f -asymptotically lacunary ideal equivalence of double sequences

Nimet Pancaroǧlu Akın

doi:10.1186/s13660-019-2175-7

Research
Open Access
Published: 22 August 2019

f-asymptotically lacunary ideal equivalence of double sequences

Nimet Pancaroǧlu Akın¹

Journal of Inequalities and Applicationsvolume 2019, Article number: 224 (2019) | Download Citation

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Abstract

In this study, we present the notions of f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalence, strongly f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalence, f-asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalence, and strongly f-asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalence of double sequences and investigate some relationships between them. Also, we examine some relationships between strongly f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalence and asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-statistical equivalence and between strongly f-asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalence and asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-statistical equivalence of double sequences.

Introduction and background

Throughout the paper, $\mathbb{N}$ is the set of all positive integers, and $\mathbb{R}$ is the set of all real numbers. The concept of convergence of a sequence of real numbers has been extended to statistical convergence independently by Fast [14] and Schoenberg [39]. Fridy and Orhan [15] studied lacunary statistical convergence. This concept was extended to the double sequences by Mursaleen and Edely [28]. A lot of development have been made in this area after the works of [1, 2, 13, 25,26,27].

The idea of $\mathcal{I}$-convergence was introduced by Kostyrko, S̆alát, and Wilczyński [20] as a generalization of statistical convergence. Das et al. [4] introduced the concept of $\mathcal{I}$-convergence of double sequences in a metric space and studied some properties of this convergence. A lot of development have been made in this area after the works of [5,6,7,8,9,10,11, 29,30,31,32, 40, 44].

Marouf [24] presented definitions for asymptotically equivalent and asymptotic regular matrices. Patterson [35] presented asymptotically statistically equivalent sequences for nonnegative summability matrices. Dündar et al. [12] defined asymptotically $\mathcal{I}^{\sigma }_{2}$-equivalent, asymptotically invariant equivalent, strongly asymptotically invariant equivalent, and p-strongly asymptotically invariant equivalent for double sequences. Ulusu and Dündar [42] introduced the concepts of asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-invariant equivalence, asymptotically lacunary $\sigma _{2}$-equivalence, and asymptotically lacunary invariant $S_{2}$-equivalence of double sequences. Hazarika and Kumar [16] studied asymptotically double lacunary statistically equivalent sequences in ideal context.

The modulus function was introduced by Nakano [33]. Maddox [23], Pehlivan [37], and many authors used the modulus function f to define some new concepts and inclusion theorems. Kumar and Sharma [21] studied lacunary equivalent sequences by ideals and the modulus function. Also, several authors define some new concepts and give inclusion theorems using a modulus function f (see [17, 18]).

Now we recall the basic concepts and some definitions (see [3, 15, 19, 20, 22,23,24, 34,35,36,37,38, 41, 43]).

By a lacunary sequence we mean an increasing integer sequence $\theta =\{k_{r}\}$ such that $k_{0}=0$ and $h_{r}=k_{r}-k _{r-1}\rightarrow \infty $ as $r\rightarrow \infty $. Throughout the paper, we let $\theta =\{k_{r}\}$ be a lacunary sequence.

A double sequence $\theta _{2} = \{(k_{r},j_{u})\}$ is called a double lacunary sequence if there exist two increasing sequences of integers such that $k_{0}=0$, $h_{r}= k_{r}-k_{r-1}\rightarrow \infty $ and $j_{0}=0$, $\bar{h}_{u}= j_{u}-j_{u-1}\rightarrow \infty $ as $r,u\rightarrow \infty $. We further use the following notations:

$$\begin{aligned}& k_{ru}= k_{r}j_{u}, \qquad h_{ru}= h_{r}\bar{h}_{u}, \qquad I_{ru}=\bigl\{ (k,j): k_{r-1}< k\leq k_{r} \textrm{ and } j_{u-1}< j\leq j_{u}\bigr\} , \\& q_{r}=\frac{k_{r}}{k_{r-1}} \quad \textrm{and}\quad q_{u}= \frac{j_{u}}{j_{u-1}}. \end{aligned}$$

Throughout the paper, we let $\theta _{2} = \{(k_{r},j_{u})\}$ be a double lacunary sequence.

