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On a new subclass of Ruscheweyh-type harmonic multivalent functions

Abstract

We introduce a certain subclass of harmonic multivalent functions defined by using a Ruscheweyh derivative operator. We obtain coefficient conditions, distortion bounds, extreme points, convex combination for the above class of harmonic multivalent functions. We also derive inclusion relationships involving the neighborhoods of harmonic multivalent functions belonging to this subclass.

MSC:30C45, 30C50.

Dedication

Dedicated to Professor Hari M Srivastava

1 Introduction

A continuous function f=u+iv is a complex-valued harmonic function in a domain DC if both u and v are real harmonic in D. In any simply connected domain D, we can write f=h+ g ¯ , where h and g are analytic in D. We call h the analytic part and g the co-analytic part of f. The harmonic function f=h+ g ¯ is sense preserving and locally one-to-one in D if | h (z)|>| g (z)| in D. See Clunie and Sheil-Small [1].

For p1, nN, denote by SH(n,p) the class of functions f=h+ g ¯ that are sense preserving, harmonic multivalent in the unit disk U={z:|z|<1}, where h and g are defined by

h(z)= z p + k = n + p a k z k ,g(z)= k = n + p 1 b k z k ,| b p |<1,
(1)

which are analytic and multivalent functions in U.

Also, denote by S H ¯ (n,p) the subclass of SH(n,p) consisting of harmonic functions f=h+ g ¯ , where h and g are of the form

h(z)= z p k = n + p a k z k ,g(z)= k = n + p 1 b k z k , a k , b k 0.
(2)

Note that S H ¯ (n,p) reduces to S(n,p), the class of analytic multivalent functions with negative coefficients, if the co-analytic part of f=h+ g ¯ is identically zero.

We define an extended linear derivative operator of a Ruscheweyh-type harmonic function f=h+ g ¯ in SH(n,p) by

D μ , p f(z)= D μ , p h(z)+ D μ , p g ( z ) ¯ ,
(3)

where D is the Ruscheweyh derivative [2] of power series ϕ(z)= z p + k = p + 1 ϕ k z k , given by

D μ , p ϕ ( z ) = z p ( 1 z ) μ + p ϕ ( z ) = z p + k = p + 1 ( k + μ 1 k p ) ϕ k z k = z p + k = p + 1 Γ ( k + μ ) ( k p ) ! Γ ( p + μ ) ϕ k z k ( μ > p ) .

The operator stands for the Hadamard product or convolution of two power series

ϕ(z)= z p + k = n + p ϕ k z k andΨ(z)= z p + k = n + p Ψ k z k

defined by

(ϕΨ)(z)=ϕ(z)Ψ(z)= z p + k = n + p ϕ k Ψ k z k .

Raina and Srivastava [3] introduced this extended Ruscheweyh operator for the class S(n,1).

Next, we define the ordinary differential operator ( D μ , p f ( z ) ) ( q ) to be

( D μ , p f ( z ) ) ( q ) = ( D μ , p h ( z ) ) ( q ) + ( D μ , p g ( z ) ) ( q ) ¯ ,
(4)

where

( D μ , p h ( z ) ) ( q ) = p ! ( p q ) ! z p q + k = n + p Γ ( k + μ ) ( k p ) ! Γ ( p + μ ) k ! ( k q ) ! a k z k q and ( D μ , p g ( z ) ) ( q ) = k = n + p 1 Γ ( k + μ ) ( k p ) ! Γ ( p + μ ) k ! ( k q ) ! b k z k q , p > q , p N , q N 0 = N { 0 } .

Let S H μ q (n,p,λ,α) denote the subclass of SH(n,p) consisting of functions f=h+ g ¯ SH(n,p) that satisfy the condition

(5)

Define S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α):=S H μ q (n,p,λ,α) S H ¯ (n,p).

Taking the co-analytic part of f=h+ g ¯ identically zero and specializing the parameters, we obtain the following subclasses:

  1. (i)

    S H μ 0 (n,1,λ,1α) K μ (n,λ,α) (Irmak et al. [4]),

  2. (ii)

    S H μ q (n,p,λ,(1α)(pq)) T μ q (n,p,λ,α) (Ashwah [5]),

  3. (iii)

    S H μ 0 (n,1,1,1α|γ|) S n (γ,μ,α) (γC{0}) (Murugusundaramoorthy and Srivastava [6]).

