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Fuzzy Stability of Generalized Mixed Type Cubic, Quadratic, and Additive Functional Equation
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2011, Article number: 95 (2011)
Abstract
In this paper, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of generalized mixed type cubic, quadratic, and additive functional equation, in fuzzy Banach spaces.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 39B82; 39B52.
1. Introduction
The stability problem of functional equations originated from a question of Ulam [1] concerning the stability of group homomorphisms. Hyers [2] gave a first affirmative answer to the question of Ulam for Banach spaces. Hyers' theorem was generalized by Aoki [3] for additive mappings and by Rassias [4] for linear mappings by considering an unbounded Cauchy difference. The paper of Rassias [4] has provided a lot of influence in the development of what we now call generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of functional equations. In 1994, a generalization of the Rassias' theorem was obtained by Găvruta [5] by replacing the unbounded Cauchy difference by a general control function in the spirit of Rassias' approach.
The functional equation
is related to a symmetric bi-additive mapping [6, 7]. It is natural that this equation is called a quadratic functional equation. In particular, every solution of the quadratic equation (1.1) is said to be a quadratic mapping. It is well known that a mapping f between real vector spaces is quadratic if and only if there exits a unique symmetric bi-additive mapping B such that f(x) = B(x, x) for all x (see [6, 7]). The bi-additive mapping B is given by
A generalized Hyers-Ulam stability problem for the quadratic functional equation (1.1) was proved by Skof for mappings f : A → B, where A is normed space and B is a Banach space [8] (see [9–12]).
Jun and Kim [13] introduced the following cubic functional equation
and they established the general solution and the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for the functional equation (1.3). They proved that a mapping f between two real vector spaces X and Y is a solution of (1.3) if and only if there exists a unique mapping C : X × X × X → Y such that f (x) = C(x, x, x) for all x ∈ X, moreover, C is symmetric for each fixed one variable and is additive for fixed two variables. The mapping C is given by
for all x, y, z ∈ X. During the last decades, several stability problems for various functional equations have been investigated by many mathematicians; [14–21].
Eshaghi and Khodaei [22] have established the general solution and investigated the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for a mixed type of cubic, quadratic, and additive functional equation with f (0) = 0,
in quasi-Banach spaces, where k is nonzero integer numbers with k ≠ ± 1. Obviously, the function f (x) = ax + bx2 + cx3 is a solution of the functional equation (1.5). Interesting new results concerning mixed functional equations has recently been obtained by Najati et. al. [23, 24], Jun and Kim [25, 26] as well as for the fuzzy stability of a mixed type of additive and quadratic functional equation by Park [27] (see also [28–43]).
This paper is organized as follows: In Section 3, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation (1.5) in fuzzy Banach spaces for an even case. In Section 4, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation (1.5) in fuzzy Banach spaces for an odd case. In Section 5, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of generalized mixed cubic, quadratic, and additive functional equation (1.5) in fuzzy Banach spaces.
2. Preliminaries
We use the definition of fuzzy normed spaces given in [44] to investigate a fuzzy version of the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for the functional equation (1.5) in the fuzzy normed space setting.
Definition 2.1. (Bag and Samanta [44], Mirmostafaee [45]). Let X be a real linear space. A function N : X × ℝ → [0, 1] is said to be a fuzzy norm on X if for all x, y ∈ X and all s, t ∈ ℝ ;
(N1) N(x, t) = 0 for all t ≤ 0;
(N2) x = 0 if and only if N(x, t) = 1 for all t > 0;
(N3) if c ≠ 0;
(N4) N(x + y, s + t) ≥ min{N(x, s), N(y, t)};
(N5) N(x, ·) is non-decreasing function on ℝ and limt→∞N(x, t) = 1;
(N6) N(x, ·) is left continuous on ℝ for every x ≠ 0.
The pair (X, N) is called a fuzzy normed linear space.
The properties of fuzzy normed vector spaces and examples of fuzzy norms are given in ([3, 45–47]).
Definition 2.2. (Bag and Samanta [44], Mirmostafaee [45]). Let (X, N) be a fuzzy normed linear space. A sequence {x n } in X is said to be convergent if there exists x ∈ X such that limn→∞N(x n - x, t) = 1 for all t > 0. In that case, x is called the limit of the sequence (x n ) and we write N - limn→∞x n = x.