A family of sets $\mathcal{I}\subseteq 2^{\mathbb{N}}$ is called an ideal if and only if

(i)
$\emptyset \in \mathcal{I}$,
(ii)
for all $A,B\in \mathcal{I}$, we have $A\cup B\in \mathcal{I}$,
(iii)
for each $A\in \mathcal{I}$ and each $B\subseteq A$, we have $B\in \mathcal{I}$.

An ideal is called nontrivial if $\mathbb{N}\notin \mathcal{I}$, and a nontrivial ideal is called admissible if $\{ n \}\in \mathcal{I}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Throughout the paper, we let $\mathcal{I}$ be an admissible ideal.

A nontrivial ideal $\mathcal{I}_{2}$ of $\mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{N}$ is called a strongly admissible ideal if $\{i\}\times \mathbb{N}$ and $\mathbb{N}\times \{i\} $ belong to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$ for each $i \in N$.

Throughout the paper, we let $\mathcal{I}_{2}$ be a strongly admissible ideal in $\mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{N}$.

It is evident that a strongly admissible ideal is admissible.

We denote $\mathcal{I}_{2}^{0} = \{A \subset \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: (\exists m(A)\in \mathbb{N})\ (i,j \geq m(A) \Rightarrow (i,j) \notin A)\}$. Then $\mathcal{I}_{2}^{0}$ is a strongly admissible ideal, and clearly an ideal $\mathcal{I}_{2}$ is strongly admissible if and only if $\mathcal{I}_{2}^{0} \subset \mathcal{I}_{2}$.

Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{k})$ and $y=(y_{k})$ are said to be asymptotically equivalent if $\lim_{k\rightarrow \infty }\frac{x _{k}}{y_{k}}=1$ (denoted by $x\sim y$).

Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{k})$ and $y=(y_{k})$ are said to be asymptotically statistically equivalent of multiple L if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty }\frac{1}{n} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ k \leq n: \biggl\vert \frac{x_{k}}{y_{k}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert =0 \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x\overset{S_{L}}{\sim }y$) and simply asymptotically statistically equivalent, if $L=1$.

Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{k})$ and $y=(y_{k})$ are said to be strongly asymptotically equivalent of multiple L with respect to the ideal $\mathcal{I}$ if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl\{ n\in \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{k}}{y _{k}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \Biggr\} \in \mathcal{I} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{k}\overset{{\mathcal{I(\omega )}}}{\sim }y_{k}$) and simply strongly asymptotically equivalent with respect to the ideal $\mathcal{I}$ if $L=1$.

Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{k})$ and $y=(y_{k})$ are said to be strongly asymptotically lacunary equivalent of multiple L with respect to the ideal $\mathcal{I}$ if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ r\in \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{h_{r}}\sum_{k\in I_{r}} \biggl\vert \frac{x _{k}}{y_{k}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{k}\overset{{\mathcal{I}(N_{\theta })}}{\sim }y_{k}$) and simply strongly asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}$-equivalent with respect to the ideal $\mathcal{I}$ if $L=1$.

Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{k})$ and $y=(y_{k})$ are said to be asymptotically lacunary statistically equivalent of multiple L with respect to the ideal $\mathcal{I}$ if for all $\varepsilon >0$ and $\gamma >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ r\in \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{h_{r}} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ k\in I_{r}: \biggl\vert \frac{x_{k}}{y_{k}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert \geq \gamma \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{k}\overset{{\mathcal{I(S_{\theta })}}}{\sim }y_{k}$) and simply asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}$-statistically equivalent if $L=1$.

A function $f:[0,\infty )\rightarrow [0,\infty )$ is called a modulus if

1.
$f(x)=0$ if and if only if $x=0$,
2.
$f(x+y)\leq f(x)+f(y)$,
3.
f is increasing, and
4.
f is continuous from the right at 0.

A modulus may be unbounded (for example, $f(x)=x^{p}$, $0< p<1$) or bounded (for example, $f(x)=\frac{x}{x+1}$).

