Anti-periodic solutions problem for inertial competitive neutral-type neural networks via Wirtinger inequality

Abstract

By using the Wirtinger inequality and topology degree theory, we investigate the anti-periodic solutions problem for inertial competitive neutral-type neural networks and obtain the existence of anti-periodic solutions to the above system. Our results are completely new.

Introduction

The Wirtinger inequality was first used in Fourier analysis, then was used in 1904 to prove the isoperimetric inequality; see [1, 2]. Since the Wirtinger inequality has been recognized as a powerful tool to estimate the prior bounds of solutions, it has been used in many research areas, such as Hamiltonian system, delay equations, biomathematics, neural networks, partial differential equation; see [3,4,5,6,7,8] and the relevant references therein.

In this paper, we will obtain the existence of anti-periodic solutions for inertial competitive neutral-type neural networks by using the Wirtinger inequality and topology degree theory. In 1996, Meyer, Ohl and Scheich [9] first proposed the competitive neural network, the behavior of this network is characterized by an equation of neural activity as a fast phenomenon and an equation of synaptic modification as a slow part of the neural system. Since by a competitive neural network one can study the dynamics of complex neural networks including the aspects of long- and short-term memory, it has received great attention. Meyer, Pilyugin and Chen [10] studied global exponential stability of competitive neural networks with different time scales. They presented a new method of analyzing the dynamics of a biological relevant system with different time scales based on the theory of flow invariance. After that, Meyer, Reberts and Thmmle [11] further studied the local uniform stability of competitive neural networks with different time scales under vanishing perturbations. Gu, Jiang and Teng [12] obtained the existence and global exponential stability of a unique equilibrium point of competitive neural networks with different time scales and multiple delays by using a nonlinear Lipschitz measure (NLM) method and constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional. Liu et al. [13] obtained the existence of a periodic solution for competitive neural networks with time-varying and distributed delays on time scales.

On the other hand, the anti-periodic solution problem for dynamic systems is an interesting topic which has been investigated by many researchers. Okochi [14] first considered the anti-periodic solution of nonlinear abstract parabolic equations. Then anti-periodic problems of neural networks have attracted much attention by many authors. Li, Yang and Wu [15] discussed an anti-periodic solution for impulsive BAM neural networks with time-varying leakage delays on time scales. Then Li et al. [16,17,18] further studied anti-periodic solutions for different types of neural networks. Xu, Chen and Guo [19] studied anti-periodic oscillations of bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with leakage delays. The existence and exponentially stability of anti-periodic solutions for neutral BAM neural networks with time-varying delays in the leakage terms have been obtained by Xu and Guo [20]. However, to the best of our knowledge there are only few results on the anti-periodic solutions for neutral-type competitive neural networks with inertial terms.

The above discussions constitute the motivation for the present paper. In this paper, we will study a kind of neutral-type competitive neural networks with inertial terms. Based on the Wirtinger inequality and topology degree theory, we prove the existence of anti-periodic solutions of the above neural network. We list the main contributions of this paper as follows:

• (1) We propose a class of inertial competitive neutral-type neural networks which is different from the existing competitive neural networks; see [9,10,11, 13, 15, 19].

• (2) Since the model of the present paper contains neutral terms, it is very difficult to estimate an a priori bound. In order to overcome this difficulty, we use the Wirtinger inequality and develop some new mathematical analysis techniques.

• (3) A unified framework is established to handle competitive neural networks with neutral-type terms, time-varying delays and inertial terms.

The subsequent sections are organized as follows: In Sect. 2, the description of the model, some useful lemmas and notations are given. In Sect. 3, sufficient conditions are established for existence of anti-periodic solutions of considered neural networks. In Sect. 4, an example is given to show the feasibility of our results. Finally, Sect. 5 concludes the paper.

Model description and Lemmas

Consider the following generalized inertial competitive neutral-type neural networks with time-varying delays:

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} \varepsilon (A_{i}x_{i})''(t)=-\alpha _{i}(t)x_{i}'(t)-\beta _{i}(t)x _{i}(t) +\sum_{j=1}^{n}b_{ij}(t)f_{j}(x_{j}(t)) \\ \hphantom{\varepsilon (A_{i}x_{i})''(t)=}{}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij}(t)f_{j}(x_{j}(t-\gamma _{ij}(t))) +B_{i}(t) \sum_{j=1}^{n}d_{j}m_{ij}(t), \\ m_{ij}'(t)=-m_{ij}(t)+d_{j}f_{i}(x_{i}(t)), \end{cases} $$

(2.1)

where $i,j=1,2,\ldots ,n$; $(A_{i}x_{i})(t)$ is a neutral operator which is defined by

$$ (A_{i}x_{i}) (t)=x_{i}(t)-c_{i}x_{i}(t- \sigma ), $$

(2.2)

$c_{i}$ and σ are constants with $|c_{i}|\neq 1$ and $\sigma >0$; the second order derivative is an inertial term; $x_{i}(t)$ is the neuron current activity level; $\varepsilon >0$ is a fast time scale; $\alpha _{i}(t)>0$ is a variable coefficient; $\beta _{i}(t)>0$ is a damping coefficient; $b_{ij}(t)$ and $c_{ij}(t)$ represent the connection weight and the synaptic weight of delayed synaptic efficiency; $m_{ij}(t)$ the is synaptic efficiency; $d_{j}$ is the constant external stimulus; $B_{i}(t)$ is the strength of the external stimulus; $f_{j}(x_{j}(t))$ is the output of neurons; $\gamma _{ij}(t)>0$ is a transmission delay.