Definition 2.3. (Bag and Samanta [44], Mirmostafaee [45]). Let (X, N) be a fuzzy normed linear space. A sequence {x n } in X is called Cauchy if for each ϵ > 0 and each δ > 0, there exists n0 ∈ ℕ such that N(x m - x n , δ) > 1 - ϵ (m, n ≥ n0).
It is well known that every convergent sequence in a fuzzy normed vector space is Cauchy. If each Cauchy sequence is convergent, then the fuzzy norm is said to be complete and the fuzzy normed vector space is called a fuzzy Banach space.
We say that a function f : X → Y between fuzzy normed vector spaces X and Y is continuous at a point x0 ∈ X if for each sequence {x k } converging to x0 in X, then the sequence {f(x k )} converges to f(x0). If f : X → Y is continuous at each x ∈ X, then f : X → Y is said to be continuous on X (see [48]).
In the rest of this paper, unless otherwise explicitly stated, we will assume that X is a vector space, (Z, N') is a fuzzy normed space, and (Y, N) is a fuzzy Banach space. For convenience, we use the following abbreviation for a given function f : X → Y,
for all x, y ∈ X, where k is nonzero integer numbers with k ≠ ± 1.
3. Fuzzy stability of the functional equation (1.5): an even case
In this section, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation (1.5) in fuzzy Banach spaces, for an even case. From now on, V1 and V2 will be real vector spaces.
Lemma 3.1. [22]. If an even mapping f : V1 → V2 satisfies (1.5), then f(x) is quadratic.
Theorem 3.2. Let ℓ ∈ {-1, 1} be fixed and let φ q : X × X → Y be a mapping such that
for all x, y ∈ X and for some positive real number α with αℓ < k2ℓ. Suppose that an even mapping f : X → Y with f(0) = 0 satisfies the inequality
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. Then, the limit
exists for all x ∈ X and Q : X → Y is a unique quadratic mapping satisfying
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0.
Proof. Case (1): ℓ = 1. By putting x = 0 in (3.2) and then using evenness of f and f(0) = 0, we obtain
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. If we replace y in (3.4) by x, we get
for all x ∈ X. So
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Then by our assumption
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x by knx in (3.6) and using (3.7), we obtain
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n ≥ 0. Replacing t by αnt in (3.8), we see that
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n > 0. It follows from and (3.9) that
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n > 0. Replacing x by kmx in (3.10), we observe that
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. Hence
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. By last inequality, we obtain
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. Since 0 < α < k2 and , the Cauchy criterion for convergence and (N5) imply that is a Cauchy sequence in Y. Since Y is a fuzzy Banach space, this sequence converges to some point Q(x) ∈ Y. So one can define the function Q : X → Y by
for all x ∈ X. Fix x ∈ X and put m = 0 in (3.11) to obtain
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all n > 0. From which we obtain
for n large enough. Taking the limit as n → ∞ in (3.13), we obtain
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. It follows from (3.8) and (3.12) that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Therefore,
for all x ∈ X. Replacing x, y by knx, kny in (3.2), respectively, we obtain
which tends to 1 as n → ∞ for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. So, we see that Q satisfies (1.5). Thus, by Lemma 3.1, the function x ⇝ f(x) is quadratic. Therefore, (3.15) implies that the function Q is quadratic.
Now, to prove the uniqueness property of Q, let Q': X → Y be another quadratic function satisfying (3.3). It follows from (3.3), (3.7) and (3.15) that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Since α < k2, we obtain . Thus, Q(x) = Q'(x).
Case (2): ℓ = -1. We can state the proof in the same pattern as we did in the first case.
Replacing x by in (3.5), we obtain
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x and t by and in (3.16), respectively, we obtain
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all n > 0. One can deduce
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n ≥ 0. From which we conclude that is a Cauchy sequence in the fuzzy Banach space (Y, N). Therefore, there is a mapping Q : X → Y defined by . Employing (3.17) with m = 0, we obtain
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. The proof for uniqueness of Q for this case proceeds similarly to that in the previous case, hence it is omitted. □
Remark 3.3. Let 0 < α < k2. Suppose that the function t ↦ N(f(x) - Q(x), .) from (0, ∞) into [0, 1] is right continuous. Then, we obtain a better fuzzy (3.14) as follows.