Let f be a modulus function. Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{k})$ and $y=(y_{k})$ are said to be f-asymptotically equivalent of multiple L with respect to the ideal $\mathcal{I}$ if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ k\in \mathbb{N}:f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{k}}{y_{k}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{k}\overset{{\mathcal{I}(f)}}{\sim }y_{k}$) and simply f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}$-equivalent if $L=1$.

Let f be a modulus function. Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{k})$ and $y=(y_{k})$ are said to be strongly f-asymptotically equivalent of multiple L with respect to the ideal $\mathcal{I}$ if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl\{ n\in \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{n}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{k}}{y_{k}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr)\geq \varepsilon \Biggr\} \in \mathcal{I} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{k}\overset{{\mathcal{I}(\omega _{f})}}{\sim }y_{k}$)) and simply strongly f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}$-equivalent if $L=1$.

Let f be a modulus function. Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{k})$ and $y=(y_{k})$ are said to be strongly f-asymptotically lacunary equivalent of multiple L with respect to the ideal $\mathcal{I}$ if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ r\in \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{h_{r}}\sum_{k\in I_{r}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{k}}{y_{k}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr)\geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{k}\overset{{\mathcal{I}(N_{\theta }^{f})}}{\sim }y _{k}$)) and simply strongly f-asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}$-equivalent if $L=1$.

Two nonnegative double sequences $x=(x_{kj})$ and $y=(y_{kj})$ are said to be asymptotically strongly $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent of multiple L if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{mn}\sum _{k,j=1} ^{m,n} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \Biggr\} \in \mathcal{I}_{2} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{2}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$) and simply asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-statistical equivalent if $L=1$.

Two nonnegative double sequences $x=(x_{kj})$ and $y=(y_{kj})$ are said to be asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-statistically equivalent of multiple L if for all $\varepsilon >0$ and each $\gamma >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{mn} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ k,j\leq m,n: \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert \geq \gamma \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I}_{2} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{kj}\overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}(S)}}{\sim }y_{kj}$) and simply asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-statistically equivalent if $L=1$.

Two nonnegative double sequences $x=(x_{kj})$ and $y=(y_{kj})$ are said to be asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent of multiple L if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{h_{ru}} \sum _{(k,j)\in I_{ru}} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I}_{2} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}]}{\sim }y _{kj}$) and simply strongly asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent if $L=1$.

Two nonnegative double sequences $x=(x_{kj})$ and $y=(y_{kj})$ are said to be asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-statistically equivalent of multiple L if for all $\varepsilon >0$ and $\gamma >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{h_{ru}} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ (k,j)\in I_{ru}: \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert \geq \gamma \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I}_{2} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{kj}\overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}(S_{\theta })}}{\sim }y _{kj}$) and simply asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-statistically equivalent if $L=1$.

Lemma 1

([37])

Let f be a modulus, and let $0<\delta <1$. Then, for each $x\geq \delta $, we have $f(x)\leq 2f(1)\delta ^{-1}x$.

Main results

Definition 2.1

Let f be a modulus function. Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{kj})$ and $y=(y_{kj})$ are said to be f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent of multiple L if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ (k,j)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N} :f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I}_{2} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{kj}\overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)}{\sim }y_{kj}$) and simply f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent if $L=1$.

Definition 2.2

Let f be a modulus function. The two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{kj})$ and $y=(y_{kj})$ are said to be strongly f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent of multiple L if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{mn}\sum _{k,j=1} ^{m,n}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr)\geq \varepsilon \Biggr\} \in \mathcal{I}_{2} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$) and simply strongly f-asymptotically $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent if $L=1$.