The initial values of system (2.1) are given by

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} x_{i}(s)=\phi _{i}(s), \qquad x_{i}'(s)=\theta _{i}(s), \\ m_{ij}(s)=\mu _{ij}(s), \end{cases} $$

(2.3)

where $i,j=1,2,\ldots ,n$ and $s\in [-\tau ,0]$ with $\tau = \max_{1\leq i,j\leq n} \{\sigma ,\gamma _{ij}(t),t\in \mathbb{R} \}$.

Let $\varepsilon =1$ and $z_{i}(t)=\sum_{j=1}^{n}d_{j}m_{ij}(t)$, then (2.1) is transformed into

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (A_{i}x_{i})''(t)=-\alpha _{i}(t)x_{i}'(t)-\beta _{i}(t)x_{i}(t) + \sum_{j=1}^{n}b_{ij}(t)f_{j}(x_{j}(t)) \\ \hphantom{(A_{i}x_{i})''(t)=}{}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij}(t)f_{j}(x_{j}(t-\gamma _{ij}(t))) +B_{i}(t)z _{i}(t), \\ z_{i}'(t)=-z_{i}(t)+df_{i}(x_{i}(t)), \end{cases} $$

(2.4)

where $d=\sum_{j=1}^{n}d_{j}^{2}>0$. Let

$$ y_{i}(t)=(A_{i}x_{i})'(t)+x_{i}(t),\quad i=1,2,\ldots ,n, $$

(2.5)

then (2.4) can be written as follows:

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (A_{i}x_{i})'(t)=-x_{i}(t)+y_{i}(t):=F_{i}(\cdot ), \\ y_{i}'(t)=-(\alpha _{i}(t)-1)x_{i}'(t)-\beta _{i}(t)x_{i}(t) +\sum_{j=1} ^{n}b_{ij}(t)f_{j}(x_{j}(t)) \\ \hphantom{y_{i}'(t)=}{}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij}(t)f_{j}(x_{j}(t-\gamma _{ij}(t))) +B_{i}(t)z _{i}(t):=G_{i}(\cdot ), \\ z_{i}'(t)=-z_{i}(t)+df_{i}(x_{i}(t)):=H_{i}(\cdot ). \end{cases} $$

(2.6)

In view of the initial values of system (2.1), we can obtain the initial values of system (2.6)

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (A_{i}x_{i})(s)=\phi _{i}(s)-c_{i}\phi _{i}(s-\sigma ):=\varphi _{i}(s), \\ y_{i}(s)=\phi _{i}(s)+\theta _{i}(s)-c_{i}\theta _{i}(s-\sigma ):= \upsilon _{i}(s), \\ z_{i}(s)=\sum_{j=1}^{n}d_{j}m_{ij}(s):=\omega _{i}(s), \end{cases} $$

where $i,j=1,2,\ldots ,n$ and $s\in [-\tau ,0]$.

Now, we give the famous Wirtinger inequality.

Lemma 2.1

([21, 22] Wirtinger inequality)

If u is a $C^{1}$ function such that $u(0) = u(T)$, then

$$ \Vert u-\bar{u} \Vert _{L_{2}}\leq \frac{T}{2\pi } \bigl\Vert u' \bigr\Vert _{L_{2}}, $$

where $\|u'\|_{L_{2}}= (\int _{0}^{T}|u(t)|^{2}\,dt )^{ \frac{1}{2}}$ and $\bar{u}=\frac{1}{T}\int _{0}^{T}|u(t)|\,dt$.

Remark 2.1

When u is an anti-periodic function, i.e., $u(t+T)=-u(t)$, $\forall t \in \mathbb{R}$, then

$$ u(0)=u(2T),\qquad \bar{u}=\frac{1}{T} \int _{0}^{2T} \bigl\vert u(t) \bigr\vert \,dt=0, $$

and the Wirtinger inequality is given by

$$ \biggl( \int _{0}^{2T} \bigl\vert u(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}\leq \frac{T}{ \pi } \biggl( \int _{0}^{2T} \bigl\vert u'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}. $$

In this paper, we also need the following lemmas.

Lemma 2.2

([22])

Let X and Y be Banach spaces, and let $L: \operatorname{Dom}L \subset X \rightarrow Y$ be linear, $N: X \rightarrow Y$ be continuous. Assume that L is one-to-one and $K:=L^{-1}N$ is compact. Furthermore, assume there exists a bounded and open subset $\varOmega \subset X$ with $0\in \varOmega$ such that the equation $Lu=\lambda Nu$ has no solutions in $\partial \varOmega \cup \operatorname{Dom}L$ for any $\lambda \in (0, 1)$. Then the problem $Lu = Nu$ has at least one solution in Ω̄.

