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Toeplitz-type operators in weighted Morrey spaces

Abstract

Let T j , 1 and T j , 2 be singular integrals with non-smooth kernels, which are associated with an approximation of identity or ±I (I is the identity operator). Denote the Toeplitz-type operator by T b = j = 1 N T j , 1 M b T j , 2 , where M b f(x)=b(x)f(x). In this paper, the estimates of the Toeplitz operator T b (f) related to singular integral operators with non-smooth kernels and bBMO( R n ) in weighted Morrey spaces is established.

MSC:47B35.

1 Introduction

The classical Morrey spaces were introduced by Morrey in [1] to investigate the local behavior of solutions to second-order elliptic partial differential equations. The boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator, the singular integral operator, the fractional integral operator and the commutator of these operators in Morrey spaces have been studied by many authors; see [25] and the references therein. In [6], Komori and Shirai studied the boundedness of these operators in weighted spaces.

It is well known that the commutator [b,T] is defined by [b,T](f)=T(bf)bT(f), where T is a Calderón-Zygmund operator and bBMO. The commutator generated by the Calderón-Zygmund operators and a locally integrable function b can be regarded as a special case of the Toeplitz operator T b = j = 1 N T j , 1 M b T j , 2 , where T j , 1 and T j , 2 are the Calderón-Zygmund operators or ±I (I is the identity operator), M b f(x)=b(x)f(x). When bBMO, Krantz and Li discussed the L p boundedness of T b on the homogeneous space, see [7, 8]. In [9], the authors studied the boundedness of T b in Morrey spaces. In this paper, we study the boundedness of Toeplitz-type operators related to singular integral operators with non-smooth kernels in weighted Morrey spaces.

The singular integral operators with non-smooth kernels previously appeared in [10]. We say that T is a singular integral operator with non-smooth kernel if it satisfies the following conditions.

  1. (i)

    There exists a class of operators A t with kernels a t (x,y), which satisfy the condition (2.3) in Section 2, so that the kernels k t (x,y) of the operators (T A t T) satisfy the condition

    | k t ( x , y ) | c t γ / m | x y | n + γ ,
    (1.1)

when |xy| c 1 t 1 / m for some γ,m>0.

  1. (ii)

    There exists a class of operators B t with kernels b t (x,y), which satisfy the condition (2.3), such that (TT B t ) have associated kernels K t (x,y) and there exist positive constants c 2 , c 3 such that

    | x y | c 2 t 1 / m | K t ( x , y ) | dx c 3 for all y R n .
    (1.2)

Note that the classes of operators A t and B t play the role of a generalized approximation to the identity. It is not difficult to check that conditions (1.1) and (1.2) are consequences of the standard Calderón-Zygmund operator. See Proposition 2 in [10].

The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we recall some important estimates on BMO functions, maximal functions and sharp maximal functions. In Section 3, we prove the main result.

2 Definitions and preliminary results

Let 1p<, 0<κ<1 and w be a weight. The weighted Morrey space is defined by

L p , κ (w):= { f L loc p ( w ) : f L p , κ ( w ) < } ,

where

f L p , κ ( w ) = sup B ( 1 w ( B ) κ B | f | p w d x ) 1 / p ,

and the supremum is taken over all balls B in R n . If w=1 and κ=λ/n with 0<λ<n, then L p , κ (w)= L p , λ ( R n ), the classical Morrey spaces.

The standard Hardy-Littlewood maximal function M r f, 1r<, is defined by

M r f(x)= sup B : x B ( 1 | B | B | f ( y ) | r d y ) 1 / r ,

where the sup is taken over all balls containing x. If r=1, M 1 f will be denoted by Mf. The Fefferman-Stein sharp maximal function of f, f (x), is defined by

f (x)= sup B : x B 1 | B | B | f ( y ) f B | dy,

where f B = 1 | B | B fdx. We will say fBMO( R n ) if f L loc 1 ( R n ) and f (x) L . If fBMO, the BMO semi-norm of f is given by

f = sup x f (x)= sup x sup x B 1 | B | B | f ( y ) f B | dy.

A weight w is a non-negative locally integrable function. We say that w A p ( R n ), 1<p<, if there exists a constant C such that for every ball B R n ,

( 1 | B | B w d x ) ( 1 | B | B w 1 p d x ) p 1 C,

where 1 p + 1 p =1. For p=1, we say that w A 1 ( R n ) if there is a constant C such that for every ball B R n ,

1 | B | B wdyCw(x)for a.e. xB,

or, equivalently, M(w)Cw a.e. We denote A ( R n )= 1 p < A p ( R n ). For the above definition, see [11].

