A more accurate Mulholland-type inequality in the whole plane

Yanru Zhong; Bicheng Yang; Qiang Chen

doi:10.1186/s13660-017-1589-3

Research
Open Access

A more accurate Mulholland-type inequality in the whole plane

Yanru Zhong¹Email author,
Bicheng Yang² and
Qiang Chen³

Journal of Inequalities and Applications20172017:315

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-017-1589-3

Received: 24 October 2017
Accepted: 12 December 2017
Published: 28 December 2017

Abstract

By introducing independent parameters, applying the weight coefficients, and Hermite-Hadamard’s inequality, we give a more accurate Mulholland-type inequality in the whole plane with a best possible constant factor. Furthermore, the equivalent forms, the reverses, a few particular cases, and the operator expressions are considered.

Keywords

Mulholland’s inequality
parameter
weight coefficient
equivalent form
operator expression

MSC

26D15
47A07

1 Introduction

If $p > 1 $, $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} = 1 $, $a_{m},b_{n} \ge 0 $, $0 < \sum_{m = 1}^{\infty} a_{m}^{p} < \infty $ and $0 < \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} b_{n}^{q} < \infty $, then we have the following Hardy-Hilbert’s inequality (cf. [1]):

$$ \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \sum _{m = 1}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}b_{n}}{m + n} < \frac{\pi}{\sin (\pi /p)} \Biggl( \sum_{m = 1}^{\infty} a_{m}^{p} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl( \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{q}}, $$

(1)

where the constant factor $\frac{\pi}{\sin (\pi /p)} $ is the best possible. In 1934, Hardy proved the following more accurate inequality of (1) with the same best possible constant factor (cf. Theorem 343 of [2]):

$$ \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \sum _{m = 1}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}b_{n}}{m + n - 1} < \frac{\pi}{\sin (\pi /p)} \Biggl( \sum_{m = 1}^{\infty} a_{m}^{p} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl( \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{q}}. $$

(2)

We still have the following Mulholland’s inequality with the same best possible constant factor $\frac{\pi}{\sin (\pi /p)} $ (cf. Theorem 343 of [2], replacing $\frac{a_{m}}{m} $, $\frac{b_{n}}{n} $ by $a_{m} $, $b_{n} $):

$$ \sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{m = 2}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}b_{n}}{\ln mn} < \frac{\pi}{\sin (\pi /p)} \Biggl( \sum_{m = 2}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}^{p}}{m} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl( \sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \frac{b_{n}^{q}}{n} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{q}}. $$

(3)

Inequalities (1)-(3) are important in analysis and its applications (cf. [2, 3]). In 2007, Yang [4] first gave a Hilbert-type integral inequality in the whole plane. Many extensions of this type inequalities and (1)-(3) were provided in [5–20].

In 2016, Yang and Chen [21] gave a more accurate Hardy-Hilbert’s inequality in the whole plane:

$$ \begin{aligned}[b] &\sum_{|n| = 1}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 1}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}b_{n}}{(|m - \xi | + |n - \eta |)^{\lambda}} \\ &\quad< 2B( \lambda_{1},\lambda_{2}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 1}^{\infty} |m - \xi |^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 1}^{\infty} |n - \eta |^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}}, \end{aligned} $$

(4)

where the constant factor $2B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2}) $ ($0 < \lambda_{1},\lambda_{2} \le 1 $, $\lambda_{1} + \lambda_{2} = \lambda $, $\xi,\eta \in [0,\frac{1}{2}] $) is the best possible.

In this paper, by introducing independent parameters and applying the weight coefficients and Hermite-Hadamard’s inequality, we give a new more accurate extension of (3) in the whole plane with a best possible constant factor similar to (4). Furthermore, we consider the equivalent forms, the reverses, a few particular cases, and the operator expressions.

2 Some lemmas

In the following, we agree that $p \ne 0,1 $, $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} = 1 $, $\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2} > 0 $, $\lambda_{1} + \lambda_{2} = \lambda $,

$$\alpha,\beta \in \biggl[\arccos \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}},\pi - \arccos \sqrt{ \frac{1}{3}} \biggr]\quad \bigl( \subseteq (0,\pi ) \bigr), $$

$\xi,\eta \in ( - \frac{3}{2},\frac{3}{2}) $, satisfying

$$ \frac{1}{1 - \cos \gamma} - \frac{3}{2} \le \xi,\eta \le \frac{ - 1}{1 + \cos \gamma} + \frac{3}{2}, $$

(5)

and

$$ h_{\gamma} (\lambda_{1}): = 2B(\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2})\csc^{2}\gamma \quad(\gamma = \alpha,\beta ). $$

(6)

Note 1

For $\alpha,\beta = \frac{\pi}{2} $, we find $\xi,\eta \in [ - \frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}] $. If $\alpha,\beta \in [\arccos \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}},\pi - \arccos \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}} ] $, then ${\xi,\eta = 0} $ satisfy (5).