Lemma 2.3

([23, 24])

Define A on $C_{T}$

$$ A:C_{T}\rightarrow C_{T}, \qquad [Ax](t)=x(t)-cx(t-\tau ),\quad \forall t \in \mathbb{R}, $$

where $C_{T}=\{x:x\in C(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}),x(t+T)\equiv x(t)\}$, c is constant. When $|c|\neq 1$, then A has a unique continuous bounded inverse $A^{-1}$ satisfying

$$ \bigl[A^{-1}f\bigr](t)=\textstyle\begin{cases} \sum_{j\geq 0}c^{j}f(t-j\tau ), & \textit{if } \vert c \vert < 1, \forall f\in C_{T}, \\ -\sum_{j\geq 1}c^{-j}f(t+j\tau ), & \textit{if } \vert c \vert >1, \forall f\in C_{T}. \end{cases} $$

Obviously, we have

• (1) $\|A^{-1}\|\le \frac{1}{ \vert 1- \vert c \vert \vert }$;

• (2) $\int _{0}^{T}|[A^{-1}f](t)|\,dt\le \frac{1}{ \vert 1- \vert c \vert \vert }\int _{0}^{T}|f(t)|\,dt$, $\forall f\in C_{T}$;

• (3) $\int _{0}^{T}|[A^{-1}f](t)|^{2}\,dt\le \frac{1}{ \vert 1- \vert c \vert \vert }\int _{0} ^{T}|f(t)|^{2}\,dt$, $\forall f\in C_{T}$.

In what follows, for $u=(u_{1},u_{2},\ldots ,u_{3n})^{\top }$, denote

$$ \Vert u \Vert =\sum_{k=1}^{3n} \vert u_{k} \vert . $$

For $i,j=1,2,\ldots ,n$, we list the following notations which will be used in this paper:

$$\begin{aligned}& \alpha _{i}^{-}=\inf_{t\in \mathbb{R}}\alpha _{i}(t), \qquad \beta _{i}^{+}=\sup _{t\in \mathbb{R}}\beta _{i}(t), \qquad b_{ij}^{+}= \sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}} \bigl\vert b_{ij}(t) \bigr\vert , \\& b_{ij}^{+}=\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}} \bigl\vert b_{ij}(t) \bigr\vert , \qquad B_{i}^{+}=\sup _{t\in \mathbb{R}} \bigl\vert B_{i}(t) \bigr\vert . \end{aligned}$$

Throughout this paper, we need the following assumptions:

(H₁):

For $i,j=1,2,\ldots ,n$ and $t,x\in \mathbb{R}$, $\alpha _{i},\beta _{i},b_{ij},c_{ij},B_{i},\gamma _{ij}\in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R})$ with

$$\begin{aligned}& \alpha _{i}(t+\omega )=\alpha _{i}(t),\qquad \beta _{i}(t+\omega )=\beta _{i}(t), \\& B _{i}(t+\omega )=B_{i}(t),\qquad \gamma _{ij}(t+\omega )=\gamma _{ij}(t), \\& b_{ij}(t+\omega )f_{j}(x)=-b_{ij}(t)f_{j}(-x),\qquad c_{ij}(t+\omega )f _{j}(x)=-c_{ij}(t)f_{j}(-x). \end{aligned}$$

(H₂):

For $j=1,2,\ldots ,n$ and $x,y\in \mathbb{R}$, there exist positive constants $L_{j}>0$

$$ \bigl\vert f_{j}(x)-f_{j}(y) \bigr\vert \leq L_{j} \vert x-y \vert . $$

(H₃):

For $i,j=1,2,\ldots ,n$

$$ 1-\gamma _{ij}'(t)>0,\quad t\in \mathbb{R}. $$

Remark 2.2

From $1-\gamma _{ij}'(t)>0$, $t\in \mathbb{R}$, it is easy to see that $t-\gamma _{ij}(t)$ has the inverse function $\varGamma _{ij}$ for $i,j=1,2,\ldots ,n$ and $t\in \mathbb{R}$. Hence, let $t-\gamma _{ij}(t)=u _{ij}$, then $t=\varGamma _{ij}(u_{ij})$.

Main results

Let

$$ X= \bigl\{ u=(x,y,z)=(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n},y_{1}, \ldots ,y_{n},z_{1}, \ldots ,z_{n},)^{\top } \in C\bigl(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{3n}\bigr),u(t+\omega )=-u(t) \bigr\} $$

with the norm

$$ \Vert u \Vert _{X}=\sum_{i=1}^{n} \bigl( \vert x_{i} \vert _{\infty }+ \vert y_{i} \vert _{\infty }+ \vert z_{i} \vert _{ \infty }\bigr), \qquad \vert f \vert _{\infty }=\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}} \bigl\vert f(t) \bigr\vert . $$

Clearly, X is a Banach space. Let

$$ L:D(L)\subset X\rightarrow X,\qquad Lu=\bigl((A_{1}x_{1})', \ldots ,(A_{n}x_{n})',y _{1}', \ldots ,y_{n}',z_{1}',\ldots ,z_{n}',\bigr)^{\top }, $$

