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Regularization of ill-posed mixed variational inequalities with non-monotone perturbations
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2011, Article number: 25 (2011)
Abstract
In this paper, we study a regularization method for ill-posed mixed variational inequalities with non-monotone perturbations in Banach spaces. The convergence and convergence rates of regularized solutions are established by using a priori and a posteriori regularization parameter choice that is based upon the generalized discrepancy principle.
1 Introduction
Variational inequality problems in finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional spaces appear in many fields of applied mathematics such as convex programming, nonlinear equations, equilibrium models in economics, and engineering (see [1–3]). Therefore, methods for solving variational inequalities and related problems have wide applicability. In this paper, we consider the mixed variational inequality: for a given f ∈ X*, find an element x0 ∈ X such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ1_HTML.gif)
where A : X → X* is a monotone-bounded hemicontinuous operator with domain D(A) = X, φ : X → ℝ is a proper convex lower semicontinuous functional and X is a real reflexive Banach space with its dual space X*. For the sake of simplicity, the norms of X and X* are denoted by the same symbol || · ||. We write 〈x*, x〉 instead of x*(x) for x* ∈ X* and x ∈ X.
By S0 we denote the solution set of the problem (1). It is easy to see that S0 is closed and convex whenever it is not empty. For the existence of a solution to (1), we have the following well-known result (see [4]):
Theorem 1.1. If there exists u ∈ dom φ satisfying the coercive condition
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ2_HTML.gif)
then (1) has at least one solution.
Many standard extremal problems can be considered as special cases of (1). Denote φ by the indicator function of a closed convex set K in X,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equa_HTML.gif)
Then, the problem (1) is equivalent to that of finding x0 ∈ K such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ3_HTML.gif)
In the case K is the whole space X, the later variational inequality is of the form of the following operator equation:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ4_HTML.gif)
When A is the Gâteaux derivative of a finite-valued convex function F defined on X, the problem (1) becomes the nondifferentiable convex optimization problem (see [4]):
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ5_HTML.gif)
Some methods have been proposed for solving problem (1), for example, the proximal point method (see [5]), and the auxiliary subproblem principle (see [6]). However, the problem (1) is in general ill-posed, as its solutions do not depend continuously on the data (A, f, φ), we used stable methods for solving it. A widely used and efficient method is the regularization method introduced by Liskovets [7] using the perturbative mixed variational inequality:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ6_HTML.gif)
where A h is a monotone operator, α is a regularization parameter, U is the duality mapping of X, x * ∈ X and (A h , f δ , φ ε ) are approximations of (A, f, φ), τ = (h, δ, ε). The convergence rates of the regularized solutions defined by (6) are considered by Buong and Thuy [8].
In this paper, we do not require A
h
: to be monotone. In this case, the regularized variational inequality (6) may be unsolvable. In order to avoid this fact, we introduce the regularized problem of finding
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ7_HTML.gif)
where μ is positive small enough, Us is the generalized duality mapping of X (see Definition 1.3) and is in X which plays the role of a criterion of selection, g is defined below.
Assume that the solution set S0 of the inequality (1) is non-empty, and its data A, f, φ are given by A h , f δ , φ ε satisfying the conditions:
(1) || f - f δ || ≤ δ, δ → 0;
(2) A h : X → X* is not necessarily monotone, D(A h ) = D(A) = X, and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ8_HTML.gif)
with a non-negative function g(t) satisfying the condition
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equb_HTML.gif)
(3) φ ε : X → ℝ is a proper convex lower semicontinuous functional for which there exist positive numbers c ε and r ε such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equc_HTML.gif)
and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ9_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ10_HTML.gif)
where C0 is some positive constant, d(t) has the same properties as g(t).
In the next section we consider the existence and uniqueness of solutions of (7), for every α > 0. Then, we show that the regularized solutions
converge to x0 ∈ S0, the
-minimal norm solution defined by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equd_HTML.gif)
The convergence rate of the regularized solutions to x0 will be established under the condition of inverse-strongly monotonicity for A and the regularization parameter choice based on the generalized discrepancy principle.
We now recall some known definitions (see [9–11]).
Definition 1.1. An operator A : D(A) = X → X* is said to be
-
(a)
hemicontinuous if A(x + t n y) ⇀ Ax as t n → 0+, x, y ∈ X, and demicontinuous if x n → x implies Ax n ⇀ Ax;
-
(b)
monotone if 〈Ax - Ay, x - y〉 ≥ 0, ∀x, y ∈ X;
-
(c)
inverse-strongly monotone if
(11)
where m A is a positive constant.
It is well-known that a monotone and hemicontinuous operator is demicontinuous and a convex and lower semicontinuous functional is weakly lower semicontinuous (see [9]). And an inverse-strongly monotone operator is not strongly monotone (see [10]).
