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Approximate Behavior of Bi-Quadratic Mappings in Quasinormed Spaces
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2010, Article number: 472721 (2010)
Abstract
We obtain the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the bi-quadratic functional equation in quasinormed spaces.
1. Introduction
In 1940, Ulam [1] gave a talk before the Mathematics Club of the University of Wisconsin in which he discussed a number of unsolved problems, containing the stability problem of homomorphisms as follows
Let be a group and let be a metric group with the metric . Given , does there exist a such that if a mapping satisfies the inequality for all then there is a homomorphism with for all ?
Hyers [2] proved the stability problem of additive mappings in Banach spaces. Rassias [3] provided a generalization of Hyers theorem which allows the Cauchy difference to be unbounded: let be a mapping from a normed vector space into a Banach space subject to the inequality
for all , where and are constants with and . The above inequality provided a lot of influence in the development of a generalization of the Hyers-Ulam stability concept. Gvruţa [4] provided a further generalization of Hyers-Ulam theorem. A square norm on an inner product space satisfies the important parallelogram equality:
The functional equation
is called the quadratic functional equation whose solution is said to be a quadratic mapping. A generalized stability problem for the quadratic functional equation was proved by Skof [5] for mappings , where is a normed space and is a Banach space. Cholewa [6] noticed that the theorem of Skof is still true if the relevant domain is replaced by an Abelian group. Czerwik [7] proved the generalized stability of the quadratic functional equation, and Park [8] proved the generalized stability of the quadratic functional equation in Banach modules over a -algebra.
Throughout this paper, let and be vector spaces.
Definition 1.1.
A mapping is called bi-quadratic if satisfies the system of the following equations:
When , the function given by is a solution of (1.4).
For a mapping , consider the functional equation:
Let be a real linear space. A quasinorm is real-valued function on satisfying the following
(i) for all and if and only if .
(ii) for all and all .
(iii)There is a constant such that for all .
It follows from the condition (iii) that
for all and all .
The pair is called a quasinormed space if is a quasinorm on . The smallest possible is called the modulus of concavity of . A quasi-Banach space is a complete quasinormed space. A quasinorm is called a -norm () if
for all . In this case, a quasi-Banach space is called a -Banach space.
Given a -norm, the formula gives us a translation invariant metric on . By the Aoki-Rolewicz theorem [10] (see also [9]), each quasinorm is equivalent to some -norm. Since it is much easier to work with -norms, henceforth we restrict our attention mainly to -norms. In [11], Tabor has investigated a version of Hyers-Rassias-Gajda theorem (see also [3, 12]) in quasi-Banach spaces. Since then, the stability problems have been investigated by many authors (see [13–18]).
The authors [19] solved the solutions of (1.4) and (1.5) as follows.
Theorem A.
A mapping satisfies (1.4) if and only if there exist a multi-additive mapping such that and for all .
Theorem B.
A mapping satisfies (1.4) if and only if it satisfies (1.5).
In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of (1.4) and (1.5) in quasi-Banach spaces.
2. Stability of (1.4) and (1.5) in Quasi-normed Spaces
Throughout this section, assume that is a quasinormed space with quasinorm and that is a -Banach space with -norm . Let be the modulus of concavity of .
Let and be two functions such that
for all .
Let be two functions satisfying
for all .
Theorem 2.1.
Let be a mapping such that
and let and for all . Then there exist two bi-quadratic mappings such that
for all .
Proof.
Letting in (2.4), we get
for all . Thus we have
for all . Replacing by in the above inequality, we obtain
for all . Since is a -Banach space, for given integers , we see that
for all . By (2.2) and (2.11), the sequence is a Cauchy sequence for all . Since is complete, the sequence converges for all . Define by
for all . Putting and taking in (2.11), one can obtain the inequality (2.6). By (2.4) and (2.5), we get
for all and all . Letting in the above two inequalities and using (2.1), is bi-quadratic.
Next, setting in (2.5),
for all . By the same method as above, define by for all . By the same argument as above, is a bi-quadratic mapping satisfying (2.7).
Corollary 2.2.
Let be a mapping such that
and let and for all . Then there exist two bi-quadratic mappings such that
for all .
Proof.
In Theorem 2.1, putting and for all , we get the desired result.
From now on, let be a function such that
for all .
We will use the following lemma in order to prove Theorem 2.4.
Lemma 2.3 (see [20]).
Let and let be nonnegative real numbers. Then
Theorem 2.4.
Let be a mapping such that
and let and for all . Then there exists a unique bi-quadratic mapping such that
for all .
Proof.
Letting and in (2.20), we have
for all . Thus we obtain
for all and all . Replacing by in the above inequality, we see that
for all and all . By Lemma 2.3, for given integers , we get
for all . By (2.18) and (2.25), the sequence is a Cauchy sequence for all . Since is complete, the sequence converges for all . Define by
for all .
By (2.20), we have
for all and all . Letting and using (2.17), we see that satisfies (1.5). By Theorem B, we obtain that is bi-quadratic. Setting and taking in (2.25), one can obtain the inequality (2.21). If is another bi-quadratic mapping satisfying (2.21), we obtain
for all . Hence the mapping is the unique bi-quadratic mapping, as desired.
Corollary 2.5.
Let be a nonnegative real number. Let be a mapping such that
and let and for all . Then there exists a unique bi-quadratic mapping such that
for all .
Proof.
In Theorem 2.4, putting for all , we get the desired result.
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Park, WG., Bae, JH. Approximate Behavior of Bi-Quadratic Mappings in Quasinormed Spaces. J Inequal Appl 2010, 472721 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/472721
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/472721