(3.1)

where $D(L)=\{u:u\in X,(A_{i}x_{i})',y_{i}',z_{i}'\in X\}$. Let there be a nonlinear operator $N:X\rightarrow X$:

$$ (Nu) (t)= \bigl(F_{1}(\cdot ),\ldots ,F_{n}(\cdot ), G_{1}(\cdot ), \ldots ,G_{n}(\cdot ),H_{1}(\cdot ), \ldots ,H_{n}(\cdot ) \bigr)^{ \top }. $$

(3.2)

Clearly,

$$ \operatorname{Ker}L=\mathbb{R}^{3n}, \qquad \operatorname{Im}L=\biggl\{ u:u\in X, \int _{0}^{2\omega }u(s)\,ds=\mathbf{0}\biggr\} . $$

For $u=(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n},y_{1},\ldots ,y_{n},z_{1},\ldots ,z_{n})^{ \top }\in \operatorname{Im}L$, let the inverse operator of L be $L^{-1}$ as follows:

$$\begin{aligned} \bigl(L^{-1}u\bigr) (t) =&\bigl(\bigl(A_{1}^{-1}F_{1}x_{1} \bigr) (t),\ldots ,\bigl(A_{n}^{-1}F_{n}x_{n} \bigr) (t), (F_{1}y_{1}) (t),\ldots , \\ &{}(F_{n}y_{n}) (t),(F_{1}z_{1}) (t),\ldots ,(F _{n}z_{n}) (t)\bigr)^{\top }, \end{aligned}$$

where

$$ (F_{i}u_{i}) (t)= \int _{0}^{T}G(t,s)u_{i}(s)\,ds,\qquad G(t,s)=\textstyle\begin{cases} \frac{s}{T},& 0\leq s< t\leq T, \\ \frac{s-T}{T},& 0\leq t< s\leq T. \end{cases} $$

Theorem 3.1

Assume that the assumptions (H₁)–(H₃) hold. Furthermore, the following assumption holds:

(H₄):

$$\begin{aligned} \varTheta =& \min_{1\leq i\leq n} \Biggl\{ 1-\sum _{i=1}^{n} \frac{\omega \vert 1- \alpha _{i}^{-} \vert }{ \vert 1- \vert c_{i} \vert \vert \pi } \\ &{}-\sum_{i=1}^{n} \Biggl[\beta _{i} ^{+}+\sum_{j=1}^{n} \biggl(b_{ij}^{+}L_{j} +c_{ij}^{+}L_{j} \max_{s\in \mathbb{R}}\frac{1}{ \vert 1-\gamma _{ij}'(s) \vert } \biggr) \Biggr] \frac{ \omega ^{2}}{ \vert 1- \vert c_{i} \vert \vert \pi ^{2}} \\ &{}-\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{B_{i}^{+}dL _{i}\omega ^{3}}{ \vert 1- \vert c_{i} \vert \vert \pi ^{3}} \Biggr\} >0. \end{aligned}$$

Then system (2.1) has at least one anti-periodic solution.

Proof

Consider the operator equation

$$ Lu=\lambda Nu,\qquad u\in D(L), \lambda \in (0,1), $$

(3.3)

where L and N are defined by (3.1) and (3.2). Let $u\in D(L)$ be an arbitrary solution of (3.3), then

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (A_{i}x_{i})'(t)=\lambda F_{i}(\cdot ), \\ y_{i}'(t)=\lambda G_{i}(\cdot ), & i=1,2,\ldots ,n. \\ z_{i}'(t)=\lambda H_{i}(\cdot ), \end{cases} $$

(3.4)

Multiplying by $y_{i}'(t)$ on both sides of the second equation of (3.4) and integrating it over $[0,2\omega ]$, we have

$$\begin{aligned}& \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \\& \quad =\lambda \int _{0}^{2\omega } \Biggl[-\bigl(\alpha _{i}(t)-1\bigr)x_{i}'(t)y_{i}'(t)- \beta _{i}(t)x_{i}(t)y_{i}'(t) +\sum _{j=1}^{n}b_{ij}(t)f_{j} \bigl(x_{j}(t)\bigr)y_{i}'(t) \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}c _{ij}(t)f_{j} \bigl(x_{j}\bigl(t-\gamma _{ij}(t)\bigr)\bigr)y_{i}'(t) +B_{i}(t)z_{i}(t)y _{i}'(t) \Biggr] \\& \quad =\lambda \int _{0}^{2\omega } \Biggl[-\bigl(\alpha _{i}(t)-1\bigr)x _{i}'(t)y_{i}'(t)- \beta _{i}(t)x_{i}(t)y_{i}'(t) +\sum _{j=1}^{n}b_{ij}(t) \bigl(f_{j}\bigl(x_{j}(t)\bigr)-f_{j}(0) \bigr)y_{i}'(t) \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij}(t) \bigl(f_{j}\bigl(x_{j}\bigl(t-\gamma _{ij}(t) \bigr)\bigr)-f_{j}(0) \bigr)y_{i}'(t) \\& \qquad {}+\sum _{j=1} ^{n}\bigl(b_{ij}(t)+c_{ij}(t) \bigr)f_{j}(0)y_{i}'(t)+B_{i}(t)z_{i}(t)y_{i}'(t) \Biggr] \\& \quad \leq \bigl\vert 1-\alpha _{i}^{-} \bigr\vert \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t)y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt + \beta _{i}^{+} \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}(t)y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt +\sum_{j=1}^{n}b _{ij}^{+}L_{j} \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}(t)y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{j=1} ^{n}c_{ij}^{+}L_{j} \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}\bigl(t- \gamma _{ij}(t)\bigr)y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt + \sum_{j=1}^{n}\bigl(b_{ij}^{+}+c_{ij}^{+} \bigr) \bigl\vert f_{j}(0) \bigr\vert \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y _{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt \\& \qquad {}+B_{i}^{+} \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}(t)y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt. \end{aligned}$$