For $|x|,|y| \ge \frac{3}{2} $, we set $A_{\xi,\alpha} (x): = |x - \xi | + (x - \xi )\cos \alpha $,

$$B_{\eta,\beta} (y): = |y - \eta | + (y - \eta )\cos \beta, $$

and

$$ k(x,y): = \frac{1}{(\ln A_{\xi,\alpha} (x) + \ln B_{\eta,\beta} (y))^{\lambda}} = \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda} A_{\xi,\alpha} (x)B_{\eta,\beta} (y)}. $$

(7)

Definition 1

Define two weight coefficients as follows:

$$\begin{aligned}& \omega (\lambda_{2},m): = \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{k(m,n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \cdot \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)},\quad|m| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1 \}, \end{aligned}$$

(8)

$$\begin{aligned}& \varpi (\lambda_{1},n): = \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{k(m,n)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \cdot \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{\ln^{1 - \lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)},\quad|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1 \}, \end{aligned}$$

(9)

where $\sum_{|j| = 2}^{\infty} \cdots = \sum_{j = - 2}^{ - \infty} \cdots \sum_{j = 2}^{\infty} \cdots $ ($j = m,n $).

Lemma 1

For $\lambda_{2} \le 1 $, we have the following inequalities:

$$ k_{\beta} (\lambda_{1}) \bigl(1 - \theta ( \lambda_{2},m) \bigr) < \omega (\lambda_{2},m) < k_{\beta} (\lambda_{1}),\quad|m| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1 \}, $$

(10)

where

$$ \theta (\lambda_{2},m): = \frac{1}{B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})} \int_{0}^{\frac{\ln [(2 + \eta )(1 + \cos \beta )]}{\ln A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}} \frac{u^{\lambda_{2} - 1}}{(1 + u)^{\lambda}} \,du = O \biggl( \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda_{2}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \biggr) \in (0,1). $$

(11)

Proof

For $|m| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} $, we set

$$\begin{gathered} k^{(1)}(m,y): = \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda} [A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)(y - \eta )(\cos \beta - 1)]},\quad y < - \frac{3}{2}, \\ k^{(2)}(m,y): = \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda} [A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)(y - \eta )(\cos \beta + 1)]},\quad y > \frac{3}{2}, \end{gathered} $$

wherefrom

$$h^{(1)}(m, - y) = \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda} [A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)(y + \eta )(1 - \cos \beta )]},\quad y > \frac{3}{2}. $$

We find

$$ \begin{aligned}[b] \omega (\lambda_{2},m) ={}& \sum _{n = - 2}^{ - \infty} \frac{k^{(1)}(m,n)\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(n - \eta )(\cos \beta - 1)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(n - \eta )(\cos \beta - 1)]} \\ & + \sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \frac{k^{(2)}(m,n)\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(n - \eta )(1 + \cos \beta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(n - \eta )(1 + \cos \beta )]} \\ ={}& \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{1 - \cos \beta} \sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \frac{k^{(1)}(m, - n)}{(n + \eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(n + \eta )(1 - \cos \beta )]} \\ &+ \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{1 + \cos \beta} \sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \frac{k^{(2)}(m,n)}{(n - \eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(n - \eta )(1 + \cos \beta )]}.\end{aligned} $$

(12)

For fixed $|m| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} $, since $\lambda > 0 $, $0 < \lambda_{2} \le 1 $,we find that, for $y > \frac{3}{2} $,

$$\begin{gathered} \frac{d}{dy}\frac{k^{(i)}(m,( - 1)^{i}y)}{(y - ( - 1)^{i}\eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(y - ( - 1)^{i}\eta )(1 + ( - 1)^{i}\cos \beta )]} < 0, \\ \frac{d^{2}}{dy^{2}}\frac{k^{(i)}(m,( - 1)^{i}y)}{(y - ( - 1)^{i}\eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(y - ( - 1)^{i}\eta )(1 + ( - 1)^{i}\cos \beta )]} > 0\quad(i = 1,2),\end{gathered} $$

and it follows that

$$\frac{k^{(i)}(m,( - 1)^{i}y)}{(y - ( - 1)^{i}\eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(y - ( - 1)^{i}\eta )(1 + ( - 1)^{i}\cos \beta )]} \quad (i = 1,2 ) $$

are strict decreasing and strictly convex in $(\frac{3}{2},\infty )$. By Hermite-Hadamard’s inequality (see [22]) and (12) we find

$$\begin{aligned} \omega (\lambda_{2},m) < {}& \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{1 - \cos \beta} \int_{3/2}^{\infty} \frac{k^{(1)}(m, - y)}{(y + \eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(y + \eta )(1 - \cos \beta )]} \,dy \\ &+ \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{1 + \cos \beta} \int_{3/2}^{\infty} \frac{k^{(2)}(m,y)}{(y - \eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(y - \eta )(1 + \cos \beta )]}\, dy.\end{aligned} $$

In view of (5), it follows that $(\frac{3}{2} \pm \eta )(1 \mp \cos \beta ) \ge 1 $. Setting $u = \frac{\ln [(y + \eta )(1 - \cos \beta )]}{\ln A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} $ ($u = \frac{\ln [(y - \eta )(1 + \cos \beta )]}{\ln A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} $) in the first (second) integral, by simplifications we obtain

$$\begin{aligned} \omega (\lambda_{2},m) &< \biggl(\frac{1}{1 - \cos \beta} + \frac{1}{1 + \cos \beta} \biggr) \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{u^{\lambda_{2} - 1}\,du}{(1 + u)^{\lambda}} \\ &= 2B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})\csc^{2}\beta = k_{\beta} (\lambda_{1}).\end{aligned} $$

