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Interpolation Functions of -Extensions of Apostol's Type Euler Polynomials
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2009, Article number: 451217 (2009)
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to present new -extensions of Apostol's type Euler polynomials using the fermionic -adic integral on . We define the --Euler polynomials and obtain the interpolation functions and the Hurwitz type zeta functions of these polynomials. We define -extensions of Apostol type's Euler polynomials of higher order using the multivariate fermionic -adic integral on . We have the interpolation functions of these --Euler polynomials. We also give -extensions of Apostol's type Euler polynomials of higher order and have the multiple Hurwitz type zeta functions of these --Euler polynomials.
1. Introduction, Definitions, and Notations
After Carlitz [1] gave -extensions of the classical Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, the -extensions of Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials have been studied by several authors. Many authors have studied on various kinds of -analogues of the Euler numbers and polynomials (cf., [1–39]).T Kim [7–23] has published remarkable research results for -extensions of the Euler numbers and polynomials and their interpolation functions. In [13], T Kim presented a systematic study of some families of multiple -Euler numbers and polynomials. By using the -Volkenborn integration on , he constructed the -adic -Euler numbers and polynomials of higher order and gave the generating function of these numbers and the Euler --function. In [20], Kim studied some families of multiple -Genocchi and -Euler numbers using the multivariate -adic -Volkenborn integral on , and gave interesting identities related to these numbers. Recently, Kim [21] studied some families of -Euler numbers and polynomials of Nölund's type using multivariate fermionic -adic integral on .
Many authors have studied the Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials, the Apostol-Euler polynomials, and their -extensions (cf., [1, 6, 25, 27, 28, 33–41]). Choi et al. [6] studied some -extensions of the Apostol-Bernoulli and the Apostol-Euler polynomials of order , and multiple Hurwitz zeta function. In [24], Kim et al. defined Apostol's type -Euler numbers and polynomials using the fermionic -adic -integral and obtained the generating functions of these numbers and polynomials, respectively. They also had the distribution relation for Apostol's type -Euler polynomials and obtained -zeta function associated with Apostol's type -Euler numbers and Hurwitz type -zeta function associated with Apostol's type -Euler polynomials for negative integers.
In this paper, we will present new -extensions of Apostol's type Euler polynomials using the fermionic -adic integral on , and then we give interpolation functions and the Hurwitz type zeta functions of these polynomials. We also give -extensions of Apostol's type Euler polynomials of higher order using the multivariate fermionic -adic integral on .
Let be a fixed odd prime number. Throughout this paper , , and will, respectively, denote the ring of -adic rational integers, the field of -adic rational numbers, the complex number field, and the completion of algebraic closure of . Let be the set of natural numbers and . Let be the normalized exponential valuation of with When one talks of -extension, is variously considered as an indeterminate, a complex number or a -adic number . If one normally assumes If then one assumes
Now we recall some -notations. The -basic natural numbers are defined by and the -factorial by . The -binomial coefficients are defined by
Note that , which is the binomial coefficient. The -shift factorial is given by
Note that . It is well known that the -binomial formulae are defined as
Since , it follows that
Hence it follows that
which converges to as
For a fixed odd positive integer with , let
where lies in . The distribution is defined by
Let be the set of uniformly differentiable functions on . For , the -adic invariant -integral is defined as
The fermionic -adic invariant -integral on is defined as
where . The fermionic -adic integral on is defined as
It follows that where . For , let . we have
The classical Euler numbers and the classical Euler polynomials are defined, respectively, as follows:
It is known that the classical Euler numbers and polynomials are interpolated by the Euler zeta function and Hurwitz type zeta function, respectively, as follows:
In Section 2, we define new -extensions of Apostol's type Euler polynomials using the fermionic -adic integral on which will be called the --Euler polynomials . Then we obtain the interpolation functions and the Hurwitz type zeta functions of these polynomials. In Section 3, we define -extensions of Apostol's type Euler polynomials of higher order using the multivariate fermionic -adic integral on . We have the interpolation functions of these higher-order --Euler polynomials. In Section 4, we also give -extensions of Apostol's type Euler polynomials of higher order and have the multiple Euler zeta functions of these --Euler polynomials.
2. -Extensions of Apostol's Type Euler Polynomials
First, we assume that with . In , the -Euler polynomials are defined by
and are called the -Euler numbers. Then it follows that
The generating functions of are defined as
By (2.3), the interpolation functions of the -Euler polynomials are obtained as follows:
Thus, we have the following theorem.
Theorem 2.1.
Assume with . Then one has
Differentiating at shows that
In , we assume that with . The -Euler polynomials are defined by
By (2.7), we have
For , the Hurwitz type zeta functions for the -Euler polynomials are given as
For , we have from (2.9) that
Now we give new -extensions of Apostol's type Euler polynomials. For , let be the cyclic group of order . Let be the p-adic locally constant space defined by
First, we assume that with . For , we define -Euler polynomials of Apostol's type using the fermionic -adic integral as follows:
and we will call them the --Euler polynomials. Then are defined as the --Euler numbers. From (2.12), we have
Let . From (2.12), we easily derive
On the other hand, we have
From (2.14) and (2.15), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 2.2.
Assume that with . For , let Then one has
In , we assume that with . Let with . We define the --Euler polynomials to be satisfied the following equation:
When we differentiate both sides of (2.17) at , we have
Hence we have the interpolation functions of the --Euler polynomials as follows:
For , we define the Hurwitz type zeta function of the --Euler polynomials as
where For , we have
3. -Extensions of Apostol's Type Euler Polynomials of Higher Order
In this section, we give the -extension of Apostol's type Euler polynomials of higher order using the multivariate fermionic -adic integral.
First, we assume that with . Let . We define the --Euler polynomials of order as follows:
Note that are called the --Euler number of order . Using the multivariate fermionic -adic integral, we obtain from (3.1) that
Let be the generating functions of defined by
By (2.12) and (3.3), we have
Thus we have the following theorem.
Theorem 3.1.
Assume that with . For and , let . Then one has
In , we assume that with and with for . We define the --Euler polynomial of order as follows:
From (3.6), we have
For , we define the multiple Hurwitz type zeta functions for --Euler polynomials as
where In the special case with , we have
4. -Extension of Apostol's Type Euler Polynomials of Higher Order
In this section, we give the -extension of --Euler polynomials of higher order using the multivariate fermionic -adic integral.
Assume that with . For , we define --Euler polynomials of order as follows:
Note that are called the --Euler numbers.
When , the --Euler polynomials are
where is the Gaussian binomial coefficient. From (4.2), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 4.1.
Assume that with . For and , let . Then one has
In , assume that with and with . Then we can define --Euler polynomials for as follows:
Differentiating both sides of (4.4) at , we have
From (4.5), we have
Then we have
For , we define the Hurwitz type zeta function of --Euler polynomials of order as
where
From (4.4) and (4.8), we easily see that
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Acknowledgment
The present research has been conducted by the research grant of the Kwangwoon University in 2009.
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Hwang, KW., Kim, YH. & Kim, T. Interpolation Functions of -Extensions of Apostol's Type Euler Polynomials. J Inequal Appl 2009, 451217 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/451217
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/451217