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General System of
-Monotone Nonlinear Variational Inclusions Problems with Applications
Journal of Inequalities and Applications volume 2009, Article number: 364615 (2009)
Abstract
We introduce and study a new system of nonlinear variational inclusions involving a combination of -Monotone operators and relaxed cocoercive mappings. By using the resolvent technique of the
-monotone operators, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution and the convergence of a new multistep iterative algorithm for this system of variational inclusions. The results in this paper unify, extend, and improve some known results in literature.
1. Introduction
Recently, Fang and Huang [1] introduced a new class of -monotone mappings in the context of solving a system of variational inclusions involving a combianation of
-monotone and strongly monotone mappings based on the resolvent operator techniques. The notion of the
-monotonicity has revitalized the theory of maximal monotone mappings in several directions, especially in the domain of applications. Verma [2] introduced the notion of
-monotone mappings and its applications to the solvability of a system of variational inclusions involving a combination of
-monotone and strongly monotone mappings. As Verma point out "the class of
-monotone mappings generalizes
-monotone mappings. On the top of that,
-monotonicity originates from hemivariational inequalities, and emerges as a major contributor to the solvability of nonlinear variational problems on nonconvex settings." and as a matter of fact, some nice examples on
-monotone (or generalized maximal monotone) mappings can be found in Naniewicz and Panagiotopoulos [3] and Verma [4]. Hemivariational inequalities—initiated and developed by Panagiotopoulos [5]—are connected with nonconvex energy functions and turned out to be useful tools proving the existence of solutions of nonconvex constrained problems. It is worthy noting that
-monotonicity is defined in terms of relaxed monotone mappings—a more general notion than the monotonicity or strong monotonocity—which gives a significant edge over the
-monotonocity. Very recently, Verma [6] studied the solvability of a system of variational inclusions involving a combination of
-monotone and relaxed cocoercive mappings using resolvent operator techniques of
-monotone mappings. Since relaxed cocoercive mapping is a generalization of strong monotone mappings, the main result in [6] is more general than the corresponding results in [1, 2].
Inspired and motivated by recent works in [1, 2, 6], the purpose of this paper is to introduce a new mathematical model, which is called a general system of -monotone nonlinear variational inclusion problems, that is, a family of
-monotone nonlinear variational inclusion problems defined on a product set. This new mathematical model contains the system of inclusions in [1, 2, 6], the variational inclusions in [7, 8], and some variational inequalities in literature as special cases. By using the resolvent technique for the
-monotone operators, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for this system of variational inclusions. We also prove the convergence of a multistep iterative algorithm approximating the solution for this system of variational inclusions. The result in this paper unifies, extends, and improves some results in [1, 2, 6–8] and the references therein.
2. Preliminaries
We suppose that is a real Hilbert space with norm and inner product denoted by
and
, respectively,
denotes the family of all the nonempty subsets of
. If
be a set-valued operator, then we denote the effective domain
of
as follows:
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ1_HTML.gif)
Now we recall some definitions needed later.
Definition 2.1 (see [2, 6, 7]).
Let be a single-valued operator and let
be a set-valued operator.
is said to be
(i)-relaxed monotone, if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ2_HTML.gif)
(ii)-monotone with a constant
if
(a) is
-relaxed monotone,
(b) is maximal monotone for
  (i.e.,
, for all
).
Remark 2.2.
If ,  
, then the definition of
-monotonicity is that of
-monotonicity in [1, 8]. It is easy to know that if
( the identity map on
), then the definition of
-monotone operators is that of maximal monotone operators. Hence, the class of
-monotone operators provides a unifying frameworks for classes of maximal monotone operators,
-monotone operators. For more details about the above definitions, please refer to [1–8] and the references therein.
It follow from [3, Lemma ] we know that if
is a reflexive Banach space with
its dual, and
be
-strongly monotone and
is a locally Lipschitz such that
is
-relaxed monotone, then
is
-monotone with a constant
.
Definition 2.3 (see [1, 7, 8]).
Let , be two single-valued operators.
is said to be
(i)monotone if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ3_HTML.gif)
(ii)strictly monotone if is monotone and
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ4_HTML.gif)
(iii)-strongly monotone if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ5_HTML.gif)
(iv)-Lipschitz continuous if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ6_HTML.gif)
(v)-strongly monotone with respect to
if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ7_HTML.gif)
Definition 2.4 . (see [2]).
Let be a
-strongly monotone operator and let
be an
-monotone operator. Then the resolvent operator
is defined by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ8_HTML.gif)
We also need the following result obtained by Verma [2].
Lemma 2.5.
Let be a
-strongly monotone operator and let
be an
-monotone operator. Then, the resolvent operator
is Lipschitz continuous with constant
for
, that is,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ9_HTML.gif)
One needs the following new notions.
Definition 2.6.
Let be Hilbert spaces and
denote the norm of
, also let
and
be two single-valued mappings:
(i) is said to be
-Lipschitz continuous in the first argument if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ10_HTML.gif)
(ii) is said to be monotone with respect to
in the first argument if
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ11_HTML.gif)
(iii) is said to be
-strongly monotone with respect to
in the first argument if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ12_HTML.gif)
(iv) is said to be
-cocoercive with respect to
in the first argument if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ13_HTML.gif)
(v) is said to be
-relaxed cocoercive with respect to
in the first argument if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ14_HTML.gif)
(vi) is said to be
-relaxed cocoercive with respect to
in the first argument if there exists a constant
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ15_HTML.gif)
In a similar way, we can define the Lipschitz continuity and the strong monotonicity (monotonicity), relaxed cocoercivity (cocoercivity) of with respect to
in the
th argument
.