We will use the notations

Ω ( i , q ) : = i ! ( i q ) ! , i { p , k } , C p ( k , μ ) : = Γ ( k + μ ) ( k p ) ! Γ ( p + μ ) .

Following Goodman [7] and Ruscheweyh [8] (see also [911] and [12]), for δ0, we define the set of the δ-neighborhood of f=h+ g ¯ S H ¯ (n,p),

N n , p δ ( f ( q ) ; s ( q ) ) = { s S H ¯ ( n , p ) : s ( z ) = z p k = n + p A k z k k = n + p 1 B k z ¯ k , k = n + p k Ω ( k , q ) ( | a k A k | + | b k B k | ) + ( n + p 1 ) Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) | b n + p 1 B n + p 1 | δ } .
(6)

In particular, for the function e(z)= z p , we immediately have

N n , p δ ( e ( q ) ; s ( q ) ) = { s S H ¯ ( n , p ) : s ( z ) = z p k = n + p A k z k k = n + p 1 B k z ¯ k , k = n + p k Ω ( k , q ) ( A k + B k ) + ( n + p 1 ) Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) B n + p 1 δ } .
(7)

Ruscheweyh-type harmonic univalent functions have been studied by several authors such as [13, 14] and [15]. The object of the present paper is to investigate the various properties of multivalent harmonic functions belonging to the subclass S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α). This class is motivated by two earlier investigations [5] and [3]. We extend the results of [5] which include harmonic multivalent functions. Necessary and sufficient coefficient conditions, distortion bounds, extreme points and convex combination of the above mentioned class are derived. Also, inclusion relationships involving the (n,δ) neighborhoods of multivalent harmonic functions belonging to this subclass are established.

2 Main results

Denote by S H (n,p) the class of functions f=h+ g ¯ of the form (1) which are sense preserving and multivalent harmonic starlike, satisfying the condition θ (argf(r e i θ ))0, for each z=r e i θ , 0θ<2π, and 0r<1.

Lemma 2.1 Let f=h+ g ¯ be of the form (1). If

k = n + p k| a k |+ k = n + p 1 k| b k |p(p1,nN)
(8)

then fS H (n,p).

Remark Lemma 2.1 follows immediately from the result due to Ahuja [16] upon setting p and k instead of m and n+m1, respectively.

Theorem 2.2 Let f=h+ g ¯ be given by (1). Furthermore, let

(9)

then f is sense preserving, harmonic multivalent in U, and fS H μ q (n,p,λ,α), where

Ψ= [ ( ( 1 α ) ( p q ) + 1 ) | ( 1 α ) ( p q ) 1 | ] .

Proof If the inequality (9) holds for the coefficients of f=h+ g ¯ , then by (8), f is sense preserving, harmonic multivalent and starlike in U. In view of (5), we need to prove that Re{w}>0, where

w = ( λ z ( D μ , p f ( z ) ) ( q + 1 ) + ( 1 λ ) z ( D 1 + μ , p f ( z ) ) ( q + 1 ) α ( p q ) [ λ ( D μ , p f ( z ) ) ( q ) + ( 1 λ ) ( D 1 + μ , p f ( z ) ) ( q ) ] ) / ( λ ( D μ , p f ( z ) ) ( q ) + ( 1 λ ) ( D 1 + μ , p f ( z ) ) ( q ) ) : = A ( z ) B ( z ) .

Using the fact that Rew0|1+w||1w|, it suffices to show that

|A(z)+B(z)||A(z)B(z)|0.

Therefore we obtain

| A ( z ) + B ( z ) | | A ( z ) B ( z ) | [ Ω ( p , q ) × Ψ ] | z | p q k = n + p 2 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) ( p + μ ) | a k | | z | k q k = n + p 1 ( [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ ( k q α ( p q ) + 1 ) + | k q α ( p q ) 1 | ] × C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) ( p + μ ) | b k | | z | k q ) > [ Ω ( p , q ) × Ψ ] | z | p q × { 1 k = n + p 2 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ψ × ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) | a k | k = n + p 1 ( [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ ( k q α ( p q ) + 1 ) + | k q α ( p q ) 1 | ] × C p ( k , μ ) Ψ × ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) | b k | ) } 0 .