(3.5)

From (3.5) and the Hölder inequality, we have

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \leq& \bigl\vert 1-\alpha _{i}^{-} \bigr\vert \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ &{}+\beta _{i} ^{+} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ &{}+ \sum_{j=1}^{n}b_{ij}^{+}L_{j} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \\ &{}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij}^{+}L_{j} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}\bigl(t- \gamma _{ij}(t)\bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \biggl( \int _{0} ^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ &{}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}\sqrt{2 \omega } \bigl(b_{ij}^{+}+c_{ij}^{+}\bigr) \bigl\vert f_{j}(0) \bigr\vert \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y _{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ &{}+B_{i}^{+} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2 \omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}, \end{aligned}$$

which results in

$$\begin{aligned}& \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \quad \leq \bigl\vert 1- \alpha _{i}^{-} \bigr\vert \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} +\beta _{i}^{+} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}b_{ij}^{+}L_{j} \biggl( \int _{0} ^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} +\sum _{j=1}^{n}c_{ij} ^{+}L_{j} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}\bigl(t- \gamma _{ij}(t)\bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{j=1}^{n}\sqrt{2\omega } \bigl(b_{ij}^{+}+c _{ij}^{+}\bigr) \bigl\vert f_{j}(0) \bigr\vert +B_{i}^{+} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}. \end{aligned}$$

(3.6)

Consider the fourth term $\sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij}^{+}L_{j} (\int _{0} ^{2\omega } |x_{j}(t-\gamma _{ij}(t))|^{2}\,dt )^{\frac{1}{2}}$ in (3.6). In view of Remark 2.2, we have

$$\begin{aligned}& \sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij}^{+}L_{j} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}\bigl(t- \gamma _{ij}(t)\bigr) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \quad =\sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij} ^{+}L_{j} \biggl( \int _{-\gamma _{ij}(0)}^{2\omega -\gamma _{ij}(0)} \frac{ \vert x _{j}(u_{ij}(t)) \vert ^{2}}{1-\gamma _{ij}'(\varGamma _{ij}(u_{ij}))}\,du_{ij} \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \quad \leq \sum_{j=1}^{n}c_{ij}^{+}L_{j} \max_{s\in \mathbb{R}}\frac{1}{ \vert 1-\gamma _{ij}'(s) \vert } \biggl( \int _{0} ^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}. \end{aligned}$$

(3.7)

From (3.6) and (3.7), we have

$$\begin{aligned}& \sum_{i=1}^{n} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \\& \quad \leq \sum _{i=1}^{n} \bigl\vert 1-\alpha _{i}^{-} \bigr\vert \biggl( \int _{0}^{2 \omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} +\sum _{i=1}^{n}\beta _{i}^{+} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum _{j=1}^{n} \biggl(b_{ij}^{+}L_{j} +c_{ij}^{+}L _{j} \max_{s\in \mathbb{R}} \frac{1}{ \vert 1-\gamma _{ij}'(s) \vert } \biggr) \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{j}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{i=1} ^{n}\sum _{j=1}^{n}\sqrt{2\omega }\bigl(b_{ij}^{+}+c_{ij}^{+} \bigr) \bigl\vert f_{j}(0) \bigr\vert + \sum _{i=1}^{n}B_{i}^{+} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \quad = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \bigl\vert 1-\alpha _{i}^{-} \bigr\vert \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{i=1} ^{n} \Biggl[\beta _{i}^{+}+\sum_{j=1}^{n} \biggl(b_{ij}^{+}L_{j} +c_{ij} ^{+}L_{j} \max_{s\in \mathbb{R}}\frac{1}{ \vert 1-\gamma _{ij}'(s) \vert } \biggr) \Biggr] \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum _{j=1}^{n}\sqrt{2\omega }\bigl(b_{ij}^{+}+c_{ij} ^{+}\bigr) \bigl\vert f_{j}(0) \bigr\vert +\sum _{i=1}^{n}B_{i}^{+} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z _{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}. \end{aligned}$$

(3.8)

Multiplying by $A_{i}x_{i}'(t)$ on both sides of the first equation of (3.4) and integrating it over $[0,2\omega ]$, we have

$$ \begin{aligned} \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert A_{i}x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt & =-\lambda \int _{0}^{2 \omega }x_{i}(t)A_{i}x_{i}'(t)\,dt+ \lambda \int _{0}^{2\omega }y_{i}(t)A _{i}x_{i}'(t)\,dt \\ &=\lambda \int _{0}^{2\omega }y_{i}(t)A_{i}x_{i}'(t)\,dt \\ &\leq \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert A_{i}x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}, \end{aligned} $$

which results in

$$ \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert A_{i}x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \leq \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}. $$