A family of operators A t , t>0, is said to be a ‘generalized approximation to the identity’ if, for every t>0, A t can be represented by kernels a t (x,y) in the following sense: For every function f L p ( R n ), p1, A t f(x)= R n a t (x,y)f(y)dy, and the following condition holds:

| a t ( x , y ) | h t (x,y)= t n / m s ( | x y | m t 1 ) ,
(2.1)

in which m is a positive constant and s is a positive, bounded, decreasing function satisfying

lim r r n + N + ϵ s ( r m ) =0
(2.2)

for some ϵ>0.

Note that (2.2) implies that

| a t ( x , y ) | t n / m × ( 1 + | x y | t 1 / m ) ( n + ϵ ) .

In [12], the sharp maximal function M A f associated with a ‘generalized approximation to the identity’ { A t ,t>0} is defined by

M A f(x)= sup x B 1 | B | B | f ( y ) A t B f ( y ) | dy,
(2.3)

where t B = r B m , and f L p ( R n ) for some p1.

The following results are proved in the context of spaces of homogeneous type in [13, 14] and [10].

Lemma 2.1

  1. (i)

    For every p[1,), there exists a constant C such that for every f L p ( R n ),

    A t f(x)CMf(x);
  2. (ii)

    Assume that bBMO and M>1. Then, for every ball B(x;r), we have

    | b B b M B |C b logM;
  3. (iii)

    (John-Nirenberg lemma) Let 1p< and B R n , then bBMO if and only if

    1 | B | B | b b B | p dx b p .

Lemma 2.2 For 1<p<, 0<κ<1 and w A p , we have M f L p , κ ( w ) C f L p , κ ( w ) .

For the proof of this lemma, see [[2], Theorem 3.2].

Lemma 2.3 Let { A t ,t>0} be a ‘generalized approximation to the identity’ and let bBMO. Then, for every function f L p ( R n ), p>1, x R n and 1<r<, we have

sup x B 1 | B | B | A t B ( b b B ) f ( y ) | dyC b M r f(x),
(2.4)

where t B = r B m .

For the proof of this lemma, see Lemma 2.3 in [15].

Now, we have the following analogy of the classical Fefferman-Stein inequality [[11], Chapter IV] for the sharp maximal function M A f. For the proof, see Proposition 4.1 in [12].

Lemma 2.4 Take λ>0, w A ( R n ), f L loc 1 and a ball B 0 such that there exists x 0 B 0 with Mf( x 0 )<λ. Then, for every 0<η<1, there exist r,γ>0 (independent of λ, B 0 , f, x 0 ) and C w which only depend on w such that

w { x B 0 : M f ( x ) > D λ , M A f ( x ) γ λ } C w η r w( B 0 ),

where D>1 is a fixed constant which depends only on the ‘generalized approximation to the identity’ { A t ,t>0}.

3 The main results

In this section, we consider the Toeplitz operator related to a singular integral with non-smooth kernel T b = j = 1 M T j , 1 M b T j , 2 , where T j , 1 and T j , 2 are singular integrals with non-smooth kernels, which are associated with an approximation of identity or ±I. For i=1,,M, j=1,2, we assume that if T i , j ±I, then:

  1. (a)

    T i , j are bounded operators on L 2 ( R n ).

  2. (b)

    There exist ‘generalized approximations of the identity’ { B t i j ,t>0} such that ( T i , j T i , j B t i j ) have associated kernels K t i j (x,y) and there exist positive constants C 1 , C 2 such that

    | x y | > C 1 t 1 / m | K t i j ( x , y ) | dx C 2 for all y R n .
  3. (c)

    There exists a ‘generalized approximation to the identity’ { A t ,t>0} such that the kernels k t i j (x,y) of the operators ( T i , j A t T i , j ) satisfy

    | k t i j | C 4 t α / m | x y | n + α t α / m d ( x , y ) α ,
    (3.1)

when |xy| C 3 t 1 / m for some C 3 , C 4 ,α>0.

It is proved in [10] that if T is an operator satisfying (a) and (b) above, then T is of weak (1,1) and of strong type (p,p) for 1<p2. In addition, if (c) is also satisfied, the operator T is bounded on L p ( R n ) for all 1<p<. Moreover, if w A p , then T is bounded on L p (w) (see [12]).

In order to study the boundedness of T b in weighted Morrey spaces, we need the following result.

Lemma 3.1 Let w A , 0<κ<1 and 1<p<. Then, for every f L loc 1 with Mf L p , κ (w), there exists a constant C w , which only depends on w, such that

M f L p , κ ( w ) C w M A f L p , κ ( w ) .
(3.2)

Proof Let B be a ball in R n . Set E λ ={xB:Mf(x)>λ}. Then from the Whitney decomposition theorem, we know that there exist mutually disjoint cubes Q k such that E λ = k Q k and 10 Q k B E λ . Denote B k to be the ball with the same center as Q k and r B k = 1 2  diameter  Q k . Let B ˜ k =10 B k . Then there exists an x k B ˜ k B E λ , that is, Mf( x k )λ. Let us use Lemma 2.4. There are C w ; r>0 and D>1 such that, if 0<η<1 (to be chosen later), we can find γ>0 in such a way that

w { x B ˜ k : M f ( x ) > D λ , M A f ( x ) γ λ } C w η r w( B ˜ k ).

