- Research Article
- Open access
- Published:
Sharp Becker-Stark-Type Inequalities for Bessel Functions
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2010, Article number: 838740 (2010)
Abstract
We extend the Becker-Stark-type inequalities to the ratio of two normalized Bessel functions of the first kind by using Kishore formula and Rayleigh inequality.
1. Introduction
In 1978, Becker and Stark [1] (or see Kuang [2, page 248]) obtained the following two-sided rational approximation for .
Theorem 1.1.
Let ; then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ1_HTML.gif)
Furthermore, and
are the best constants in (1.1).
In recent paper [3], we obtained the following further result.
Theorem 1.2.
Let ; then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ2_HTML.gif)
Furthermore, and
are the best constants in (1.2).
Moreover, the following refinement of the Becker-Stark inequality was established in [3].
Theorem 1.3.
Let , and
be a natural number. Then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ3_HTML.gif)
holds, where , and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ4_HTML.gif)
where are the even-indexed Bernoulli numbers. Furthermore,
and
are the best constants in (1.3).
Our aim of this paper is to extend the tangent function to Bessel functions. To achieve our goal, let us recall some basic facts about Bessel functions. Suppose that and consider the normalized Bessel function of the first kind
, defined by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ5_HTML.gif)
where, is the well- known Pochhammer (or Appell) symbol, and
defined by [4, page 40]
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ6_HTML.gif)
Particularly for and
, respectively, the function
reduces to some elementary functions, like [4, page 54]
and
. In view of that
, in Section 3 we shall extend the result of Theorem 1.3 to the ratio of two normalized Bessel functions of the first kind
and
.
2. Some Lemmas
In order to prove our main result in next section, each of the following lemmas will be needed.
Lemma 2.1 (Kishore Formula, see [5, 6]).
Let ,
be the
th positive zero of the Bessel function of the first kind of order
, and
. Then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ7_HTML.gif)
where , and
is the Rayleigh function of order
, which showed in [4, page 502].
Lemma 2.2 (Rayleigh Inequality [5, 6]).
Let , and
be the
th positive zero of the Bessel function of the first kind of order
,
, and
is the Rayleigh function of order
. Then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ8_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ9_HTML.gif)
hold.
Lemma 2.3.
Let ,
be the normalized Bessel function of the first kind of order
,
the
th positive zero of the Bessel function of the first kind of order
,
,
the Rayleigh function of order
, and
. Then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ10_HTML.gif)
where .
Proof.
By Lemma 2.1 and (2.3) in Lemma 2.2, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ11_HTML.gif)
where , which follows from (2.2) in Lemma 2.2.
3. Main Result and Its Proof
Theorem 3.1.
Let ,
be the normalized Bessel function of the first kind of order
,
the
th positive zero of the Bessel function of the first kind of order
,
,
the Rayleigh function of order
,
a natural number, and
. Let
, and
. Then
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ12_HTML.gif)
holds, where and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ13_HTML.gif)
Furthermore, and
are the best constants in (3.1).
Proof of Theorem 3.1.
Let
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ14_HTML.gif)
Then by Lemma 2.3, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2010%2F838740/MediaObjects/13660_2010_Article_2269_Equ15_HTML.gif)
Since for
by Lemma 2.3,
is decreasing on
.
At the same time, in view of that we have that
by (3.3), and
by (3.4), so
and
are the best constants in (3.1).
Remark 3.2.
Let in Theorem 3.1; we obtain Theorem 1.3.
References
Becker M, Stark EL: “On a hierarchy of quolynomial inequalities for tanx”, University of Beograd Publikacije Elektrotehnicki Fakultet. Serija Matematika i fizika 1978, (602–633):133–138.
Kuang JC: Applied Inequalities. 3rd edition. Shandong Science and Technology Press, Jinan, China; 2004.
Zhu L, Hua JK: “Sharpening the Becker-Stark inequalities”, Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2010, 2010:-4.
Watson GN: A Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions, Cambridge Mathematical Library. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 1995:viii+804.
Kishore N: “The Rayleigh function”, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 1963, 14: 527–533. 10.1090/S0002-9939-1963-0151649-2
Baricz Á, Wu S: “Sharp exponential Redheffer-type inequalities for Bessel functions”, Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen 2009, 74(3–4):257–278.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, L. Sharp Becker-Stark-Type Inequalities for Bessel Functions. J Inequal Appl 2010, 838740 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/838740
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/838740