Theorem 2.1

Let f be a modulus function. Then $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Proof

Suppose that $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$, and let $\varepsilon >0$ be given. Select $0<\delta <1$ such that $f(t)<\varepsilon $ for $0\leq t\leq \delta $. We can write

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{mn}\sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) = & \frac{1}{mn} \sum_{\substack{k,j=1\\ \vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \vert \leq \delta }}^{m,n} f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ & {}+ \frac{1}{mn} {\sum_{\substack{k,j=1\\\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \vert > \delta}}^{m,n}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr), \end{aligned}$$

and so by Lemma 1

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{mn}\sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) < \varepsilon + \biggl(\frac{2f(1)}{\delta } \biggr) \frac{1}{mn} \sum _{k,j=1}^{m,n} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert . \end{aligned}$$

Thus, for any $\gamma >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} & \Biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{mn}\sum _{k,j=1}^{m,n}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \gamma \Biggr\} \\ & \quad \subseteq \Biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{mn} \sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \frac{(\gamma -\varepsilon )\delta }{2f(1)} \Biggr\} . \end{aligned}$$

Since $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$, it follows that the second set and thus the first set in the above expression belong to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$. This proves that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. □

Theorem 2.2

If $\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{f(t)}{t}=\alpha >0$, then $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Leftrightarrow x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Proof

We showed that $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}]}{\sim }y_{kj} \Rightarrow x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$ in Theorem 2.1. Now we must show that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Let $\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{f(t)}{t}=\alpha >0$. Then we have $f(t)\geq \alpha t$ for all $t\geq 0$. Assume that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. Since

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{mn}\sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n} f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq & \frac{1}{mn}{\sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n}} \alpha \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) =\alpha \Biggl(\frac{1}{mn}{\sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n}} \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \Biggr), \end{aligned}$$

it follows that for each $\varepsilon >0$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \Biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{mn}\sum _{k,j=1}^{m,n} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \Biggr\} \\ & \quad \subseteq \Biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{mn} \sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \alpha \varepsilon \Biggr\} . \end{aligned}$$

Since $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$, it follows that the latter set and hence the former set in the above expression belong to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$. This proves that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Leftrightarrow x _{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. □

Definition 2.3

Let f be a modulus function. Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{kj})$ and $y=(y_{kj})$ are said to be f-asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent of multiple L if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ (k,j)\in I_{ru}:f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I}_{2} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)}{\sim }y_{kj}$)) and simply f-asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent if $L=1$.

Definition 2.4

Let f be a modulus function. Two nonnegative sequences $x=(x_{kj})$ and $y=(y_{kj})$ are said to be strongly f-asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent of multiple L if for every $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{h_{ru}} \sum _{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \in \mathcal{I}_{2} \end{aligned}$$

(denoted by $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$)) and simply strongly f-asymptotically lacunary $\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalent if $L=1$.

Theorem 2.3

Let f be a modulus function. Then, $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x _{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Proof

Let $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$, and let $\varepsilon >0$ be given. Choose $0<\delta <1$ such that $f(t)<\varepsilon $ for $0\leq t\leq \delta $. We can write

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{h_{ru}}\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) = &\frac{1}{h_{ru}} {\sum _{\substack{(k,j)\in I _{ru}\\\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \vert \leq \delta}}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ &{} + \frac{1}{h_{ru}} {\sum_{\substack{(k,j)\in I_{ru}\\\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \vert > \delta}}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr), \end{aligned}$$

and so by Lemma 1

$$ \frac{1}{h_{ru}}\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr)< \varepsilon + \biggl( \frac{2f(1)}{\delta } \biggr)\frac{1}{h_{ru}}\sum _{(k,j)\in I_{r}} \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert . $$

Thus, for each any $\gamma >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{h_{ru}} \sum _{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \gamma \biggr\} \\ & \quad \subseteq \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{h _{ru}}\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \frac{(\gamma -\varepsilon )\delta }{2f(1)} \biggr\} . \end{aligned}$$

Since $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$, it follows that the latter set and hence the former set in the above expression belong to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$. This proves that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. □

Theorem 2.4

If $\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{f(t)}{t}=\alpha >0$, then $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj} \Leftrightarrow x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}]}{\sim }y_{kj} $.

