the set of real numbers and R+ = [0, ∞), while Z denotes the set of integers. The definition domain and the image of a function f are denoted by Dom(f) and Im(f), respectively. I := [m0, ∞) ⋂ Z and J := [n0, ∞) ⋂ Z are two fixed lattices of integral points in R. Let Ω := I × J ⊂ Z2, and ℘(Ω) denotes the set of all R-valued functions on Ω, while ℘+(Ω) denotes the set of all R+-valued functions on Ω. For the sake of convenience, we extend the domain of definition of each function in ℘(Ω) and ℘+(Ω) trivially to the ambient space Z2. So, for example, a function in ℘(Ω) is regarded as a function defined on Z2 with support in ℘(Ω). As usual, the collection of all continuous functions of a topological space X into a topological space Y will be denoted by C(X, Y). Finally, the partial difference operators Δ1 and Δ2 on u ∈ ℘(Z2) are defined as Δ1u(m, n) = u(m + 1, n) - u(m, n), Δ2u(m, n) = u(m, n + 1) - u(m, n).
2 Main results
Theorem 1 Let Ω(s, t)= ([m0, s] × [n0, t]) ⋂ Ω, (s, t) ∈ Ω. Suppose u(m, n), a(m, n), k(m, n), b(m, n) ∈ ℘+(Ω), and a, k are nondecreasing in every variable. η, φ ∈ C(R+, R+), and η are strictly increasing, while φ is nondecreasing with φ(r) > 0 for r > 0. If for (m, n) ∈ Ω, u(m, n), satisfies the following inequality
then for, we have
where
and m1, n1are chosen so that for,
Proof Given , and let (m, n) ∈ Ω(X, Y). Then considering a, k are both nondecreasing, from (1), we have
Let the right side of (5) be v(m, n). Then
and
On the other hand, according to the Mean-Value Theorem for integrals, there exists ξ such that v(m, n) ≤ ξ ≤ v(m + 1, n), and
Combining (7) and (8), we obtain
Setting m = s, and a summary on both sides of (9) with respect to s from m0 to m - 1 yields
that is,
Considering G is strictly increasing, and v(m0, n) = a(X, Y), it follows
Combining (6) and (12), we have
Take m = X, n = Y in (13), yields
Since are selected arbitrarily, then in fact (14) holds for , that is
which is the desired result. â–¡
Remark 1 If we take a(m, n) ≡ c, k(m, n) ≡ 1, η(u) = uα in Theorem 2.1, where c ≥ 0, α > 0 are constants, then Theorem 2.1 reduces to [1, Theorem 2.1].
Corollary 1 Under the conditions of Theorem 2.1, if for (m, n) ∈ Ω, u(m, n) satisfies the following inequality
then for, we have
where
Remark 2 In Corollary 2.2, if we take η for different functions, then we have various bounds for u(m, n). For example, if we take η(u) = u, then we obtain u(m, n) ≤ a(m, n)eJ(m, n), while , if we take η(u) = up , a(m, n) ≡ C, k(m, n) ≡ 1.
Following in a same manner as the proof of Theorem 2.1, we can obtain the following three theorems.
Theorem 2 Let Ω(s, t)= ([m0, s] × [t, ∞)) ⋂ Ω, (s, t) ∈ Ω. Suppose u, a, k, b, η, φ are defined the same as in Theorem 2.1. If for (m, n) ∈ Ω, u(m, n) satisfies the following inequality
then for, we have
where G is defined as in Theorem 2.1, and m1, n1are chosen so that for, .
Theorem 3 Let Ω(s, t)= ([s, ∞) × [n0, t]) ⋂ Ω, (s, t) ∈ Ω. Suppose u, a, k, b, η, φ are defined the same as in Theorem 2.1. If for (m, n) ∈ Ω, u(m, n) satisfies the following inequality
then for, we have
where G is defined as in Theorem 2.1, and m1, n1are chosen so that for, .
Theorem 4 Let Ω(s, t)= ([s, ∞) × [t, ∞)) ⋂ Ω, (s, t) ∈ Ω. Suppose u, a, k, b, η, φ are defined the same as in Theorem 2.1. If for (m, n) ∈ Ω, u(m, n) satisfies the following inequality
then for, we have
where G is defined as in Theorem 2.1, and m1, n1are chosen so that for, .
In the following theorem, we will study a class of Volterra-Fredholm type difference inequality.
Theorem 5 Suppose u, η, φ are defined as in Theorem 2.1, a ∈ ℘+(Ω), M, N, C are constants, and M ∈ [m0, ∞) ⋂ Z, N ∈ [n0, ∞) ⋂ Z, C ≥ 0. If for (m, n) ∈ Ω, u(m, n) satisfies the following inequality
then we have
provided thatis strictly increasing for z ≥ C, where G is defined as in (3).
Proof Suppose C > 0, and let the right side of (24) be v(m, n). Then
and
Furthermore,
On the other hand, according to the Mean-Value Theorem for integrals, there exists ξ such that v(m, n) ≤ ξ ≤ v(m + 1, n), and
Combining (28) and (29), we obtain
Setting m = s, and a summary on both sides of (30) with respect to s from m0 to m - 1 yields
that is,
Considering G is strictly increasing, then it follows
Take m = M, n = N in (33), we obtain
So,
that is,
which is rewritten as
Since is strictly increasing, then furthermore we have
Combining (26), (33), and (38), we obtain the desired inequality.
If C = 0, we can substitute C with ε > 0 in the proof above and then after letting ε → 0, we obtain the desired result. □
Remark 3 If we take η(u) = u in Theorem 2.6, then Theorem 2.6 reduces to [2, Theorem 2.1].
Corollary 2 Under the conditions of Theorem 2.6, if C > 0, and for (m, n) ∈ Ω, u(m, n) satisfies the following inequality
then we have
provided that eJ(M, N)< 2, where.