(3.9)

Using Lemma 2.3 and (3.9), we have

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} =& \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert A_{i}^{-1}A_{i}x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \\ \leq& \frac{1}{ \vert 1- \Vert c_{i} \Vert \vert } \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert A _{i}x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}. \end{aligned}$$

(3.10)

The Wirtinger inequality, (3.9) and (3.10) result in

$$\begin{aligned} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \leq& \frac{1}{ \vert 1-c_{i} \vert } \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ \leq& \frac{\omega }{ \vert 1- \Vert c_{i} \Vert \vert \pi } \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}. \end{aligned}$$

(3.11)

Using again the Wirtinger inequality and (3.11), we have

$$ \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \leq \frac{ \omega }{\pi } \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \leq \frac{\omega ^{2}}{ \vert 1- \Vert c_{i} \Vert \vert \pi ^{2}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}. $$

(3.12)

Multiplying by $z_{i}'(t)$ on both sides of the third equation of (3.4) and integrating it over $[0,2\omega ]$, we have

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt =&-\lambda \int _{0}^{2\omega }z _{i}(t)z_{i}'(t)\,dt+ \lambda \int _{0}^{2\omega }\,df_{i}\bigl(x_{i}(t) \bigr)z_{i}'(t)\,dt \\ \leq& \int _{0}^{2\omega }\,d\bigl\vert f_{i} \bigl(x_{i}(t)\bigr)-f_{i}(0) \bigr\vert \bigl\vert z_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt + \int _{0}^{2\omega }d \bigl\vert f_{i}(0) \bigr\vert \bigl\vert z_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt \\ \leq& dL_{i} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \biggl( \int _{0} ^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ &{}+d \bigl\vert f_{i}(0) \bigr\vert \sqrt{2 \omega } \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}, \end{aligned}$$

which results in

$$ \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \leq dL _{i} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} +d \bigl\vert f _{i}(0) \bigr\vert \sqrt{2\omega }. $$

(3.13)

From (3.12) and (3.13), we have

$$ \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \leq \frac{dL _{i}\omega ^{2}}{ \vert 1- \Vert c_{i} \Vert \vert \pi ^{2}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} +d \bigl\vert f_{i}(0) \bigr\vert \sqrt{2\omega } $$

(3.14)

which together with the Wirtinger inequality results in

$$ \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \leq \frac{dL _{i}\omega ^{3}}{ \vert 1- \Vert c_{i} \Vert \vert \pi ^{3}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} +\frac{\omega d \vert f_{i}(0) \vert \sqrt{2\omega }}{ \pi }. $$

(3.15)

From (3.8), (3.11), (3.12) and (3.15), we have

$$\begin{aligned}& \sum_{i=1}^{n} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \\& \quad \leq \sum _{i=1}^{n} \frac{\omega \vert 1-\alpha _{i}^{-} \vert }{ \vert 1- \Vert c _{i} \Vert \vert \pi } \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{i=1}^{n} \Biggl[\beta _{i}^{+}+\sum_{j=1}^{n} \biggl(b_{ij}^{+}L_{j} +c_{ij}^{+}L_{j} \max_{s\in \mathbb{R}}\frac{1}{ \vert 1- \gamma _{ij}'(s) \vert } \biggr) \Biggr] \\& \qquad {}\times \frac{\omega ^{2}}{ \vert 1- \Vert c_{i} \Vert \vert \pi ^{2}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+ \sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum _{j=1}^{n}\sqrt{2\omega }\bigl(b_{ij}^{+}+c_{ij}^{+} \bigr) \bigl\vert f _{j}(0) \bigr\vert +\sum _{i=1}^{n} \frac{B_{i}^{+}dL_{i}\omega ^{3}}{ \vert 1- \Vert c_{i} \Vert \vert \pi ^{3}} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \\& \qquad {}+\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{B_{i}^{+}\omega d \vert f_{i}(0) \vert \sqrt{2 \omega }}{\pi }. \end{aligned}$$

(3.16)

By using assumption (H₄) and (3.16), we obtain

$$\begin{aligned}& \sum_{i=1}^{n} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert y_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \\& \quad \leq \frac{1}{\varTheta } \Biggl(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum _{j=1}^{n}\sqrt{2 \omega }\bigl(b_{ij}^{+}+c_{ij}^{+} \bigr) \bigl\vert f_{j}(0) \bigr\vert +\sum _{i=1}^{n}\frac{B_{i} ^{+}\omega d \vert f_{i}(0) \vert \sqrt{2\omega }}{\pi } \Biggr) \\& \quad :=M_{1}. \end{aligned}$$

(3.17)

Equations (3.11) and (3.17) result in

$$ \sum_{i=1}^{n} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \leq \sum _{i=1}^{n}\frac{M_{1}\omega }{ \vert 1- \Vert c_{i} \Vert \vert \pi }:=M_{2}. $$