This last expression is non-negative by (9), and so the proof is complete. □

Corollary 2.3 For (1α)(pq)<1 and n2, if the inequality

k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) | a k | + k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) | b k | ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( 0 λ 1 , 0 α < 1 , p > q , p N , q N 0 = N { 0 } )

holds, then f is sense preserving, harmonic multivalent in U, and fS H μ q (n,p,λ,α).

Corollary 2.4 For (1α)(pq)1, if the inequality

k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) | a k | + k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) | b k | 1 ( 0 λ 1 , 0 α < 1 , p > q , p N , q N 0 = N { 0 } )

holds, then f is sense preserving, harmonic multivalent in U, and fS H μ q (n,p,λ,α).

Theorem 2.5 Let f=h+ g ¯ be given by (2). Then

  1. (i)

    for (1α)(pq)<1 and n2, f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) if and only if

    k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) a k + k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) b k ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ,
    (10)
  2. (ii)

    for (1α)(pq)1, f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) if and only if

    k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) a k + k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) b k 1 .
    (11)

Proof The ‘if’ part follows from Theorem 2.2, Corollary 2.3 and Corollary 2.4 upon noting that S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α)S H μ q (n,p,λ,α). For the ‘only if’ part, we show that f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) if the condition (11) does not hold.

Note that a necessary and sufficient condition for f=h+ g ¯ given by (2) to be in S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) is that the condition (5) to be satisfied. This is equivalent to

Re { ( ( 1 α ) ( p q ) k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] × C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) a k z k p k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) b k z ¯ k p ) / ( 1 k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) a k z k p k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) b k z ¯ k p ) } 0 .

The above condition must hold for all values of z, |z|=r<1. Upon choosing the values of z on the positive real axis where 0z=r<1, we must have

(12)

If the condition (11) does not hold, then the numerator of (12) is negative for r sufficiently close to 1 because of conditions (i) or (ii). Thus there exists a z 0 = r 0 in (0,1), for which the quotient in (12) is negative. This contradicts the required condition for f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) and so the proof is complete. □

Next we determine the distortion bounds for the functions in S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α).

Theorem 2.6 Let f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α). Then for |z|=r<1, we have

  1. (i)

    for (1α)(pq)<1 and n2,

    | f ( z ) | ( 1 + b n + p 1 ) r p + ( ( 1 α ) ( p q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × n ( n + p q ) ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) b n + p 1 ) r n + p

and

| f ( z ) | ( 1 b n + p 1 ) r p ( ( 1 α ) ( p q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × n ( n + p q ) ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) b n + p 1 ) r n + p ,
  1. (ii)

    for (1α)(pq)1,

    | f ( z ) | ( 1 + b n + p 1 ) r p + ( 1 [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × n ( n + p q ) ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) b n + p 1 ) r n + p

and

| f ( z ) | ( 1 b n + p 1 ) r p ( 1 [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × n ( n + p q ) ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) b n + p 1 ) r n + p .

Proof (i) We only prove the right-hand inequality. The proof for the left-hand inequality is similar and will be omitted. Let f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α). Taking the absolute value of f, we have

| f ( z ) | ( 1 + b n + p 1 ) r p + k = n + p ( a k + b k ) r k ( 1 + b n + p 1 ) r p + k = n + p ( a k + b k ) r n + p = ( 1 + b n + p 1 ) r p + 1 [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) × k = n + p [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × C p ( n + p , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( n + p , q ) Ω ( p , q ) ( a k + b k ) r n + p ( 1 + b n + p 1 ) r p + 1 [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) × k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) ( a k + b k ) r n + p .

Using Theorem 2.5(i), we obtain

| f ( z ) | ( 1 + b n + p 1 ) r p + ( ( 1 α ) ( p q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] × n ( n + p q ) ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) b n + p 1 ) r n + p .

The proof of the other case is similar and so is omitted. □

The following covering result follows from the left-hand inequality in Theorem 2.6.

