- Research Article
- Open access
- Published:
Hardy-Hilbert-Type Inequalities with a Homogeneous Kernel in Discrete Case
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2010, Article number: 912601 (2010)
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is a study of some new generalizations of Hilbert's and Hardy-Hilbert's type inequalities. We apply our general results to homogeneous functions. We shall obtain, in a similar way as Yang did in(2009), that the constant factors are the best possible when the parameters satisfy appropriate conditions.
1. Introduction
Hilbert and Hardy-Hilbert type inequalities (see [1]) are very significant weight inequalities which play an important role in many fields of mathematics. Although classical, such inequalities have attracted the interest of numerous mathematicians and have been generalized in many different ways. Also the numerous mathematicians reproved them using various techniques. Some possibilities of generalizing such inequalities are, for example, various choices of nonnegative measures, kernels, sets of integration, extension to multidimensional case, and so forth.
Similar inequalities, in operator form, appear in harmonic analysis where one investigates properties of boundedness of such operators. This is the reason why Hilbert's inequality is so popular and represents field of interest of numerous mathematicians: since Hilbert till nowadays.
We start with the following two discrete inequalities, which are the well-known Hilbert and Hardy-Hilbert type inequalities. More precisely, if such that
and
, then the following inequality holds (Hardy et al. [1]):
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ1_HTML.gif)
where the constant factor is the best possible. The equivalent form of inequality (1.1) is (see Yang and Debnath [2])
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ2_HTML.gif)
where the constant factor is still the best possible.
In this paper we refer to a recent paper of Yang (see [3]). In 2005, Yang [3] gave some extension of Hilbert's inequality with two pairs of conjugate exponents
and two parameters
as
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ3_HTML.gif)
where the constant factor is the best possible.
Let and
Define a Hilbert-type linear operator
for all
one has
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ4_HTML.gif)
For define the formal inner product of
and
as
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ5_HTML.gif)
Zhong (see [4]) proved the following theorem.
Theorem.
Suppose that and
are two pairs of conjugate exponents,
If
then one has the equivalent inequalities as
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ6_HTML.gif)
where the constant factor is the best possible.
Results in this paper will be based on the following general form of Hilbert's and Hardy-Hilbert's inequality proven in [5]. All the measures are assumed to be finite on some measure space
. Let
with
be nonnegative functions. Then the following inequalities hold and are equivalent:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ7_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ8_HTML.gif)
where
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ9_HTML.gif)
It is of great importance to consider the case when the functions and
defined by (1.9), are bounded. More precisely, Krnić and Pečarić in [5] proved the following result.
Theorem.
Let with
be nonnegative functions and
where
and
are defined by (1.9). Then the following inequalities hold and are equivalent:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ10_HTML.gif)
In this paper a generalization of Theorem 1.1 for a general type of homogeneous kernels is obtained. Recall that for a homogeneous function of degree
,
, equality
is satisfied for every
. Further, we define
and suppose that
for
In what follows, without further explanation, we assume that all series and integrals exist on the respective domains of their definitions.
2. Main Results
We apply Theorem 1.2 to obtain the following theorem.
Theorem.
Let with
Let
and
be two nonnegative real sequences. If
is homogeneous function of degree
strictly decreasing in both parameters
and
then the following inequalities hold and are equivalent:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ11_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ12_HTML.gif)
where and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ13_HTML.gif)
Proof.
We use the inequalities (1.7), (1.8), and Theorem 1.2 with counting measure. First, we prove the inequality (2.1). Put and
in the inequality (1.7). Then, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ14_HTML.gif)
where and
Since
and
the functions
and
are strictly decreasing, where we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ15_HTML.gif)
Using homogeneity of the functions and the substitution
we get
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ16_HTML.gif)
In a similar manner we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ17_HTML.gif)
Now, the result follows from Theorem 1.2.
Remark.
Equality in the previous theorem is possible only if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ18_HTML.gif)
for arbitrary constants and
(see [5]). Condition (2.8) immediately gives that nontrivial case of equality in (2.1) and (2.2) leads to divergent series.