(3.18)

Equations (3.14) and (3.17) result in

$$\begin{aligned} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert z_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{ \frac{1}{2}} \leq& \sum _{i=1}^{n}\frac{M_{1}dL_{i}\omega ^{2}}{ \vert 1- \Vert c _{i} \Vert \vert \pi ^{2}} +d \bigl\vert f_{i}(0) \bigr\vert \sqrt{2\omega } \\ :=&M_{3}. \end{aligned}$$

(3.19)

Since $u\in X$ is an ω-anti-periodic function, there exist $\xi _{i},\eta _{i},\zeta _{i}\in [0,2\omega ]$ such that

$$ x_{i}(\xi _{i})=y_{i}(\eta _{i})=z_{i}( \zeta _{i})=0, $$

which results in

$$ \vert x_{i} \vert _{\infty }\leq \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert \,dt\leq \sqrt{2 \omega } \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}} $$

and

$$ \sum_{i=1}^{n} \vert x_{i} \vert _{\infty }\leq \sqrt{2\omega }\sum_{i=1}^{n} \biggl( \int _{0}^{2\omega } \bigl\vert x_{i}'(t) \bigr\vert ^{2}\,dt \biggr)^{\frac{1}{2}}:= \widetilde{M}_{1}. $$

Similarly, using (3.17) and (3.19), we also find that there exist positive constants $\widetilde{M}_{2}$, $\widetilde{M}_{3}$ such that

$$\begin{aligned}& \sum_{i=1}^{n} \vert y_{i} \vert _{\infty }\leq \widetilde{M}_{2}, \end{aligned}$$

(3.20)

$$\begin{aligned}& \sum_{i=1}^{n} \vert z_{i} \vert _{\infty }\leq \widetilde{M}_{3}. \end{aligned}$$

(3.21)

From (3.19)–(3.21), we get

$$ \Vert u \Vert _{X}=\sum_{i=1}^{n} \bigl( \vert x_{i} \vert _{\infty }+ \vert y_{i} \vert _{\infty }+ \vert z_{i} \vert _{ \infty }\bigr) \leq \widetilde{M}_{1}+\widetilde{M}_{2}+\widetilde{M}_{3}:= \widetilde{M}. $$

Let

$$ \varOmega =\bigl\{ u\in X: \Vert u \Vert _{X}< \widetilde{M}+1\bigr\} . $$

From Lemma 2.2, the operator equation $Lu=Nu$ has at least one ω-anti-periodic solution in X. Thus, system (2.1) has at least one ω-anti-periodic solution. □

Remark 3.1

We very much want to obtain the globally exponential stability of system (2.1) with initial values conditions (2.3). But transforming system (2.6) of system (2.1) contains a neutral term $A_{i}x_{i}$ which makes constructing the appropriate Lyapinov function very difficult. Hence, we wish that some authors will develop new methods to derive globally exponential stability of system (2.1) in the future.

A numerical example

In this section, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the results obtained in this paper.

Example 4.1

Consider the following inertial competitive neutral-type neural networks:

$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (A_{i}x_{i})''(t)=-\alpha _{i}(t)x_{i}'(t)-\beta _{i}(t)x_{i}(t) + \sum_{j=1}^{2}b_{ij}(t)f_{j}(x_{j}(t)) \\ \hphantom{(A_{i}x_{i})''(t)=}{}+\sum_{j=1}^{2}c_{ij}(t)f_{j}(x_{j}(t-\gamma _{ij}(t))) +B_{i}(t) \sum_{j=1}^{n}d_{j}m_{ij}(t), \\ m_{ij}'(t)=-m_{ij}(t)+d_{j}f_{i}(x_{i}(t)), \end{cases} $$

(4.1)

where $i,j=1,2$,

$$\begin{array}{c}\left[\begin{array}{c}{A}_1{x}_1(t)\\ A_2{x}_2(t)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{x}_1(t)-\frac{1}{2}{x}_1(t-\pi )\\ x_2(t)-\frac{1}{3}{x}_2(t-\pi )\end{array}\right],\hfill \\ f_1(x)=f_2(x)=\frac{1}{5}x,d_1=d_2=\frac{1}{5},\hfill \\ \left[\begin{array}{c}{\alpha }_1(t)\\ {\alpha }_2(t)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{100}cos2t+\frac{101}{100}\\ \frac{1}{100}{sin}^{2}t++\frac{101}{100}\end{array}\right],\hfill \\ \left[\begin{array}{c}{\beta }_1(t)\\ {\beta }_2(t)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{25}{cos}^{2}t+\frac{1}{25}\\ \frac{1}{25}{sin}^{2}t+\frac{1}{25}\end{array}\right],\hfill \\ \left[\begin{array}{cc}{b}_{11}(t)& b_{12}(t)\\ b_{21}(t)& b_{22}(t)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{5}cos2t& \frac{1}{5}{cos}^{2}t\\ -\frac{1}{5}{cos}^{2}t& -\frac{1}{5}{cos}^{2}t\end{array}\right],\hfill \\ \left[\begin{array}{cc}{c}_{11}(t)& c_{12}(t)\\ c_{21}(t)& c_{22}(t)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{cos}^{2}t-\frac{1}{4}& \frac{1}{2}{cos}^{2}t\\ \frac{1}{2}{cos}^{2}t-\frac{1}{4}& \frac{1}{4}{cos}^{2}t\end{array}\right],\hfill \\ \left[\begin{array}{c}{B}_1(t)\\ B_2(t)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{2}{sin}^{2}t\\ \frac{1}{2}{cos}^{2}t\end{array}\right],\hfill \\ \left[\begin{array}{cc}{\gamma }_{11}(t)& {\gamma }_{12}(t)\\ {\gamma }_{21}(t)& {\gamma }_{22}(t)\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}\frac{1}{5}{cos}^{2}t& \frac{1}{5}{sin}^{2}t\\ \frac{1}{8}cos2t+\frac{1}{8}& \frac{1}{10}cos2t+\frac{1}{10}\end{array}\right].\hfill \end{array}$$