By monotonicity and (12) we still have

$$\begin{aligned} \omega (\lambda_{2},m) >{}& \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{1 - \cos \beta} \int_{2}^{\infty} \frac{k^{(1)}(m, - y)}{(y + \eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(y + \eta )(1 - \cos \beta )]} \,dy \\ &+ \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{1 + \cos \beta} \int_{2}^{\infty} \frac{k^{(2)}(m,y)}{(y - \eta )\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}[(y - \eta )(1 + \cos \beta )]} \,dy \\ \ge{}& \biggl(\frac{1}{1 - \cos \beta} + \frac{1}{1 + \cos \beta} \biggr) \int_{\frac{\ln [(2 + |\eta |)(1 + |\cos \beta |)]}{\ln A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}}^{\infty} \frac{u^{\lambda_{2} - 1}\,du}{(1 + u)^{\lambda}} \\ ={}& k_{\beta} (\lambda_{1}) - 2\csc^{2}\beta \int_{0}^{\frac{\ln [(2 + |\eta |)(1 + |\cos \beta |)]}{\ln A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}} \frac{u^{\lambda_{2} - 1}\,du}{(1 + u)^{\lambda}} = k_{\beta} (\lambda_{1}) \bigl(1 - \theta ( \lambda_{2},m)\bigr) > 0,\end{aligned} $$

where $\theta (\lambda_{2},m) $ is indicated by (11). It follows that $\theta (\lambda_{2},m) < 1 $ and

$$\begin{aligned} 0 &< \theta (\lambda_{2},m) < \frac{1}{B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})} \int_{0}^{\frac{\ln [(2 + |\eta |)(1 + |\cos \beta |)]}{\ln A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}} u^{\lambda_{2} - 1} \,du \\ &= \frac{1}{\lambda_{2}B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})} \biggl(\frac{\ln [(2 + |\eta |)(1 + |\cos \beta |)]}{\ln A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \biggr)^{\lambda_{2}}. \end{aligned} $$

Hence, (10) and (11) are valid. □

In the same way, we still have the following:

Lemma 2

For $\lambda_{1} \le 1 $, we have the following inequalities:

$$ k_{\alpha} (\lambda_{1}) \bigl(1 - \tilde{\theta} ( \lambda_{1},n) \bigr) < \varpi (\lambda_{1},n) < k_{\alpha} (\lambda_{1}),\quad|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1 \}, $$

(13)

where

$$ \tilde{\theta} (\lambda_{1},n): = \frac{1}{B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})} \int_{0}^{\frac{\ln [(2 + |\xi |)(1 + |\cos \alpha |)]}{\ln B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}} \frac{u^{\lambda_{1} - 1}}{(1 + u)^{\lambda}} \,du = O \biggl( \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda_{1}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \biggr) \in (0,1). $$

(14)

Lemma 3

If $\rho > 0 $, $\gamma \in [\arccos \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}},\pi - \arccos \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}} ] $ ($\gamma = \alpha,\beta $), and

$$\frac{1}{1 - \cos \gamma} - \frac{3}{2} \le \varsigma \le \frac{ - 1}{1 + \cos \gamma} + \frac{3}{2}\quad(\varsigma = \xi,\eta ), $$

then for $(\varsigma,\gamma ) = (\xi,\alpha ) $ (or $(\eta,\beta ) $), we have

$$ H_{\rho} (\varsigma,\gamma ): = \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [|n - \varsigma | + (n - \varsigma )\cos \gamma ]}{|n - \varsigma | + (n - \varsigma )\cos \gamma} = \frac{1}{\rho} \bigl(2\csc^{2}\gamma + o(1) \bigr)\quad \bigl(\rho \to 0^{ +} \bigr). $$

(15)

Proof

By Hermite-Hadamard’s inequality we find

$$\begin{aligned} H_{\rho} (\varsigma,\gamma ) ={}& \sum _{n = - 2}^{ - \infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(n - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma - 1)]}{(n - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma - 1)} + \sum _{n = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(n - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)]}{(n - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)} \\ ={}& \sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \biggl\{ \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(n + \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )]}{(n - \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )} + \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(n - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)]}{(n - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)} \biggr\} \\ \le{}& \int_{\frac{3}{2}}^{\infty} \biggl\{ \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(y + \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )]}{(y - \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )} + \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(y - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)]}{(y - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)} \biggr\} \,dy \\ ={}& \frac{1}{\rho} \biggl\{ \frac{\ln^{ - \rho} [(\frac{3}{2} + \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )]}{1 - \cos \gamma} + \frac{\ln^{ - \rho} [(\frac{3}{2} - \varsigma )(1 + \cos \gamma )]}{1 + \cos \gamma} \biggr\} \\ ={}& \frac{1}{\rho} \biggl(\frac{1}{1 - \cos \gamma} + \frac{1}{1 + \cos \gamma} + o_{1}(1) \biggr)\quad \bigl(\rho \to 0^{ +} \bigr). \end{aligned} $$