Set U λ ={xB:Mf(x)>Dλ, M A f(x)γλ} and so U λ E λ = k Q k k B ˜ k since D>1. Then

w ( U λ ) k w { x B ˜ k : M f ( x ) > D λ , M A f ( x ) γ λ } C w η r k w ( B ˜ k ) C η r k w ( Q k ) = C η r w ( E λ ) = C η r w { x B : M f ( x ) > λ } ,

where we used the fact that A weights are doubling measures and C is a constant that only depends on the weight. One can prove that

B | M f | p w d x = D p 0 p λ p 1 w { x B : M f ( x ) > D λ } d λ D p 0 p λ p 1 ( w ( U λ ) + w { x B : M A f ( x ) > γ λ } ) d λ C D p η r B | M f | p w d x + D p γ p B | M A f | p w d x .

Let us choose η such that C D p η r =1/2. The former inequality turns out to be

B | M f | p wdx2 D p γ p B | M A f | p wdx.

This implies that

M f L p , κ ( w ) C M A f L p , κ ( w ) .

The proof of this lemma is completed. □

The aim of this section is to prove the following theorem.

Theorem 3.2 Let T i , j be operators satisfying the above conditions (a), (b) and (c) or ±I. Let 1<p<, 0<κ<1 and w A p . Suppose that T 1 (f)=0 when f L p , κ (w). If bBMO( R n ), then there exists a constant C such that

T b ( f ) L p , κ ( w ) C ( j = 1 M T j , 1 L 2 ( R n ) ) ( j = 1 M T j , 2 L 2 ( R n ) ) b f L p , κ ( w )
(3.3)

for all f L p , κ (w).

Proof Without loss of generality, we may assume that

T j , i L 2 ( R n ) 1for all 1jM,i=1,2.

For w A p , it is well known that there exists t>1 such that w A p / t . Then we can choose two real numbers r and s larger than 1 such that 1<rs<p< and w A p / ( r s ) . We will prove that there exists a constant C such that

M A ( T b f)(x) j = 1 M C b M r s ( T j , 2 f)(x)
(3.4)

for all x R n .

We now prove (3.4). For an arbitrary fixed x R n , choose a ball B( x 0 ;r)={y R n :| x 0 y|<r} which contains x. We have that T 1 (f)=0, and so T b B (f)= b B T 1 (f)=0. Thus

T b (f)= T ( b b B ) χ 2 B (f)+ T ( b b B ) χ ( 2 B ) c (f)

and

A t B ( T b f)= A t B ( T ( b b B ) χ 2 B f)+ A t B ( T ( b b B ) χ ( 2 B ) c f),

where t B = r B m . Then

1 | B | B | T b ( f ) ( y ) A t B ( T b f ) ( y ) | d y 1 | B | B | T ( b b B ) χ 2 B ( f ) ( y ) | d y + 1 | B | B | A t B ( T ( b b B ) χ 2 B f ) ( y ) | d y + 1 | B | B | T ( b b B ) χ ( 2 B ) c ( f ) ( y ) A t B ( T ( b b B ) χ ( 2 B ) c f ) ( y ) | d y = : I + II + III .

Let r be the dual of r such that 1/r+1/ r =1. By Lemma 2.1 and the boundedness of T j , 1 , we have

I ( 1 | B | R n | T ( b b B ) χ 2 B ( f ) ( y ) | s d y ) 1 / s j = 1 M C ( 1 | B | 2 B | ( b ( y ) b B ) T j , 2 ( f ) ( y ) | s d y ) 1 / s j = 1 M C ( 1 | B | 2 B | b ( y ) b B | s r d y ) 1 / ( s r ) ( 1 | B | 2 B | T j , 2 ( f ) ( y ) | s r d y ) 1 / ( s r ) j = 1 M C b M r s ( T j , 2 f ) ( x ) .

Similarly, by Lemma 2.1 and the boundedness of T j , 1 , we obtain

II 1 | B | B | M ( T ( b b B ) χ 2 B f ) ( y ) | d y ( 1 | B | R n | M ( T ( b b B ) χ 2 B f ) ( y ) | s d y ) 1 / s ( 1 | B | R n | T ( b b B ) χ 2 B ( f ) ( y ) | s d y ) 1 / s j = 1 M C b M r s ( T j , 2 f ) ( x ) .