3. A System of Set-Valued Variational Inclusions
In this section, we will introduce a new system of nonlinear variational inclusions in Hilbert spaces. In what follows, unless other specified, for each , we always suppose that
is a Hilbert space with norm denoted by
,
,
are single-valued mappings, and
is a nonlinear mapping. We consider the following problem of finding
such that for each
,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ16_HTML.gif)
Below are some special cases of (3.1).
If , then (3.1) becomes the following problem of finding
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ17_HTML.gif)
However, (3.2) is called a system of set-valued variational inclusions introduced and researched by Fang and Huang [1, 9] and Verma [2, 6].
If , then (3.1) becomes the following variational inclusion with an
-monotone operator, which is to find
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ18_HTML.gif)
problem (3.3) is introduced and studied by Fang and Huang [8]. It is easy to see that the mathematical model (2) studied by Verma [7] is a variant of (3.3).
4. Existence of Solutions and Convergence of an Iterative Algorithm
In this section, we will prove existence and uniqueness of solution for (3.1). For our main results, we give a characterization of the solution of (3.1) as follows.
Lemma 4.1.
For , let
be a strictly monotone operator and let
be an
-monotone operator. Then
is a solution of (3.1) if and only if for each
,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ19_HTML.gif)
where is a constant.
Proof.
It holds that is a solution of (3.1)
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ20_HTML.gif)
Let .
Theorem 4.2.
For , let
be
-strongly monotone and let
-Lipschitz continuous,
be an
-monotone operator with a constant
, let
be a single-valued mapping such that
is
-relaxed cocoercive monotone with respect to
and
-Lipschitz continuous in the
th argument,
is
-Lipschitz continuous in the
th arguments for each
. Suppose that there exist constants
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ21_HTML.gif)
Then, (3.1) admits a unique solution.
Proof.
For and for any given
, define a single-valued mapping
by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ22_HTML.gif)
for any .
For any , it follows from (4.4) and Lemma 2.5 that for
,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ23_HTML.gif)
For , since
is
-Lipschitz continuous,
is
-relaxed cocoercive with respected to
and
-Lipschitz continuous in the
th argument, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ24_HTML.gif)
For , since
is
-Lipschitz continuous in the
th arguments (
), we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ25_HTML.gif)
It follows from (4.5)–(4.7) that for each ,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ26_HTML.gif)
Hence,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ27_HTML.gif)
where
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ28_HTML.gif)
Define on
by
, for all
. It is easy to see that
is a Banach space. For any given
, define
by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ29_HTML.gif)
for all .
By (4.3), we know that , it follows from (4.9) that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ30_HTML.gif)
This shows that is a contraction operator. Hence, there exists a unique
, such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ31_HTML.gif)
that is, for ,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ32_HTML.gif)
By Lemma 4.1, is the unique solution of (3.1). This completes this proof.
Corollary 4.3.
For , let
be
-strongly monotone and
-Lipschitz continuous, let
be an
-monotone operator, let
be a single-valued mapping such that
is
-strongly monotone with respect to
and
-Lipschitz continuous in the
th argument,
is
-Lipschitz continuous in the
th arguments for each
. Suppose that there exist constants
such that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ33_HTML.gif)
Then, problem (3.1) admits a unique solution.
Remark 4.4.
Theorem 4.2 and Corollary 4.3 unify, extend, and generalize the main results in [1, 2, 6–8].
5. Iterative Algorithm and Convergence
In this section, we will construct some multistep iterative algorithm for approximating the unique solution of (3.1) and discuss the convergence analysis of these Algorithms.
Let and
be two real sequences of nonnegative numbers that satisfy the following conditions:
(1) and
,
(2)
then converges to 0 as
.
Algorithm 5.2.
For , let
be the same as in Theorem 4.2. For any given
, define a multistep iterative sequence
by
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ34_HTML.gif)
where
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ35_HTML.gif)
Theorem 5.3.
For , let
be the same as in Theorem 4.2. Assume that all the conditions of theorem 4.1 hold. Then
generated by Algorithm 5.2 converges strongly to the unique solution
of (3.1).
Proof.
By Theorem 4.2, problem (3.1) admits a unique solution , it follows from Lemma 4.1 that for each
,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ36_HTML.gif)
It follows from (4.3), (5.1) and (5.3) that for each ,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ37_HTML.gif)
For , since
is
-Lipschitz continuous,
is
-relaxed cocoercive with respected to
, and
-Lipschitz is continuous in the
th argument, we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ38_HTML.gif)
For , since
is
-Lipschitz continuous in the
th arguments (
), we have
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ39_HTML.gif)
It follows from (5.4)–(5.6) that for ,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ40_HTML.gif)
Hence,
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ41_HTML.gif)
where
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ42_HTML.gif)
It follows from hypothesis (4.3) that .
Let . Then, (5.8) can be rewritten as
By (5.2), we know that
, it follows from Lemma 5.1 that
![](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1155%2F2009%2F364615/MediaObjects/13660_2009_Article_1941_Equ43_HTML.gif)
Therefore, converges to the unique solution
of (3.1). This completes the proof.
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Acknowledgment
This study was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 70673012, no. 70741028 and no. 90924030), China National Social Science Foundation (project no. 08CJY026).
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Peng, JW., Zhao, LJ. General System of -Monotone Nonlinear Variational Inclusions Problems with Applications.
J Inequal Appl 2009, 364615 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/364615
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/364615