Proof

We showed that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x _{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$ in Theorem 2.3. Now we must show that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Let $\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{f(t)}{t}=\alpha >0$. Then we have $f(t)\geq \alpha t$ for all $t\geq 0$. Assume that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. From

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{h_{ru}}\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq & \frac{1}{h_{ru}}{\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}}\alpha \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ & \\ =& \alpha \biggl(\frac{1}{h_{ru}}{\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \end{aligned}$$

it follows that for each $\varepsilon >0$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{h_{ru}} \sum _{(k,j)\in I_{ru}} \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \\ & \quad \subseteq \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{h _{ru}}\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \alpha \varepsilon \biggr\} . \end{aligned}$$

Since $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y _{kj}$, it follows that the latter set and hence the former set in the above expression belong to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$. This proves that $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Leftrightarrow x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. □

Theorem 2.5

Let f be a modulus function. If $\liminf_{r,u}q_{r,u}>1$, then

$$\begin{aligned} x_{kj}\overset{\bigl[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f) \bigr]}{\sim }y_{kj}\quad \Rightarrow\quad x _{kj}\overset{\bigl[{ \mathcal{I}_{\theta _{2}}^{L}}(f)\bigr]}{\sim }y_{kj}. \end{aligned}$$

Proof

Suppose that $\liminf_{r,u}q_{r,u}>1$. Then there exists $\eta >0$ such that $q_{r,u}\geq 1+\eta $ for sufficiently large r, u. Then we have

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{h_{ru}}{k_{r}j_{u}}\geq \frac{\eta }{1+\eta }. \end{aligned}$$

Let $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. For sufficiently large r, u, we have

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{k_{r}j_{u}}\sum_{k,j=1,1}^{k_{r}j_{u}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq & \frac{1}{k_{r}j_{u}}{\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}} f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ = & \biggl(\frac{h_{ru}}{k_{r}j_{u}} \biggr)\frac{1}{h_{ru}}{\sum _{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ \geq & \frac{\eta }{1 +\eta }\frac{1}{h_{ru}} {\sum _{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr), \end{aligned}$$

which gives, for any $\varepsilon >0$,

$$\begin{aligned} & \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{h_{ru}} \sum _{(k,j)\in I_{ru}} f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr)\geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \\ & \quad \subseteq \Biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{k _{r}j_{u}}\sum_{k,j=1,1}^{k_{r}j_{u}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \frac{\varepsilon \eta }{1+\eta } \Biggr\} . \end{aligned}$$

Since $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$, it follows that the latter set and hence the former set belong to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$. This shows that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{\theta _{2}}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. □

Theorem 2.6

Let f be a modulus function. Then, $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}(S)}}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Proof

Assume that $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$, and let $\varepsilon >0$ be given. From

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{mn}\sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq & \frac{1}{mn} {\sum_{\substack{k,j=1\\\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \vert \geq \varepsilon}}^{n}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ \geq & f(\varepsilon )\cdot\frac{1}{mn} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ k\leq m, j \leq n: \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert \end{aligned}$$

it follows that for any $\gamma >0$, we have

$$\begin{aligned}& \biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{mn} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ k\leq m, j\leq n: \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert \geq \frac{\gamma }{f(\varepsilon )} \biggr\} \\& \quad \subseteq \Biggl\{ (m,n)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{mn} \sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n} f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr)\geq \gamma \Biggr\} . \end{aligned}$$

Since $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$, it follows the latter set and hence the former set in the above expression belong to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$. Therefore $x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}(S)}}{\sim }y_{kj}$. □

Theorem 2.7

Let f be a modulus function. If f is bounded, then $x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}(S)}}{\sim }y_{kj}\Leftrightarrow x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj} $.

Proof

We showed that $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y _{kj}\Rightarrow x_{kj}\overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}(S)}}{\sim }y_{kj}$ in Theorem 2.6. Now we must show that $x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}(S)}}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Assume that f is bounded and let $x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}_{2}(S)}}{\sim }y_{kj}$. Since f is bounded, there exists a positive real number M such that $|f(x)|\leq M$ for all $x\geq 0$. We have

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{mn}\sum_{k,j=1}^{m,n}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) = & \frac{1}{mn} {\sum_{\substack{k,j=1\\\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \vert \geq \varepsilon}}^{m,n}} f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ &{} +\frac{1}{mn} {\sum_{\substack{k,j=1\\\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \vert < \varepsilon}}^{m,n}} f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ \leq & \frac{M}{mn} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ k\leq m, j\leq n: \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert +f( \varepsilon ). \end{aligned}$$