We still can find that

$$\begin{aligned} H_{\rho} (\varsigma,\gamma ) &= \sum _{n = 2}^{\infty} \biggl\{ \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(n + \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )]}{(n - \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )} + \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(n - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)]}{(n - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)} \biggr\} \\ &\ge \int_{2}^{\infty} \biggl\{ \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(y + \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )]}{(y - \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )} + \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \rho} [(y - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)]}{(y - \varsigma )(\cos \gamma + 1)} \biggr\} \,dy \\ &= \frac{1}{\rho} \biggl\{ \frac{\ln^{ - \rho} [(2 + \varsigma )(1 - \cos \gamma )]}{1 - \cos \gamma} + \frac{\ln^{ - \rho} [(2 - \varsigma )(1 + \cos \gamma )]}{1 + \cos \gamma} \biggr\} \\ &= \frac{1}{\rho} \biggl(\frac{1}{1 - \cos \gamma} + \frac{1}{1 + \cos \gamma} + o_{2}(1)\biggr)\quad \bigl(\rho \to 0^{ +} \bigr). \end{aligned} $$

Hence, we have (15). □

3 Main results and the reverses

We also set

$$ K(\lambda_{1}): = h_{\beta}^{1/p}( \lambda_{1})h_{\alpha}^{1/q}(\lambda_{1}) = 2B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})\csc^{2/p}\beta \csc^{2/q}\alpha. $$

(16)

Theorem 1

Suppose that $p > 1 $, $\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2} \le 1 $, $a_{m},b_{n} \ge 0 $ ($|m|,|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} $), and

$$0 < \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}} a_{m}^{p} < \infty,\qquad0 < \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} < \infty. $$

We have the following equivalent inequalities:

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b]I&: = \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) a_{m}b_{n} \\&< K(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(17)

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b]J&: = \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \Biggl( \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} \Biggr)^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}\\& < K( \lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}.\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(18)

In particular, (i) for $\xi,\eta \in [ - \frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}]$ ($\alpha = \beta = \frac{\pi}{2}$), we have the following equivalent inequalities:

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b] &\sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}b_{n}}{\ln^{\lambda} (|m - \xi ||n - \eta |)} \\&\quad< 2B( \lambda_{1},\lambda_{2}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}|m - \xi |}{|m - \xi |^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}|n - \eta |}{|n - \eta |^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(19)

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b]&\Biggl\{ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}|n - \eta |}{|n - \eta |} \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}}{\ln^{\lambda} (|m - \xi ||n - \eta |)} \Biggr]^{p} \Biggr\} ^{\frac{1}{p}} \\&\quad< 2B(\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}|m - \xi |}{|m - \xi |^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}.\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(20)

(ii) For $\alpha,\beta \in [\arccos \frac{1}{3},\pi - \arccos \frac{1}{3}]$ ($\xi = \eta = 0$), we have the following equivalent inequalities:

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b]&\sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}b_{n}}{\ln^{\lambda} [(|m| + m\cos \alpha )(|n| + n\cos \beta )]} \\&\quad< K(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}(|m| + m\cos \alpha )}{(|m| + m\cos \alpha )^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \\ &\qquad\times\Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}(|n| + n\cos \beta )}{(|n| + n\cos \beta )^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(21)

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b]&\Biggl\{ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}(|n| + n\cos \beta )}{|n| + n\cos \beta} \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}}{\ln^{\lambda} [(|m| + m\cos \alpha )(|n| + n\cos \beta )]} \Biggr]^{p} \Biggr\} ^{\frac{1}{p}} \\&\quad< K(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}(|m| + m\cos \alpha )}{(|m| + m\cos \alpha )^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}.\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(22)

Proof

By Hölder’s inequality with weight (cf. [22]) and (9) we find

$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl( \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} \Biggr)^{p} ={}& \Biggl\{ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \biggl[ \frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{1}{q}}\ln^{\frac{1 - \lambda_{1}}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{\ln^{\frac{1 - \lambda_{2}}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m} \biggr] \\ &\times\biggl[ \frac{\ln^{\frac{1 - \lambda_{2}}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{1}{q}}\ln^{\frac{1 - \lambda_{1}}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \biggr] \Biggr\} ^{p} \\\le{}& \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{p}{q}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{1})p}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m}^{p}\\ &\times \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)\frac{\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{2})q}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \Biggr]^{p - 1} \\ ={}& \frac{(\varpi (\lambda_{1},n))^{p - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}\sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{p}{q}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{1})p}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m}^{p}.\end{aligned} $$

By (13) it follows that

$$\begin{aligned}[b] J &< k_{\alpha}^{1/q}(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)\frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{p}{q}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{1})p}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \\ &= k_{\alpha}^{1/q}(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)\frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{p}{q}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{1})p}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \\ &= k_{\alpha}^{1/q}(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \omega (\lambda_{2},m) \frac{n^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}.\end{aligned} $$

(23)

By (10) and (16) we have (18).

Using Hölder’s inequality again, we have

$$\begin{aligned}[b] I &= \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \Biggl[ \frac{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{\frac{ - 1}{p}}}{\ln^{\frac{1}{p} - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}\sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} \Biggr] \biggl[ \frac{\ln^{\frac{1}{p} - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{\frac{ - 1}{p}}}b_{n} \biggr] \\&\le J \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\end{aligned} $$

(24)

and then by (18) we have (17).