Definition 1.2. It is said that an operator A : X → X* has S-property if the weak convergence x n ⇀ x and 〈Ax n - Ax, x n - x〉 → 0 imply the strong convergence x n → x as n → ∞.
Definition 1.3. The operator Us : X → X* is called the generalized duality mapping of X if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ12_HTML.gif)
When s = 2, we have the duality mapping U. If X and X* are strictly convex spaces, Us is single-valued, strictly monotone, coercive, and demicontinuous (see [9]).
Let X = Lp (Ω) with p ∈ (1, ∞) and Ω ⊂ ℝ m measurable, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Eque_HTML.gif)
Assume that the generalized duality mapping Us satisfies the following condition:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ13_HTML.gif)
where m s is a positive constant. It is well-known that when X is a Hilbert space, then Us = I, s = 2 and m s = 1, where I denotes the identity operator in the setting space (see [12]).
2 Main result
Lemma 2.1. Let X* be a strictly convex Banach space. Assume that A is a monotone-bounded hemicontinuous operator with D(A) = X and conditions (2) and (3) are satisfied. Then, the inequality (7) has a non-empty solution set S ε for each α > 0 and f δ ∈ X*.
Proof. Let x ε ∈ dom φ ε . The monotonicity of A and assumption (3) imply the following inequality:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equf_HTML.gif)
for ||x|| > r ε . Consequently, (2) is fulfilled for the pair (A + αUs , φ ε ). Thus, for each α > 0 and f δ ∈ X*, there exists a solution of the following inequality:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ14_HTML.gif)
Observe that the unique solvability of this inequality follows from the monotonicity of A and the strict monotonicity of Us . Indeed, let x1 and x2 be two different solutions of (14). Then,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ15_HTML.gif)
and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ16_HTML.gif)
Putting z = x2 in (15) and z = x1 in (16) and add the obtained inequalities, we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equg_HTML.gif)
Due to the monotonicity of A and the strict monotonicity of Us , the last inequality occurs only if x1 = x2.
Let be a solution of (14), that is,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ17_HTML.gif)
For all h > 0, making use of (8), from (17) one gets
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ18_HTML.gif)
Since μ ≥ h, we can conclude that each is a solution of (7).
□
Let be a solution of (7). We have the following result.
Theorem 2.1. Let X and X* be strictly convex Banach spaces and A be a monotone-bounded hemicontinuous operator with D(A) = X. Assume that conditions (1)-(3) are satisfied, the operator Us satisfies condition (13) and, in addition, the operator A has the S-property. Let
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ19_HTML.gif)
Thenconverges strongly to the
-minimal norm solution x0 ∈ S0.
Proof. By (1) and (7), we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equh_HTML.gif)
This inequality is equivalent to the following
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ20_HTML.gif)
The monotonicity of A, assumption (1), and the inequalities (8), (9), (13) and (20) yield the relation
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ21_HTML.gif)
Since μ/α → 0 as α → 0 (and consequently, h/α → 0), it follows from (19) and the last inequality that the set are bounded. Therefore, there exists a subsequence of which we denote by the same
weakly converges to
.
We now prove the strong convergence of to
. The monotonicity of A and Us implies that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ22_HTML.gif)
In view of the weak convergence of to
, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ23_HTML.gif)
By virtue of (8),
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ24_HTML.gif)
Using further (7), we deduce
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ25_HTML.gif)
Since and φ
ε
is proper convex weakly lower semicontinuous, we have from (25) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ26_HTML.gif)
By (22)-(24) and (26), it results that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equi_HTML.gif)
Finally, the S property of A implies the strong convergence of to
.
We show that . By (8) and take into account (7) we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ27_HTML.gif)
Since the functional φ is weakly lower semicontinuous,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ28_HTML.gif)
Since is bounded, by (9), there exists a positive constant c2 such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ29_HTML.gif)
By letting α → 0 in the inequality (7), provided that A is demicontinuous, from (8), (9), (28), (29) and condition (1) imply that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equj_HTML.gif)
This means that .
We show that . Applying the monotonicity of Us and the inequalities (8), (9) and (13), we can rewrite (17) as
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equk_HTML.gif)
Since α → 0, ε/α, δ/α, μ/α → 0 (and h/α → 0), the last inequality becomes
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equl_HTML.gif)
Replacing x by , t ∈ (0, 1) in the last inequality, dividing by (1 - t) and then letting t to 1, we get
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equm_HTML.gif)
or
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equn_HTML.gif)
Using the property of Us , we have that , ∀x ∈ S0. Because of the convexity and the closedness of S0, and the strictly convexity of X, we can conclude that
. The proof is complete.
□
Now, we consider the problem of choosing posteriori regularization parameter such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equo_HTML.gif)
To solve this problem, we use the function for selecting by generalized discrepancy principle, i.e. the relation
is constructed on the basis of the following equation:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ30_HTML.gif)
with , where
is the solution of (7) with
, c is some positive constant.