We obtain
Tending s to zero we infer that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0.
From Theorem 3.2, we obtain the following corollary concerning the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability [4] of quadratic mappings satisfying (1.5), in normed spaces.
Corollary 3.4. Let X be a normed space and Y be a Banach space. Let ε, λ be non-negative real numbers such that λ ≠ 2. Suppose that an even mapping f : X → Y with f(0) = 0 satisfies
for all x, y ∈ X. Then, the limit
exists for all x ∈ X and Q : X → Y is a unique quadratic mapping satisfying
for all x ∈ X, where λℓ < 2ℓ.
Proof. Define the function N by
It is easy to see that (X, N) is a fuzzy normed space and (Y, N) is a fuzzy Banach space. Denote φ q : X × X → ℝ, the function sending each (x, y) to ε(||x||λ + ||y||λ). By assumption
note that N': ℝ × ℝ → [0, 1] given by
is a fuzzy norm on ℝ. By Theorem 3.2, there exists a unique quadratic mapping Q : X → Y satisfying the equation (1.5) and
and thus
which implies that, ℓ(k2 - kλ)||f(x) - Q(x)|| ≤ 2ε||x||λ for all x ∈ X. □
In the following theorem, we will show that under some extra conditions on Theorem 3.2, the quadratic function r ↦ Q(rx) is fuzzy continuous. It follows that in such a case, Q(rx) = r2Q(x) for all x ∈ X and r ∈ ℝ.
In the following result, we will assume that all conditions of the theorem 3.2 hold.
Theorem 3.5. Denote N1 the fuzzy norm obtained as Corollary 3.4 on ℝ . Let for all x ∈ X, the functions r ↦ f(rx) (from (ℝ, N1) into (Y, N)) and r ↦ φ q (0, rx) (from (ℝ, N1) into (Z, N')) be fuzzy continuous. Then, for all x ∈ X, the function r ↦ Q(rx) is fuzzy continuous and Q(rx) = r2Q(x) for all r ∈ ℝ .
Proof. Case (1): ℓ = 1. Let {r k } be a sequence in ℝ that converge to some r ∈ ℝ, and let t > 0. Let ε > 0 be given, since 0 < α < k2, so , there is m ∈ ℕ such that
It follows from (3.14) and (3.20) that
By the fuzzy continuity of functions r ↦ f(rx) and r ↦ φ q (0, rx), we can find some such that for any n ≥ j,
and
It follows from (3.20) and (3.23) that
On the other hand,
It follows from (3.24) and (3.25) that
So, it follows from (3.21), (3.22) and (3.26) that for any n ≥ j,
Therefore, for every choice x ∈ X, t > 0, and ε > 0, we can find some such that N(Q(r k x) - Q(rx), t) > 1 - ε for every . This shows that Q(r k x) → Q(rx). The proof for ℓ = -1 proceeds similarly to that in the previous case.
It is not hard to see that Q(rx) = r2Q(x) for each rational number r. Since Q is a fuzzy continuous function, by the same reasoning as in the proof of [45], the quadratic mapping Q : X → Y satisfies Q(rx) = r2Q(x) for each r ∈ ℝ. □
4. Fuzzy stability of the functional equation (1.5): an odd case
In this section, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation (1.5) in fuzzy Banach spaces for an odd case.
Lemma 4.1. [22, 24]. If an odd mapping f : V1 → V2 satisfies (1.5), then the mapping g : V1 → V2, defined by g(x) = f(2x) - 8f(x), is additive.