Corollary 2.7 Let f of the form (2) be so that f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α). Then

  1. (i)

    for (1α)(pq)<1 and n2,

    { w : | w | < [ 1 ( 1 α ) ( p q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) ( [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ) × ( [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ) 1 × n ( n + p q ) ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) b n + p 1 ] } f ( U ) ,
  2. (ii)

    for (1α)(pq)1,

    { w : | w | < [ 1 1 [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ( p + μ ) C p ( n + p , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( n + p , q ) ( [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ) × ( [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ) 1 × n ( n + p q ) ( n + p + μ 1 ) ( n + p ) b n + p 1 ] } f ( U ) .

Theorem 2.8 Let f be given by (2). Then f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) if and only if

f(z)= k = n + p 1 ( x k h k ( z ) + y k g k ( z ) ) ,

where h n + p 1 (z)= z p , h k (z), for k=n+p,n+p+1, is of the form

h k (z)={ z p ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) z k ; ( 1 α ) ( p q ) < 1 and n 2 , z p ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) z k ; ( 1 α ) ( p q ) 1

and g k (z), for k=n+p1,n+p, is of the form

g k ( z ) = { z p ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) z ¯ k ; ( 1 α ) ( p q ) < 1 and n 2 , z p ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) z ¯ k ; ( 1 α ) ( p q ) 1 , x n + p 1 x p = 1 ( k = n + p x k + k = n + p 1 y k ) , x k 0 , y k 0 .

In particular, the extreme points of S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) are { h k } and { g k }.

Proof Suppose (1α)(pq)<1, n2, and

f ( z ) = k = n + p 1 ( x k h k ( z ) + y k g k ( z ) ) = z p k = n + p ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) x k z k k = n + p 1 ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) y k z ¯ k .

Then

k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) × ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) x k + k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) × ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) y k = k = n + p x k + k = n + p 1 y k = 1 x p 1

and so f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α).

Conversely, if f S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α), then

a k ( 1 α ) ( p q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] ( p + μ ) C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( k , q )

and

b k ( 1 α ) ( p q ) [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] ( p + μ ) C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( p , q ) Ω ( k , q ) .

Set

x k = [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) a k ( k = n + p , n + p + 1 , ) , y k = [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) Ω ( k , q ) ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) b k ( k = n + p 1 , n + p , )

and

x p =1 ( k = n + p x k + k = n + p 1 y k ) ,

where x p 0. Then, as required, we obtain

f(z)= x p z p + k = n + p x k h k (z)+ k = n + p 1 y k g k (z).

The proof for the case (1α)(pq)1 is similar and hence is omitted. □

Theorem 2.9 The class S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) is closed under convex combinations.

Proof Let f i S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) for i=1,2, , where f i is given by

f i (z)= z p k = n + p a k i z k k = n + p 1 b k i z ¯ k .

Then by (10) and (11),

k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) a k i + k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) b k i { ( 1 α ) ( p q ) if  ( 1 α ) ( p q ) < 1  and  n 2 , 1 if  ( 1 α ) ( p q ) 1 .
(13)

For i = 1 t i =1, 0 t i 1, the convex combination of f i may be written as

i = 1 t i f(z)= z p k = n + p ( i = 1 t i a k i ) z k k = n + p 1 ( i = 1 t i b k i ) z ¯ k .

Then by (13),

k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) ( i = 1 t i a k i ) k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) ( i = 1 t i b k i ) = i = 1 t i { k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) a k i k = n + p 1 [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) b k i } { ( 1 α ) ( p q ) i = 1 t i = ( 1 α ) ( p q ) if  ( 1 α ) ( p q ) < 1  and  n 2 , 1 i = 1 t i = 1 if  ( 1 α ) ( p q ) 1 .

This is the condition required by (10) and (11), and so i = 1 t i f i (z) S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α). □

Theorem 2.10 Let s(z) S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α), then

S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α) N n , p δ ( e ( q ) ; s ( q ) ) ,

where e(z) and s(z) are given by (7),

  1. (i)

    for (1α)(pq)<1 and n2,

    δ = ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ( n + p ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] C p ( n + p , μ ) [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] [ Θ ( n + p 1 ) Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) ] B n + p 1 ,
  2. (ii)

    for (1α)(pq)1,

    δ = ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ( n + p ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] C p ( n + p , μ ) [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] [ Θ ( n + p 1 ) Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) ] B n + p 1 ,

where

Θ= [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) n ( n + p ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] ( n + p + μ 1 ) [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] .