Lemma 2.2. Let X and X* be strictly convex Banach spaces and A : X → X* be a monotone-bounded hemicontinuous operator with D(A) = X. Assume that conditions (1), (2) are satisfied, the operator Us satisfies condition (13). Then, the function is single-valued and continuous for α≥ α0> 0, where
is the solution of (7).
Proof. Single-valued solvability of the inequality (7) implies the continuity property of the function ρ(α). Let α1, α2 ≥ α0 be arbitrary (α0> 0). It follows from (7) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ31_HTML.gif)
where and
are solutions of (7) with α = α1 and α = α2. Using the condition (2) and the monotonicity of A, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equp_HTML.gif)
It follows from (13) and the last inequality that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equq_HTML.gif)
Obviously, as μ → 0 and α1 → α2. It means that the function
is continuous on [α0; +∞). Therefore, ρ(α) is also continuous on [α0; +∞).
Theorem 2.2. Let X and X* be strictly convex Banach spaces and A : X → X* be a monotone-bounded hemicontinuous operator with D(A) = X. Assume that conditions (1)-(3) are satisfied, the operator Us satisfies condition (13). Then
(i) there exists at least a solutionof the equation (30),
(ii) let μ, δ, ε → 0. Then
(1);
(2) if 0 < p < q then,
with
-minimal norm and there exist constants C1, C2> 0 such that for sufficiently small μ, δ, ε > 0 the relation
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ32_HTML.gif)
holds.
Proof.
(i) For 0 < α < 1, it follows from (7) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equr_HTML.gif)
Hence,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equs_HTML.gif)
We invoke the condition (1), the monotonicity of A, (8), (10), (12), and the last inequality to deduce that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ33_HTML.gif)
It follows from (33) and the form of ρ(α) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equt_HTML.gif)
Therefore, limα→+0αqρ(α) = 0.
On the other hand,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equu_HTML.gif)
Since ρ(α) is continuous, there exists at leat one which satisfies (30).
(ii) It follows from (30) and the form of that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equv_HTML.gif)
Therefore, as μ, δ, ε → 0.
If 0 < p < q, it follows from (30) and (32) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equw_HTML.gif)
So,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equx_HTML.gif)
By Theorem 2.1 the sequence converges to x0 ∈ S0 with
-minimal norm as μ, δ, ε → 0.
Clearly,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equy_HTML.gif)
therefore, there exists a positive constant C2 such that (32). On the other hand, because c > 0 so there exists a positive constant C1 satisfied (32). This finishes the proof.
□
Theorem 2.3. Let X be a strictly convex Banach space and A be a monotone-bounded hemicontinuous operator with D(A) = X. Suppose that
(i) for each h, δ, ε > 0 conditions (1)-(3) are satisfied;
(ii) Us satisfies condition (13);
(iii) A is an inverse-strongly monotone operator from X into X*, Fréchet differentiable at some neighborhood of x0 ∈ S0and satisfies
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ34_HTML.gif)
(iv) there exists z ∈ X such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equz_HTML.gif)
then, if the parameter α = α (μ, δ, ε) is chosen by (30) with 0 < p < q, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equaa_HTML.gif)
Proof. By an argument analogous to that used for the proof of the first part of Theorem 2.1, we have (21). The boundedness of the sequence follows from (21) and the properties of g(t), d(t) and α. On the other hand, based on (20), the property of Us and the inverse-strongly monotone property of A we get that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equab_HTML.gif)
Hence,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equac_HTML.gif)
Further, by virtue of conditions (iii), (iv) and the last estimate, we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equad_HTML.gif)
Consequently, (21) has the form
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equ35_HTML.gif)
When α is chosen by (30), it follows from Theorem 2.1 that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equae_HTML.gif)
and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equaf_HTML.gif)
Therefore, it follows from (35) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equag_HTML.gif)
where , i = 1, 2, 3, are the positive constants. Using the implication
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equah_HTML.gif)
we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equai_HTML.gif)
Remark 2.1 If α is chosen a priori such that α ~ (μ + δ + ε) η , 0 < η < 1, it follows from (35) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equaj_HTML.gif)
Therefore,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1029-242X-2011-25/MediaObjects/13660_2011_Article_25_Equak_HTML.gif)
Remark 2.2 Condition (34) was proposed in [13] for studying convergence analysis of the Landweber iteration method for a class of nonlinear operators. This condition is used to estimate convergence rates of regularized solutions of ill-posed variational inequalities in [14].
Remark 2.3 The generalized discrepancy principle for regularization parameter choice is presented in [15] for the ill-posed operator equation (4) when A is a linear and bounded operator in Hilbert space. It is considered and applied to estimating convergence rates of the regularized solution for equation (4) involving an accretive operator in [16].
References
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Thuy, N.T. Regularization of ill-posed mixed variational inequalities with non-monotone perturbations. J Inequal Appl 2011, 25 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2011-25
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2011-25