We now consider the term III. There are two cases:

  1. (1)

    Suppose that T j , 1 ±I (j=1,,M), then using the assumption (c), we have

    III j = 1 M 1 | B | B ( 2 B ) c | k t B j , 1 ( y , z ) | | ( b ( z ) b B ) T j , 2 ( f ) ( z ) | d z d y C j = 1 M k = 1 2 k r B | x 0 z | < 2 k + 1 r B r B α | x 0 z | n + α | ( b ( z ) b B ) T j , 2 ( f ) ( z ) | d z C j = 1 M k = 1 2 k α 1 | B ( x 0 ; 2 k r B ) | | x 0 z | < 2 k + 1 r B | ( b ( z ) b B ) T j , 2 ( f ) ( z ) | d z C j = 1 M k = 1 2 k α 1 | B ( x 0 ; 2 k r B ) | | x 0 z | < 2 k + 1 r B | b ( z ) b 2 k + 1 B | | T j , 2 ( f ) ( z ) | d z + C j = 1 M k = 1 2 k α | b 2 k + 1 B b B | 1 | B ( x 0 ; 2 k r B ) | | x 0 z | < 2 k + 1 r B | T j , 2 ( f ) ( z ) | d z C b j = 1 M k = 1 2 k α M r s ( T j , 2 f ) ( x ) + C b j = 1 M k = 1 2 k α ( k + 1 ) M ( T j , 2 f ) ( x ) C b j = 1 M M r s ( T j , 2 f ) ( x ) .
  2. (2)

    Suppose that there are i identity or −I operators in { T j , 1 }. Without loss of generality, we assume that T 1 , 1 ,, T i , 1 are identity operators, then

    III j = 1 i 1 | B | B | ( b ( z ) b B ) χ ( 2 B ) c T j , 2 ( f ) ( z ) | d z + j = 1 i 1 | B | B | A t B ( ( b b B ) χ ( 2 B ) c T j , 2 ( f ) ) ( z ) | d z + j = i + 1 M 1 | B | B | T j , 1 M ( b b B ) χ ( 2 B ) c T j , 2 ( f ) ( z ) A t B ( T j , 1 M ( b b B ) χ ( 2 B ) c T j , 2 ( f ) ) ( z ) | d z = III 1 + III 2 + III 3 .

It is obvious that III 1 =0.

By (2.4) and Lemma 2.1, we obtain

I I I 2 j = 1 i 1 | B | B ( 2 B ) c | h t B ( z , y ) ( b ( y ) b B ) T j , 2 ( f ) ( y ) | d y d z = j = 1 i k = 1 1 | B | B ( 2 k + 1 B ) ( 2 k B ) | h t B ( z , y ) ( b ( y ) b B ) T j , 2 ( f ) ( y ) | d y d z C j = 1 i k = 1 2 k n s ( 2 ( k 1 ) m ) 2 k + 1 B | ( b ( y ) b B ) T j , 2 ( f ) ( y ) | d y d z C b j = 1 i k = 1 ( k + 1 ) 2 k n s ( 2 ( k 1 ) m ) M r s ( T j , 2 f ) ( x ) C b j = 1 i M r s ( T j , 2 f ) ( x ) .

Moreover, from case (1) it follows that

I I I 3 C b j = i + 1 M M r s ( T j , 2 f)(x).

So, IIIC b j = 1 M M r s ( T j , 2 f)(x).

Combining the above estimates of I, II and III, we obtain (3.4).

From (3.4), we know that if T is an operator satisfying (a), (b) and (c), then there exists 1<s<p such that w A p / s and

M A (Tf)(x)C M s f(x).
(3.5)

For the proof of (3.5), one can also see [[12], Proposition 5.4]. Then combining (3.5), Lemmas 2.2 and 3.1, we have

T f L p , κ ( w ) C M A ( T f ) L p , κ ( w ) M s f L p , κ ( w ) f L p , κ ( w ) .

Combining this, (3.4), Lemmas 2.2 and 3.1, we have

T b f L p , κ ( w ) C M A ( T b f ) L p , κ ( w ) j = 1 M C b M r s ( T j , 2 f ) L p , κ ( w ) C b f L p , κ ( w )

for all f L p , κ (w). The proof of this theorem is completed. □

Corollary 3.3 Let T be operators satisfying the above conditions (a), (b) and (c). Let w A p , 1<p<. If bBMO( R n ), then there exists a constant C such that

[ b , T ] f L p , κ ( w ) C b f L p , κ ( w )
(3.6)

for all f L p , κ (w).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the referee for carefully reading the manuscript and for making several useful suggestions. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11271092), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. s2011010005367), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20114410110001, 20124410120002) and SRF of Guangzhou Education Bureau (Grant No. 2012A088).

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Xie, P., Cao, G. Toeplitz-type operators in weighted Morrey spaces. J Inequal Appl 2013, 253 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2013-253

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