Theorem 4.2. Let ℓ ∈ {-1, 1} be fixed and let φ q : X × X → Z be a function such that
for all x, y ∈ X and for some positive real number α with αℓ < 2ℓ. Suppose that an odd mapping f : X → Y satisfies the inequality
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. Then, the limit
exists for all x ∈ X and A : X → Y is a unique additive mapping satisfying
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0, where
Proof. Case (1): ℓ = 1. It follows from (4.2) and using oddness of f that
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. Putting y = x in (4.4), we have
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. It follows from (4.5) that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x and y by 2x and x in (4.4), respectively, we get
for all x ∈ X. Setting y = 2x in (4.4), we have
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Putting y = 3x in (4.4), we obtain
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x and y by (k + 1)x and x in (4.4), respectively, we get
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x and y by (k - 1)x and x in (4.4), respectively, one gets
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x and y by (2k + 1)x and x in (4.4), respectively, we obtain
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x and y by (2k - 1)x and x in (4.4), respectively, we have
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. It follows from (4.5), (4.7), (4.8), (4.10) and (4.11) that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. And, from (4.5), (4.6), (4.8), (4.9), (4.12) and (4.14), we conclude that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Finally, by using (4.14) and (4.15), we obtain that Similar to the proof Theorem 3.2, we have
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0, where
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Thus, (4.16) means that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Let g : X → Y be a mapping defined by g(x):= f(2x) - 8f(x) for all x ∈ X. From (4.17), we conclude that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. So
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Then, by our assumption
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x by 2nx in (4.19) and using (4.20), we obtain
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n ≥ 0. Replacing t by αnt in (4.21), we see that
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n > 0. It follows from and (4.22) that
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n > 0. Replacing x by 2mx in (4.23), we observe that
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. So
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. Hence
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. Since 0 < α < 2 and , the Cauchy criterion for convergence and (N5) imply that is a Cauchy sequence in (Y, N) to some point A(x) ∈ Y. So one can define the mapping A : X → Y by
for all x ∈ X. Fix x ∈ X and put m = 0 in (4.24) to obtain
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n > 0. From which we obtain
for n large enough. Taking the limit as n → ∞ in (4.26), we obtain
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. It follows from (4.21) and (4.25) that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Therefore,
for all x ∈ X. Replacing x, y by 2nx, 2ny in (4.2), respectively, we obtain
which tends to 1 as n → ∞ for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. So we see that A satisfies (1.5). Thus, by Lemma 4.1, the mapping x ⇝ A(2x) - 8A(x) is additive. So (4.28) implies that the mapping A is additive.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 3.2 and we omit the details. □
Remark 4.3. Let 0 < α < 2. Suppose that the function t ↦ N(f(2x) - 8f(x) - A(x), .) from (0, ∞) into [0, 1] is right continuous. Then, we obtain a better fuzzy approximation than (4.27).
Corollary 4.4. Let X be a normed space and Y be a Banach space. Let ε, λ be non-negative real numbers such that λ ≠ 1. Suppose that an odd mapping f : X → Y satisfies the inequality (3.18) for all x, y ∈ X. Then, the limit
exists for all x ∈ X and A : X → Y is a unique additive mapping satisfying
for all x ∈ X, where λℓ < ℓ.
Proof. The proof is similar to the proof of Corollary 3.4 and the result follows from Theorem 4.2. □
Theorem 4.5. Denote N1 the fuzzy norm obtained as Corollary 3.4 on R. Let for all x ∈ X, the functions r ↦ f(2rx) - 8f(rx) (from (R, N1) into (Y, N)) and r ↦ φ a (ι1rx, ι2ry) (from (R, N1) into (Z, N')) be fuzzy continuous, where ι1 ∈ {1, 2, (k + 1), (k - 1), (2k + 1), (2k - 1)} and ι2 ∈ {1, 2, 3}. Then, for all x ∈ X, the function r ↦ A(rx) is fuzzy continuous and A(rx) = rA(x) for all r ∈ R.
Proof. The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 3.5 and the result follows from Theorem 4.2. □
Lemma 4.6. [22, 24]. If an odd mapping f : V1 → V2 satisfies (1.5), then the mapping h : V1 → V2 defined by h(x) = f(2x) - 2f(x) is cubic.