Proof Let s(z) S H ¯ μ q (n,p,λ,α), (1α)(pq)<1 and n2. We need to show that s(z) N n , p δ ( e ( q ) ; s ( q ) ). It suffices to show that s satisfies the condition (7). In view of Theorem 2.5(i), we have

( [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] C p ( n + p , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ) k = n + p ( k q α ( p q ) ) Ω ( k , q ) ( A k + B k ) ( 1 α ) ( p q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] C p ( n + p 1 , μ ) Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) × B n + p 1 .

Then

k = n + p k Ω ( k , q ) ( A k + B k ) ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] C p ( n + p , μ ) ( [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) n [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] ( n + p + μ 1 ) ) B n + p 1 + ( q + α ( p q ) ) ( n + p ) k = n + p k Ω ( k , q ) ( A k + B k )

so that

k = n + p k Ω ( k , q ) ( A k + B k ) ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ( n + p ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] C p ( n + p , μ ) [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] Θ B n + p 1 = δ ( n + p 1 ) Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) B n + p 1 ,

which, in view of definition (7), completes the proof of Theorem 2.10. The proof of other case is similar and so is omitted. □

Remark Taking the co-analytic part of s(z) of the form (7) identically zero and letting sS H μ q (n,p,λ,(1α)(pq)), we obtain the neighborhood result of Ashwah [5].

Remark Taking the co-analytic part of s(z) of the form (7) identically zero and letting sS H μ 0 (n,1,1,1α|γ|), we obtain the neighborhood result of Murugusundaramoorthy and Srivastava [6].

Theorem 2.11 Let f S H ¯ n , p m (q,λ,α) and

  1. (i)

    for (1α)(pq)<1 and n2,

    δ Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) × [ p ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ( n + p q ) ! [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] C p ( n + p , μ ) ( n + p 1 ) ! ( ( n + p 1 ) Λ ) b n + p 1 ] ,
  2. (ii)

    for (1α)(pq)1,

    δ Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) × [ p ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ( n + p q ) ! [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] C p ( n + p , μ ) ( n + p 1 ) ! ( ( n + p 1 ) Λ ) b n + p 1 ]

then

N n , p δ ( f ( q ) ; s ( q ) ) S H (n,p),

where

Λ= [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) n ( n + p q ) ! [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] ( n + p 1 ) ! ( n + p + μ 1 ) .

Proof Let (1α)(pq)<1 and n2. Also, suppose that f(z) S H ¯ n , p m (q,λ,α) and s(z) N n , p δ ( f ( q ) ; s ( q ) ). We need to show that s(z)S H (n,p). It suffices to show that s satisfies the condition (8). We have

k = n + p k ( A k + B k ) + ( n + p 1 ) B n + p 1 k = n + p k [ | a k A k | + | b k B k | ] + ( n + p 1 ) | b n + p 1 B n + p 1 | + k = n + p k ( a k + b k ) + ( n + p 1 ) b n + p 1 1 Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) [ k = n + p k Ω ( k , q ) ( | a k A k | + | b k B k | ) + ( n + p 1 ) Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) | b n + p 1 B n + p 1 | ] + ( n + p 1 ) b n + p 1 + ( ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ( n + p q ) ! [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] C p ( n + p , μ ) ( n + p 1 ) ! ) × ( k = n + p [ k + μ λ ( k p ) ] [ k q α ( p q ) ] C p ( k , μ ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( k , q ) Ω ( p , q ) ( a k + b k ) ) δ Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) + ( n + p 1 ) b n + p 1 + ( ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ( n + p q ) ! [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] C p ( n + p , μ ) ( n + p 1 ) ! ) × ( ( 1 α ) ( p q ) [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ + λ 1 ] [ n 1 + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] C p ( n + p 1 , μ ) Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) × b n + p 1 ) .

Now this expression is never greater than p provided that

δ Ω ( n + p 1 , q ) [ p ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ( p + μ ) Ω ( p , q ) ( n + p q ) ! [ n ( 1 λ ) + p + μ ] [ n + ( 1 α ) ( p q ) ] C p ( n + p , μ ) ( n + p 1 ) ! ( ( n + p 1 ) Λ ) b n + p 1 ] .

The proof of the other case is similar and so is omitted. □

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Yaşar, E., Yalçın, S. On a new subclass of Ruscheweyh-type harmonic multivalent functions. J Inequal Appl 2013, 271 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-271

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