On the other hand, assuming that (17) is valid, we set

$$b_{n}: = \frac{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \Biggl( \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} \Biggr)^{p - 1},\quad|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\}, $$

and find

$$J = \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}. $$

By (23) it follows that $J < \infty $. If $J = 0 $, then (18) is trivially valid; if $J > 0 $, then we have

$$\begin{gathered}\begin{aligned} 0 &< \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} = J^{p} = I \\ &< K(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\end{aligned} \\J = \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} < K( \lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}.\end{gathered} $$

Hence (18) is valid, which is equivalent to (17). □

Theorem 2

With regards to the assumptions of Theorem 1, the constant factor $K(\lambda_{1}) $ in (17) and (18) is the best possible.

Proof

For $0 < \varepsilon < q\lambda_{2} $, we set $\tilde{\lambda}_{1} = \lambda_{1} + \frac{\varepsilon}{q}$ (>0), $\tilde{\lambda}_{2} = \lambda_{2} - \frac{\varepsilon}{q}$ ($\in (0,1)$), and

$$\begin{gathered} \tilde{a}_{m}: = \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1} - \frac{\varepsilon}{p} - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} = \frac{\ln^{\tilde{\lambda}_{1} - \varepsilon - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}\quad\bigl(|m| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} \bigr), \\ \tilde{b}_{n}: = \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{2} - \frac{\varepsilon}{q} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} = \frac{\ln^{\tilde{\lambda}_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}\quad\bigl(|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} \bigr).\end{gathered} $$

By (15) and (10) we find

$$\begin{gathered}\begin{aligned} \tilde{I}_{1}&: = \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}\tilde{a}_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} \tilde{b}_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}} \\ &= \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}} \\ &= \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \bigl(2\csc^{2}\alpha + o(1) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{p}}\bigl(2\csc^{2}\beta + \tilde{o}(1) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{q}}\quad\bigl(\varepsilon \to 0^{ +} \bigr),\end{aligned} \\\begin{aligned}\tilde{I}&: = \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \tilde{a}_{m} \tilde{b}_{n} \\ &= \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \frac{\ln^{\tilde{\lambda}_{1} - \varepsilon - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \frac{\ln^{\tilde{\lambda}_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \\ &= \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \omega (\tilde{ \lambda}_{2},m)\frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \ge k_{\beta} (\tilde{ \lambda}_{1})\sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \bigl(1 - \theta (\tilde{\lambda}_{2},m)\bigr)\frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \\&= k_{\beta} (\tilde{\lambda}_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} - \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{O(\ln^{ - 1 - (\frac{\varepsilon}{p} + \lambda_{2})}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \Biggr] \\ &= \frac{1}{\varepsilon} k_{\beta} (\tilde{\lambda}_{1}) \bigl(2\csc^{2}\alpha + o(1) - \varepsilon O(1)\bigr).\end{aligned}\end{gathered} $$

If there exists a positive number $k \le K(\lambda_{1}) $, such that (17) is still valid when replacing $K(\lambda_{1}) $ by k, then in particular we have

$$\varepsilon \tilde{I} = \varepsilon \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \tilde{a}_{m} \tilde{b}_{n} < \varepsilon k\tilde{I}_{1}. $$

We obtain from the above results that

$$k_{\beta} \biggl(\lambda_{1} + \frac{\varepsilon}{q} \biggr) \bigl(2\csc^{2}\alpha + o(1) - \varepsilon O(1) \bigr) < k \bigl(2 \csc^{2}\alpha + o(1) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{p}} \bigl(2\csc^{2} \beta + \tilde{o}(1) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{q}}, $$

and then

$$4B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})\csc^{2}\beta \csc^{2}\alpha \le 2k\csc^{\frac{2}{p}}\alpha \csc^{\frac{2}{q}}\beta \quad\bigl(\varepsilon \to 0^{ +} \bigr), $$

namely, $K(\lambda_{1}) = 2B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})\csc^{\frac{2}{p}}\beta \csc^{\frac{2}{q}}\alpha \le k $. Hence, $k = K(\lambda_{1}) $ is the best value of (17).

The constant factor $K(\lambda_{1}) $ in (18) is still the best possible. Otherwise, we would reach a contradiction by (24) that the constant factor in (17) is not the best possible. □

Theorem 3

Suppose that $0 < p < 1$, $\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2} \le 1$, $a_{m},b_{n} \ge 0$ ($|m|,|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} $), and

$$0 < \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}} a_{m}^{p} < \infty,\qquad0 < \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} < \infty. $$

We have the following equivalent inequalities:

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b]I &= \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) a_{m}b_{n} \\&> K(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \bigl( 1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m) \bigr)\frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}\\&\quad\times \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(25)

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b]J &= \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \Biggl( \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} \Biggr)^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \\&> K(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \bigl( 1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m) \bigr)\frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}},\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(26)

$$\begin{aligned}& \begin{aligned}[b]L&: = \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q\lambda_{1} - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m))^{q - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \Biggl( \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)b_{n} \Biggr)^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}} \\&> K(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

(27)

where the constant factor $K(\lambda_{1}) $ in (25), (26), and (27) is the best possible.