Theorem 4.7. Let ℓ ∈ {-1, 1} be fixed and let φ c : X × X → Z be a mapping such that
for all x, y ∈ X and for some positive real number α with αℓ < 8ℓ. Suppose that an odd mapping f : X → Y satisfies the inequality
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. Then, the limit
exists for all x ∈ X and C : X → Y is a unique cubic mapping satisfying
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0, where
Proof. Case (1): ℓ = 1. Similar to the proof of Theorem 4.2, we have
for for all x ∈ X and all t > 0, where M c (x, t) is defined as in above. Letting h : X → Y be a mapping defined by h(x):= f(2x) - 2f(x). Then, we conclude that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. So
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Then, by our assumption
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Replacing x by 2nx in (4.34) and using (4.35), we obtain
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n ≥ 0. Replacing t by αnt in (4.36), we see that
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n > 0. It follows from and (4.37) that
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n > 0. Replacing x by 2mx in (4.38), we observe that
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. So
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. Hence
for all x ∈ X, all t > 0 and all m ≥ 0, n > 0. Since 0 < α < 8 and , the Cauchy criterion for convergence and (N5) imply that is a Cauchy sequence in (Y, N) to some point C(x) ∈ Y. So one can define the mapping C : X → Y by
for all x ∈ X. Fix x ∈ X and put m = 0 in (4.39) to obtain
for all x ∈ X, t > 0 and n > 0. From which we obtain
for n large enough. Taking the limit as n → ∞ in (4.41), we obtain
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. It follows from (4.36) and (4.40) that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Therefore,
for all x ∈ X. Replacing x, y by 2nx, 2ny in (4.31), respectively, we obtain
which tends to 1 as n → ∞ for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. So we see that C, satisfies (1.5). Thus, by Lemma 4.6, the mapping x ⇝ C(2x) - 2C(x) is cubic. So (4.43) implies that the function C is cubic. The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 3.2 and we omit the details. □
Remark 4.8. Let 0 < α < 8. Suppose that the function t ↦ N(f(2x) - 2f(x) - C(x), .) from (0, ∞) into [0, 1] is right continuous. Then, we obtain a better fuzzy approximation than(4.42).
Corollary 4.9. Let X be a normed space and Y be a Banach space. Let ε, λ be non-negative real numbers such that λ ≠ 3. Suppose that an odd mapping f : X → Y satisfies the inequality (3.18) for all x, y ∈ X. Then, the limit
exists for all x ∈ X and C : X → Y is a unique cubic mapping satisfying
for all x ∈ X, where λℓ < 3ℓ.
Theorem 4.10. Denote N1 the fuzzy norm obtained as Corollary 3.4 on R. Let for all x ∈ X, the functions r ↦ f(2rx) - 2f(rx) (from (R, N1) into (Y, N)) and r ↦ φ q (ι1rx, ι2ry) (from (R, N1) into (Z, N')) be fuzzy continuous, where ι1 ∈ {1, 2, (k + 1), (k - 1), (2k + 1), (2k - 1)} and ι2 ∈ {1, 2, 3}. Then, for all x ∈ X, the function r ↦ C(rx) is fuzzy continuous and C(rx) = r3C(x) for all r ∈ R.
Proof. The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem 3.5 and the result follows from Theorem 4.7. □
Theorem 4.11. Let φ : X × X → Z be a mapping such that
for all x, y ∈ X and for some positive real number α. Suppose that an odd mapping f : X → Y satisfies the inequality
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. Then, there exist a unique cubic mapping C : X → Y and a unique additive mappingA : X → Y such that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0, where
Proof. Case (1): 0 < α < 2. By Theorems 4.2 and 4.7, there exist an additive mapping A0 : X → Y and a cubic mapping C0 : X → Y such that
and
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. It follows from (4.48) and (4.49) that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Letting and in (4.50), we obtain
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. To prove the uniqueness of A and C, let A', C': X → Y be another additive and cubic mappings satisfying (4.51). Let and . So
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Therefore, it follows from the last inequalities that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. So, , hence and then . The rest of the proof, proceeds similarly to that in the previous case. □
Remark 4.12. Let 0 < α < 2. Suppose that the function t ↦ N(f(x) - A(x) - C(x), .) from (0, ∞) into [0, 1] is right continuous. Then, we obtain a better fuzzy approximation than (4.51).
Corollary 4.13. Let X be a normed space and Y be a Banach space. Let ε, λ be non-negative real numbers. Suppose that an odd mapping f : X → Y satisfies the inequality (3.18) for all x, y ∈ X. Then there exist a unique additive mapping A : X → Y and a unique cubic mapping C : X → Y such that
for all x ∈ X.