This proves that $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}_{2}^{L}}(f)]}{\sim }y _{kj}$. □

Theorem 2.8

Let f be a modulus function. Then $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x_{kj}\overset{{\mathcal{I}(S_{\theta _{2})}}}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Proof

Assume that $x_{k} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{k}$, and let $\varepsilon >0$ be given. From

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{h_{ru}}\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq & \frac{1}{h_{ru}} {\sum_{\substack{(k,j)\in I_{ru}\\\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \vert \geq \varepsilon}}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ \geq & f(\varepsilon )\cdot\frac{1}{h_{ru}} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ (k,j) \in I_{ru}: \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert \end{aligned}$$

it follows that for any $\gamma >0$,

$$\begin{aligned}& \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}:\frac{1}{h_{ru}} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ (k,j)\in I_{ru}: \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert \geq \gamma \biggr\} \\& \quad \subseteq \biggl\{ (r,u)\in \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{N}: \frac{1}{h _{ru}} \sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \geq \gamma f(\varepsilon ) \biggr\} . \end{aligned}$$

Since $x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y _{kj}$, the last set belongs to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$, and so by the definition of an ideal the first set belongs to $\mathcal{I}_{2}$. Therefore $x_{kj}\overset{{\mathcal{I}(S_{\theta _{2}})}}{\sim }y_{kj}$. □

Theorem 2.9

Let f be a modulus function. If f is bounded, then $x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}(S_{\theta _{2}})}}{\sim }y_{kj}\Leftrightarrow x_{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Proof

We showed that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x_{kj}\overset{{\mathcal{I}(S_{\theta _{2}})}}{\sim }y_{kj}$ in Theorem 2.8. Now we must show that $x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}(S_{\theta _{2}})}}{\sim }y_{kj}\Rightarrow x _{kj}\overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$.

Assume that f is bounded and let $x_{kj} \overset{{\mathcal{I}(S_{\theta _{2}})}}{\sim }y_{kj}$. Since f is bounded, there exists a positive real number M such that $|f(x)| \leq M$ for all $x\geq 0$. We have

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{h_{ru}}\sum_{(k,j)\in I_{ru}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) = & \frac{1}{h_{ru}} {\sum_{\substack{(k,j)\in I_{ru}\\\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \vert \geq \varepsilon}}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ &{} +\frac{1}{h_{ru}} {\sum_{\substack{(k,j)\in I_{ru}\\\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert < \varepsilon}}}f \biggl( \biggl\vert \frac{x_{kj}}{y _{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \biggr) \\ \leq & \frac{M}{h_{ru}} \biggl\vert \biggl\{ (k,j)\in I_{ru}: \biggl\vert \frac{x _{kj}}{y_{kj}}-L \biggr\vert \geq \varepsilon \biggr\} \biggr\vert +f( \varepsilon ) . \end{aligned}$$

This proves that $x_{kj} \overset{[{\mathcal{I}^{L}_{\theta _{2}}}(f)]}{\sim }y_{kj}$. □

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my thanks to Professor Erdinç Dündar, Department of Mathematics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, for his careful reading of an earlier version of this paper and constructive comments, which improved the presentation of the paper. Also, I highly appreciate anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and valuable suggestions.

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- Nimet Pancaroǧlu Akın

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About this article

Received
20 May 2019
Accepted
07 August 2019
Published
22 August 2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-019-2175-7

MSC

40A05
40A35

Keywords

Asymptotically equivalence
Lacunary sequence
$\mathcal{I}_{2}$-equivalence
Double sequence
Modulus function

f-asymptotically lacunary ideal equivalence of double sequences

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Abstract

Introduction and background

Lemma 1

Main results

Definition 2.1

Definition 2.2

Theorem 2.1

Proof

Theorem 2.2

Proof

Definition 2.3

Definition 2.4

Theorem 2.3

Proof

Theorem 2.4

Proof

Theorem 2.5

Proof

Theorem 2.6

Proof

Theorem 2.7

Proof

Theorem 2.8

Proof

Theorem 2.9

Proof

References

Acknowledgements

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Deparment of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

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MSC

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