Proof From Theorem 2.6, considering η = φ, we have
and
Combining (25), (41) and (42), we can deduce the desired result. â–¡
Remark 4 In Corollary 2.7, if we take η for different functions, then we have various bounds foe u(m, n). For example, if we take η(u) = u, then we obtain . If we take η(u) = up , then we obtain .
Theorem 6 Suppose u, η, φ, a, C, G are defined as in Theorem 2.6. Define. Furthermore, assumeis increasing, and ∃ξ ≥ C such that. If for (m, n) ∈ Ω, u(m, n) satisfies (24), then
Proof Let the right side of (24) be v(m, n). Then
Similar to the process of (26)-(32), we deduce
and
that is, . Considering , then . Since is increasing, then
Combining (45) and (47), we obtain
Then by (44) and (48), we obtain the desired inequality. â–¡
Remark 5 If we take η(u) = u in Theorem 2.8, then Theorem 2.8 reduces to [2, Theorem 2.1'].
3 Applications
In this section, we will present some applications for the established results above, and show that they are useful in the study of boundedness, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of solutions of certain difference equations.
Example 1 Consider the following difference equation
with the initial condition
where u ∈ ℘+(Ω), F : Ω × R+ → R, f : I → R, g : J → R.
Theorem 7 Suppose u(m, n) is a solution of (49) and (50), and |F(m, n, u)| ≤ b(m, n)up , ef(m)+ eg(n)≤ C, where p, C are constants, and p > 1, C > 0, b ∈ ℘+(Ω), then for, we have
where
, and m1, n1are chosen so that for, .
Proof The equivalent form of (49) and (50) can be denoted by
So,
Then, a suitable application of Theorem 2.1 (with η(u) = eα , φ(u) = up ) to (54) yields the desired result. □
Lemma 1 For any u1, u2 ∈ R+, we have
Proof Without loss of generality, we assume u1 ≥ u2, and let u2 be fixed. Define . Then we have f'(z) = e z - 1 ≥ o for z ≥ u2 ≥ 0, which shows f(z) is nondecreasing on [u2, ∞). So f(u1) ≥ f(u2) = 0, that is, , which shows . □
Theorem 8 Assume u1, u2are two solutions of (49) and (50), and |F(m, n, u1) - F(m, n, u2)| ≤ b(m, n)|u1 - u2|, ∀(m, n) ∈ Ω, where b ∈ ℘+(Ω), then u1 ≡ u2, that is, (49) and (50) has at most one solution.
Proof Since u1, u2 are two solutions of (49) and (50), then from (49), (50), and (53), we have
and
By (56) and (57) and Lemma 3.2, we deduce
A suitable application of Corollary 2.2 to (58) yields , which implies u1 ≡ u2, and the proof is complete.
The following theorem deals with the continuous dependence of the solution of (49) and (50) on the function F and the initial value f(m), g(n). â–¡
Theorem 9 Assume u(m, n) is the solution of (49) and (50), |F(m, n, u1) - F(m, n, u2)| ≤ b(m, n)|u1 - u2|, ∀(m, n) ∈ Ω, where b ∈ ℘+(Ω), , where ε > 0 is a constant. Furthermore, assume, is the solution of the following difference equation
with the initial condition
where, , , then
where
Proof From (59) and (60), we deduce
Then by a combination of (53) and (63), we deduce
After a suitable application of Corollary 2.2 to (64), we obtain . So from Lemma 3.2, it follows , which is the desired result. â–¡
Example 2 Consider the following Volterra-Fredholm sum-difference equation
with the initial condition
where u ∈ ℘(Ω), F : Ω × R → R, f : I → R, g : J → R, p ≥ 1 is an odd number.
Theorem 10 Suppose u(m, n) is a solution of (65) and (66), and |F(m, n, u)| ≤ a(m, n) |u| p , |fp (m) + gp (n)| ≤ C, where C > 0 is a constant, and a ∈ ℘+(Ω), then we have
provided eJ(M, N)< 2, where
Proof From (65) and (66), we have
Then a suitable application of Corollary 2.7 to (69) yields the desired result. â–¡
Theorem 11 Assume, ∀(m, n) ∈ Ω, where a ∈ ℘+(Ω), and eJ(M, N)< 2, where, then (65) and (66) has at most one solution.
Proof Suppose u1, u2 are two solutions of (65) and (66), then from (65) and (66), we have
A suitable application of Corollary 2.7 to (70) yields , that is, , ∀(m, n) ∈ Ω. Since p is an odd number, then u1(m, n) = u2(m, n), which implies (65) and (66) has at most one solution.
Similar to Theorem 3.4, we have the following result showing the continuous dependence of the solution of (65) and (66) on the function F and the initial data f(m), g(n). â–¡
Theorem 12 Assume u(m, n) is the solution of (65) and (66), , ∀(m, n) ∈ Ω, where a ∈ ℘+(Ω), , where ε > 0 is a constant. Furthermore, assume, is the solution of the following difference equation
with the initial condition
where, , , then
provided that eJ(M, N)< 2, where.
The proof for Theorem 3.7 is similar to Theorem 3.4, and we omit it here.
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Acknowledgements
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10571110), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2009AM011 and ZR2010AZ003) (China) and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20103705110003)(China). The authors thank the referees very much for their careful comments and valuable suggestions on this paper.
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QF carried out the main part of this article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Feng, Q., Meng, F. & Zhang, Y. Generalized Gronwall-Bellman-type discrete inequalities and their applications. J Inequal Appl 2011, 47 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2011-47
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2011-47
Keywords
- Discrete inequalities
- Difference equations
- Explicit bounds
- Qualitative analysis
- Quantitative analysis