Proof

By the reverse Hölder inequality with weight (cf. [22]), and (9), we find

$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl( \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} \Biggr)^{p} ={}& \Biggl\{ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \biggl[ \frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{1}{q}}\ln^{\frac{1 - \lambda_{1}}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{\ln^{\frac{1 - \lambda_{2}}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m} \biggr] \\ &\times\biggl[ \frac{\ln^{\frac{1 - \lambda_{2}}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{1}{q}}\ln^{\frac{1 - \lambda_{1}}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \biggr] \Biggr\} ^{p} \\\ge{}&\sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{p}{q}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{1})p}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m}^{p}\\ &\times \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)\frac{\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{2})q}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \Biggr]^{p - 1} \\ ={}& \frac{(\varpi (\lambda_{1},n))^{p - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}\sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{p}{q}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{1})p}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m}^{p}.\end{aligned} $$

Since $p - 1 < 0 $, by (13) it follows that

$$\begin{aligned}[b] J &> k_{\alpha}^{1/q}(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)\frac{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{\frac{p}{q}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{1})p}{q}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \\&= k_{\alpha}^{1/q}(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \omega (\lambda_{2},m) \frac{n^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}.\end{aligned} $$

(28)

By (10) and (16) we have (26).

Using the reverse Hölder’s inequality again, we have

$$\begin{aligned}[b] I &= \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \Biggl[ \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{2} - \frac{1}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{\frac{1}{p}}}\sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} \Biggr] \biggl[ \frac{\ln^{\frac{1}{p} - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{\frac{ - 1}{p}}}b_{n} \biggr] \\&\ge J \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\end{aligned} $$

(29)

and then by using (26) we have (25).

On the other hand, assuming that (25) is valid, we set

$$b_{n}: = \frac{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \Biggl( \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} \Biggr)^{p - 1},\quad|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\}, $$

and find

$$J = \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}. $$

By (28) it follows that $J > 0 $. If $J = \infty $, then (26) is trivially valid; if $0 < J < \infty $, then we have

$$\begin{gathered} \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q}\\ \quad = J^{p} = I \\ \quad> K(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \bigl( 1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m) \bigr)\frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}},\\J = \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} > K( \lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \bigl( 1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m) \bigr)\frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}.\end{gathered} $$

Hence (26) is valid, which is equivalent to (25).

By the reverse Hölder inequality with weight (cf. [22]), and (9) we find

$$\begin{aligned} \Biggl( \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)b_{n} \Biggr)^{q} \le {}&\Biggl[ \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)\frac{\ln^{(1 - \lambda_{1})p/q}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{2}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \Biggr]^{q - 1} \\ &\times \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \frac{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{q/p}\ln^{(1 - \lambda_{2})q/p}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{\ln^{1 - \lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} b_{n}^{q} \\={}& \frac{(\omega (\lambda_{2},m))^{q - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{\ln^{q\lambda_{1} - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}\sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \frac{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{\frac{q}{p}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{2})q}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}b_{n}^{q}.\end{aligned} $$

Since $q < 0 $, by (10) it follows that

$$\begin{aligned} L &> k_{\beta}^{1/p}(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)\frac{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{\frac{q}{p}}\ln^{\frac{(1 - \lambda_{2})q}{p}}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)\ln^{1 - \lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \\ &= k_{\beta}^{1/p}(\lambda_{1}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \varpi (\lambda_{1},n) \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}.\end{aligned} $$

By (13) and (16) we have (27).

In the same way, we find

$$\begin{aligned}[b] I = {}&\sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \biggl[ \bigl( 1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{p}}\frac{\ln^{\frac{1}{q} - \lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{ - 1/q}}a_{m} \biggr]\\&\times \Biggl[ \frac{\ln^{\frac{ - 1}{q} + \lambda_{1}}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{ ( 1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m) )^{\frac{1}{p}}(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1/q}}\sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) b_{n} \Biggr] \\\ge{}& \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \bigl( 1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m) \bigr)\frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}}L,\end{aligned} $$

(30)

and then we can prove that (27) and (25) are equivalent.

For $0 < \varepsilon < \min \{ p\lambda_{1},|q|\lambda_{1}\} $, we set $\tilde{\lambda}_{1} = \lambda_{1} - \frac{\varepsilon}{p}$ ($\in (0,1)$), $\tilde{\lambda}_{2} = \lambda_{2} + \frac{\varepsilon}{p}$ (>0), and

$$\begin{gathered} \tilde{a}_{m}: = \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{1} - \frac{\varepsilon}{p} - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} = \frac{\ln^{\tilde{\lambda}_{1} - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}\quad\bigl(|m| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} \bigr), \\ \tilde{b}_{n}: = \frac{\ln^{\lambda_{2} - \frac{\varepsilon}{q} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} = \frac{\ln^{\tilde{\lambda}_{2} - \varepsilon - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}\quad\bigl(|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} \bigr).\end{gathered} $$