After a simple calculation, we have

$$\begin{aligned}& d=d_{1}^{2}+d_{2}^{2}= \frac{2}{25},\qquad c_{1}=\frac{1}{2},\qquad c_{2}= \frac{1}{3},\qquad L_{1}=L_{2}=\frac{1}{5}, \\& \alpha _{1}^{-}=\frac{1}{100},\qquad \alpha _{2}^{-}= \frac{1}{100}, \\& \beta _{1}^{+}=\frac{2}{25},\qquad \beta _{2}^{+}=\frac{2}{25},\qquad B_{1}^{+}=B _{2}^{+}=\frac{1}{2},\qquad b_{11}^{+}=b_{12}^{+}=b_{21}^{+}=b_{22}^{+}= \frac{1}{5}, \\& c_{11}^{+}=c_{12}^{+}=c_{21}^{+}=c_{22}^{+}= \frac{1}{4}, \qquad \omega =\pi , \\& \gamma _{11}'(t)=-\frac{1}{5}\sin 2t,\qquad \gamma _{12}'(t)=-\frac{1}{5} \sin 2t, \\& \gamma _{21}'(t)=-\frac{1}{8}\sin 2t,\qquad \gamma _{22}'(t)=- \frac{1}{10}\sin 2t. \end{aligned}$$

Thus,

$$\begin{aligned}& 1 - \frac{\omega \vert 1-\alpha _{1}^{-} \vert }{ \vert 1- \vert c_{1} \vert \vert \pi } - \Biggl[\beta _{1}^{+}+\sum_{j=1}^{2} \biggl(b_{1j}^{+}L_{j} +c_{1j}^{+}L_{j} \max_{s\in \mathbb{R}}\frac{1}{ \vert 1-\gamma _{1j}'(s) \vert } \biggr) \Biggr] \frac{ \omega ^{2}}{ \vert 1- \vert c_{1} \vert \vert \pi ^{2}} \\& \quad {}- \frac{B_{1}^{+} dL_{1}\omega ^{3}}{ \vert 1- \vert c_{1} \vert \vert \pi ^{3}}\approx 0.794>0 \end{aligned}$$

and

$$\begin{aligned}& 1 - \frac{\omega \vert 1-\alpha _{2}^{-} \vert }{ \vert 1- \vert c_{2} \vert \vert \pi } - \Biggl[\beta _{2}^{+}+\sum_{j=1}^{2} \biggl(b_{2j}^{+}L_{j} +c_{2j}^{+}L_{j} \max_{s\in \mathbb{R}}\frac{1}{ \vert 1-\gamma _{2j}'(s) \vert } \biggr) \Biggr] \frac{ \omega ^{2}}{ \vert 1- \vert c_{2} \vert \vert \pi ^{2}} \\& \quad {}- \frac{B_{2}^{+} dL_{2}\omega ^{3}}{ \vert 1- \vert c _{2} \vert \vert \pi ^{3}}\approx 0.667>0. \end{aligned}$$

Then

$$ \varTheta =\min \{0.794,0.667\}>0. $$

By Theorem 3.1, system (4.1) has at least a unique π-anti-periodic solution. For the trajectories of $x_{i}(t)$, $y_{i}(t)$, $z_{i}(t)$ and $m_{ij}(t)$ in system (4.1), see Figs. 1–3.

Figure 1

For $i,j=1,2$, trajectories of $x_{i}(t)$ and $m_{ij}(t)$ in system (4.1)

Figure 2

For $i,j=1,2$, trajectories of $y_{i}(t)$ and $m_{ij}(t)$ in system (4.1)

Figure 3

For $i,j=1,2$, trajectories of $x_{i}(t)$, $y_{i}(t)$ and $z_{i}(t)$ in system (4.1)

Conclusions

In this paper, we study a class of he anti-periodic solutions problem for inertial competitive neutral-type neural networks. By employing the Wirtinger inequality, topology degree theory and some analytic techniques, we have presented some new sufficient criteria for the existence of anti-periodic for the above neural networks. These criteria possess adjustable parameters which are important in some applied fields. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results. However, there exist many problems for further study such as the problems of the stability and other dynamic properties of anti-periodic solutions to neutral-type neural networks.