Now, we consider some special choice of the parameters and
More precisely, let the parameters
and
satisfy constraint
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ19_HTML.gif)
Then, the constant from Theorem 2.1 becomes
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ20_HTML.gif)
Further, the inequalities (2.1) and (2.2) take form
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ21_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ22_HTML.gif)
In the following theorem we show, in a similar way as Yang did in [6], that if the parameters and
satisfy condition (2.9), then one obtains the best possible constant. To prove this result we need the next lemma (see [6]).
Lemma.
If is decreasing in
and strictly decreasing in a subinterval of
and
then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ23_HTML.gif)
Theorem.
Let , and
be defined as in Theorem 2.1. If the parameters
and
satisfy condition
then the constants
and
in the inequalities (2.11) and (2.12) are the best possible.
Proof.
For this purpose, with , set
and
Now, let us suppose that there exists a smaller constant
such that the inequality (2.11) is valid. Let
denote the right-hand side of (2.11). Using Lemma 2.3, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ24_HTML.gif)
Further, let denote the left-hand side of the inequality (2.11), for above choice of sequences
and
Applying, respectively, Lemma 2.3, Fubini's theorem, and substitution
we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ25_HTML.gif)
From (2.11), (2.14), and (2.15) we get
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ26_HTML.gif)
By letting we obtain
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ27_HTML.gif)
Using symmetry of the function we have
Now, from (2.17) we obtain a contradiction with assumption
Finally, equivalence of the inequalities (2.11) and (2.12) means that the constant is the best possible in the inequality (2.12). This completes the proof.
We proceed with some special homogeneous functions. Since the function is homogeneous of degree
by using Theorem 2.4 we obtain the following.
Corollary.
Let Suppose that the parameters
satisfy condition
Then the following inequalities hold and are equivalent:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ28_HTML.gif)
where the constant factors and
are the best possible.
Remark.
If we put in Corollary 2.5, then the inequalities (2.18) become
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ29_HTML.gif)
where the constant factors , and
are the best possible. For
we obtain nonweighted case with the best possible constant
Setting
and
in the inequalities (2.19) we obtain the inequalities (1.1) and (1.2) from Introduction.
Remark.
It is easy to see that Theorem 2.4 is the generalization of Theorem 1.1. Namely, let us define , and
Note that the parameters
satisfy condition
Then, the best possible constant
from Theorem 2.4 becomes
from Theorem 1.1 (see also [4]).
Remark.
Similarly as in Corollary 2.5, for the homogeneous function of degree nonnegative real sequences
and the parameters
we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ30_HTML.gif)
where the constants and
are the best possible.
Remark.
Let , and
be defined as in Theorem 2.1. Take
in the inequalities (2.11) and (2.12). By using Theorem 2.4 we get equivalent inequalities for general homogeneous kernel
:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F912601/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_2296_Equ31_HTML.gif)
where the constant factors and
are the best possible.
Setting in the inequalities (2.21) we obtain the result from [6]. Similarly, for above choice of the parameters
, and
we obtain Yang's result (1.3) from Introduction.
References
Hardy GH, Littlewood JE, Pólya G: Inequalities. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 1967.
Yang B, Debnath L: On a new generalization of Hardy-Hilbert's inequality and its applications. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1999, 233(2):484–497. 10.1006/jmaa.1999.6295
Yang B: On best extensions of Hardy-Hilbert's inequality with two parameters. Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics 2005, 6(3, article 81):1–15.
Zhong W: A Hilbert-type linear operator with the norm and its applications. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2009, 2009:-18.
Krnić M, Pečarić J: General Hilbert's and Hardy's inequalities. Mathematical Inequalities & Applications 2005, 8(1):29–52.
Yang B: On a Hilbert-type operator with a class of homogeneous kernels. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2009, 2009:-9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Pečarić, J., Vuković, P. Hardy-Hilbert-Type Inequalities with a Homogeneous Kernel in Discrete Case. J Inequal Appl 2010, 912601 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/912601
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/912601