By (15) and (13) we find

$$\begin{gathered}\begin{aligned} \tilde{I}_{2}&: = \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \bigl(1 - \theta (\lambda_{2},m)\bigr)\frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}} \tilde{a}_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}}\tilde{b}_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}} \\ &= \Biggl[ \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} - \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{O(\ln^{ - 1 - (\lambda_{2} + \varepsilon )}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum _{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}} \\ &= \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \bigl(2\csc^{2}\alpha + o(1) - \varepsilon O(1) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{p}}\bigl(2\csc^{2}\beta + \tilde{o}(1) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{q}}\quad\bigl(\varepsilon \to 0^{ +} \bigr),\end{aligned} \\\begin{aligned}\tilde{I} &= \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \tilde{a}_{m} \tilde{b}_{n} = \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \frac{\ln^{\tilde{\lambda}_{1} - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)} \frac{\ln^{\tilde{\lambda}_{2} - \varepsilon - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \\ &= \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \varpi (\tilde{ \lambda}_{1},n)\frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \le k_{\alpha} (\tilde{ \lambda}_{1})\sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{ - 1 - \varepsilon} B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)} \\ &= \frac{1}{\varepsilon} k_{\alpha} (\tilde{\lambda}_{1}) \bigl(2\csc^{2}\beta + o(1)\bigr).\end{aligned}\end{gathered} $$

If there exists a positive number $k \ge K(\lambda_{1}) $, such that (25) is still valid when replacing $K(\lambda_{1}) $ by k, then in particular we have

$$\varepsilon \tilde{I} = \varepsilon \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) \tilde{a}_{m} \tilde{b}_{n} > \varepsilon k\tilde{I}_{2}. $$

We obtain from the above results that

$$k_{\beta} \biggl(\lambda_{1} + \frac{\varepsilon}{q} \biggr) \bigl(2\csc^{2}\alpha + o(1) \bigr) > k \bigl(2\csc^{2} \alpha + o(1) - \varepsilon O(1) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{p}} \bigl(2\csc^{2} \beta + \tilde{o}(1) \bigr)^{\frac{1}{q}}, $$

and then

$$4B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})\csc^{2}\beta \csc^{2}\alpha \ge 2k\csc^{\frac{2}{p}}\alpha \csc^{\frac{2}{q}}\beta\quad \bigl(\varepsilon \to 0^{ +} \bigr), $$

namely, $K(\lambda_{1}) = 2B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})\csc^{\frac{2}{p}}\beta \csc^{\frac{2}{q}}\alpha \ge k $. Hence, $k = K(\lambda_{1}) $ is the best value of (25).

The constant factor $K(\lambda_{1}) $ in (26) is still the best possible. Otherwise, we would reach a contradiction by (30) that the constant factor in (25) is not the best possible.

In the same way, by (30) we can proved that the constant factor $K(\lambda_{1}) $ in (27) is still the best possible. □

4 Operator expressions

Setting $\varphi (m): = \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}A_{\xi,\alpha} (m)}{(A_{\xi,\alpha} (m))^{1 - p}}$ ($|m| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} $), and $\psi (n): = \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{(B_{\eta,\beta} (n))^{1 - q}} $, wherefrom $\psi^{1 - p}(n) = \frac{\ln^{p\lambda_{2} - 1}B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}{B_{\eta,\beta} (n)}$ ($|n| \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\} $), we define the real weighted normed function spaces as follows:

$$\begin{gathered} l_{p,\varphi}: = \Biggl\{ a = \{ a_{m}\}_{|m| = 2}^{\infty}; \|a\|_{p,\varphi} = \Biggl( \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \varphi (m)|a_{m}|^{p} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{p}} < \infty \Biggr\} , \\ l_{q,\psi}: = \Biggl\{ b = \{ b_{n}\}_{|n| = 2}^{\infty}; \|b\|_{q,\psi} = \Biggl( \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \psi (n)|b_{n}|^{q} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{q}} < \infty \Biggr\} , \\ l_{p,\psi^{1 - p}}: = \Biggl\{ c = \{ c_{n}\}_{|n| = 2}^{\infty}; \|c\|_{p,\psi^{1 - p}} = \Biggl( \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \psi^{1 - p}(n)|c_{n}|^{p} \Biggr)^{\frac{1}{p}} < \infty \Biggr\} .\end{gathered} $$

For $a = \{ a_{m}\}_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \in l_{p,\varphi} $, putting $c_{n} = \sum_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n)a_{m} $ and $c = \{ c_{n}\}_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} $, it follows by (18) that $\|c\|_{p,\psi^{1 - p}} < K(\lambda_{1})\|a\|_{p,\varphi} $, namely $c \in l_{p,\psi^{1 - p}} $.

Definition 2

Define the Mulholland-type operator $T:l_{p,\varphi} \to l_{p,\psi^{1 - p}} $as follows: For $a_{m} \ge 0$, $a = \{ a_{m}\}_{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \in l_{p,\varphi} $, there exists a unique representation $Ta = c \in l_{p,\psi^{1 - p}} $. We also define the following formal inner product of Ta and $b = \{ b_{n}\}_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \in l_{q,\psi}$ ($b_{n} \ge 0$):

$$ (Ta,b): = \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} k(m,n) a_{m}b_{n}. $$

(31)

Hence, we may rewrite (17) and (18) in the following operator expressions:

$$\begin{aligned}& (Ta,b) < K(\lambda_{1})\|a\|_{p,\varphi} \|b \|_{q,\psi}, \end{aligned}$$