Proof. The result follows by Corollaries 4.4 and 4.9. □
Theorem 4.14. Denote N1 the fuzzy norm obtained as Corollary 3.4 on R. Let for all x ∈ X, the functions r ↦ f(rx) (from (R, N1) into (Y, N)) and r ↦ φ(ι1rx, ι2ry) (from (R, N1) into (Z, N')) be fuzzy continuous, where ι1 ∈ {1, 2, (k + 1), (k - 1), (2k + 1), (2k - 1)} and ι2 ∈ {1, 2, 3}. Then, for all x ∈ X, the function r ↦ A(rx) + C(rx) is fuzzy continuous and A(rx) + C(rx) = rA(x) + r3C(x) for all r ∈ R.
Proof. The result follows by Theorems 4.5 and 4.10. □
5. Fuzzy stability of the functional equation (1.5)
In this section, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of a mixed cubic, quadratic, and additive functional equation (1.5) in fuzzy Banach spaces.
Theorem 5.1. Let φ : X × X → Z be a function which satisfies (3.1) and (4.45) for all x, y ∈ X and for some positive real number α. Suppose that a mapping f : X → Y satisfies the inequality
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. Furthermore, assume that f(0) = 0 in (5.1) for the case f is even. If |k| = 2, then there exist a unique cubic mapping C : X → Y, a unique quadratic mapping Q : X → Y and a unique additive mapping A : X → Y such that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0, otherwise
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0, where
and
Proof. Case (1): 0 < α < 2. Assume that φ : X × X → Z satisfies (1.6) for all x, y ∈ X. Let for all x ∈ X, then f e (0) = 0, f e (-x) = f e (x), and
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. By Theorem 3.2 for all x, y ∈ X, there exist a unique quadratic mapping Q : X → Y such that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. Now, if φ : X × X → Z satisfies (4.45) for all x, y ∈ X, and let for all x ∈ X, then
for all x, y ∈ X and all t > 0. By Theorem 4.11, it follows that there exist a unique cubic mapping C : X → Y and a unique additive mapping A ; X → Y such that
for all x ∈ X and all t > 0. It follows from (5.4) and (5.5) that
The rest of the proof proceeds similarly to that in the previous case. □
Remark 5.2. Let 0 < α < 2. Suppose that the function t ↦ N(f(x) - C(x) - Q(x) - A(x), .) from (0, ∞) into [0, 1] is right continuous. Then, we obtain a better fuzzy approximation than (5.2) or (5.3).
Corollary 5.3. Let X be a normed space and Y be a Banach space. Let ε, λ be non-negative real numbers. Suppose that f(0) = 0 in (3.18) for the case f : X → Y is even. Then, there exist a unique cubic mapping C : X → Y, a unique quadratic mapping Q : X → Y and a unique additive mapping A : X → Y such that
for all x ∈ X.
Proof. The result follows by Corollaries 3.4 and 4.13. □
Theorem 5.4. Denote N1 the fuzzy norm obtained as Corollary 3.4 on R. Let for all x ∈ X, the functions r ↦ f(rx) (from (R, N1) into (Y, N)) and r ↦ φ(ι1rx, ι2ry) (from (R, N1) into (Z, N')) be fuzzy continuous, where ι1 ∈ {0, ± 1, ± 2, ± (k + 1), ± (k - 1), ± (2k + 1), ± (2k - 1)} and ι2 ∈ { ± 1, ± 2, ± 3}. Then, for all x ∈ X, the function r ↦ C(rx) + Q(rx) + A(rx) is fuzzy continuous and C(rx) + Q(rx) + A(rx) = r3C(x) + r2Q(x) + rA(x) for all r ∈ R.
Proof. The result follows by Theorems 3.5 and 4.14. □
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The fourth author was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2010-0021792).
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Gordji, M.E., Kamyar, M., Khodaei, H. et al. Fuzzy Stability of Generalized Mixed Type Cubic, Quadratic, and Additive Functional Equation. J Inequal Appl 2011, 95 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2011-95
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2011-95