(32)

$$\begin{aligned}& \|Ta\|_{p,\psi^{1 - p}} < K(\lambda_{1})\|a\|_{p,\varphi}. \end{aligned}$$

(33)

It follows that the operator T is bounded by

$$ \|T\|: = \sup_{a( \ne \theta ) \in l_{p,\varphi}} \frac{\|Ta\|_{p,\psi^{1 - p}}}{\|a\|_{p,\varphi}} \le K( \lambda_{1}). $$

(34)

Since the constant factor $K(\lambda_{1}) $ in (18) is the best possible, we have

$$ \|T\| = K(\lambda_{1}) = 2B(\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2})\csc^{2/p}\beta \csc^{2/q} \alpha. $$

(35)

Remark 1

(i)

For $\xi = \eta = 0 $ in (19), we have the following new inequality:
$$\begin{aligned}[b] &\sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{a_{m}b_{n}}{\ln^{\lambda} |mn|}\\ &\quad < 2B( \lambda_{1},\lambda_{2}) \Biggl[ \sum _{|m| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}|m|}{|m|^{1 - p}}a_{m}^{p} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{p}} \Biggl[ \sum_{|n| = 2}^{\infty} \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}|n|}{|n|^{1 - q}}b_{n}^{q} \Biggr]^{\frac{1}{q}}.\end{aligned} $$

(36)
It follows that (19) is a more accurate inequalitythan (36); so is (17).
(ii)

If $a_{ - m} = a_{m}$, $b_{ - n} = b_{n}$ ($m,n \in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{ 1\}$), $\xi,\eta \in [0,\frac{1}{2}] $, then (19) reduces to the following inequality:
$$\begin{aligned}[b] &\sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{m = 2}^{\infty} \biggl[ \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda} [(m - \xi )(n - \eta )]} + \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda} [(m - \xi )(n + \eta )]} \\ &\qquad+ \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda} [(m + \xi )(n - \eta )]} + \frac{1}{\ln^{\lambda} [(m + \xi )(n + \eta )]} \biggr]a_{m}b_{n} \\ &\quad< 2B(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2}) \Biggl\{ \sum _{m = 2}^{\infty} \biggl[ \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}(m - \xi )}{(m - \xi )^{1 - p}} + \frac{\ln^{p(1 - \lambda_{1}) - 1}(m + \xi )}{(m + \xi )^{1 - p}} \biggr]a_{m}^{p} \Biggr\} ^{\frac{1}{p}} \\&\qquad\times \Biggl\{ \sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \biggl[ \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}(n - \eta )}{(n - \eta )^{1 - q}} + \frac{\ln^{q(1 - \lambda_{2}) - 1}(n + \eta )}{(n + \eta )^{1 - q}} \biggr]b_{n}^{q} \Biggr\} ^{\frac{1}{q}}.\end{aligned} $$

(37)
(iii)

If $\lambda = 1$, $\lambda_{1} = \frac{1}{q}$, $\lambda_{2} = \frac{1}{p}$, $\xi = \eta \in [0,\frac{1}{2}] $, then (37) reduces to
$$\begin{aligned}[b] &\sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \sum _{m = 2}^{\infty} \biggl[ \frac{1}{\ln (m - \xi )(n - \xi )} + \frac{1}{\ln (m - \xi )(n + \xi )}\\ &\quad\quad + \frac{1}{\ln (m + \xi )(n - \xi )} + \frac{1}{\ln (m + \xi )(n + \xi )} \biggr]a_{m}b_{n} \\&\quad< \frac{2\pi}{\sin (\frac{\pi}{p})} \Biggl\{ \sum_{m = 2}^{\infty} \biggl[ \frac{1}{(m - \xi )^{1 - p}} + \frac{1}{(m + \xi )^{1 - p}} \biggr]a_{m}^{p} \Biggr\} ^{\frac{1}{p}} \\ &\qquad\times\Biggl\{ \sum_{n = 2}^{\infty} \biggl[ \frac{1}{(n - \xi )^{1 - q}} + \frac{1}{(n + \xi )^{1 - q}} \biggr]b_{n}^{q} \Biggr\} ^{\frac{1}{q}}.\end{aligned} $$

(38)
For $\xi = 0 $, (38) reduces to (3). Hence, (17) is a more accurate extension of (3).

5 Conclusions

In this paper, by introducing independent parameters and applying the weight coefficients and Hermite-Hadamard’s inequality we give a more accurate Mulholland-type inequality in the whole plane with a best possible constant factor in Theorems 1-2. Furthermore, the equivalent forms, the reverses in Theorem 3, a few particular cases, and the operator expressions are considered. The method of real analysis is very important, which is the key to prove the equivalent inequalities with the best possible constant factor. The lemmas and theorems provide an extensive account of this type inequalities.

Declarations

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 61370186, 61640222, and 61562016) and Science and Technology Planning Project Item of Guangzhou City (No. 201707010229). We are grateful for this help.

Authors’ contributions

BY carried out the mathematical studies, participated in the sequence alignment, and drafted the manuscript. YZ and QC participated in the design of the study and performed the numerical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Authors’ Affiliations

(1)

Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing of Computer Image and Graphics, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China

(2)

Department of Mathematics, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 51003, China

(3)

Department of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 51003, China

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