Endpoint regularity of discrete multisublinear fractional maximal operators associated with ℓ1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\ell^{1}$\end{document}-balls

In this paper we investigate the endpoint regularity of the discrete m-sublinear fractional maximal operator associated with ℓ1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\ell^{1}$\end{document}-balls, both in the centered and uncentered versions. We show that these operators map ℓ1(Zd)×⋯×ℓ1(Zd)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\ell^{1}(\mathbb{Z}^{d})\times\cdots\times \ell^{1}(\mathbb{Z}^{d})$\end{document} into BV(Zd)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\operatorname{BV}(\mathbb{Z}^{d})$\end{document} boundedly and continuously. Here BV(Zd)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\operatorname{BV}(\mathbb{Z}^{d})$\end{document} represents the set of functions of bounded variation defined on Zd\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathbb{Z}^{d}$\end{document}.


Background
The regularity theory of maximal operators has been the subject of many recent articles in harmonic analysis. The first work was contributed by Kinnunen [1] who investigated the Sobolev regularity of the centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal function M and proved that M is bounded on the first order Sobolev spaces W 1,p (R d ) for all 1 < p ≤ ∞. It was noticed that the W 1,p -bound for the uncentered maximal operator M also holds by a simple modification of Kinnunen's arguments or [2,Theorem 1]. Subsequently, the above result was extended to a local version in [3], to a fractional version in [4], to a multisublinear version in [5,6] and to a one-sided version in [7]. Due to the lack of sublinearity of weak derivatives of the maximal function, the continuity of M : W 1,p → W 1,p for 1 < p < ∞ is a certainly non-trivial problem. This question was resolved by Luiro in [8]. Later on, Luiro's result was extended to the local version in [9] and to the multisublinear version in [5,10]. Another way to extend the regularity theory of maximal operators is to study its behavior on different differentiable function spaces, such as fractional Sobolev spaces, Triebel-Lizorkin spaces, Besov spaces and so on. We refer the readers to consult [9,[11][12][13]. We notice that the L p -bounds for M is the crux of the W 1,p -bounds for M for all 1 < p ≤ ∞. Due to the lack of the L 1 -bounds for M, the W 1,1 -regularity of maximal operators seems to be a deeper issue. A crucial question was posed by Hajłasz and Onninen in [2]: Question A ( [2]) Is the operator f → |∇Mf | bounded from W 1,1 (R d ) to L 1 (R d )?
This question was solved completely in dimension d = 1. Tanaka [14] first proved that Mf is weakly differentiable and satisfies ( Mf ) L 1 (R) ≤ 2 f L 1 (R) (1.1) if f ∈ W 1,1 (R). The above result was later refined by Aldaz and Pérez Lázaro [15] who showed that if f is of bounded variation on R, then Mf is absolutely continuous and where Var(f ) denotes the total variation of f . The above result directly yields (1.1) with constant C = 1 (see also [16]). For the centered version, Kurka [17] showed that if f is of bounded variation on R, then (1.  [18] and to a multisublinear setting in [19]. In the remarkable work [20], Carneiro et al. proved that the operator f → ( Mf ) is continuous from W 1,1 (R) to L 1 (R). It is currently unknown whether the above continuity also holds for the centered version. For the general case d ≥ 2, Question A remains open, and partial progress was obtained by Hajłasz and Malý [21], Luiro [22] and Saari [23]. Other works on the endpoint regularity of maximal operators include [7,24,25].

Discrete setting
We shall generally denote by n = (n 1 , n 2 , . . . , n d ) a vector in Z d . For a discrete function We also let n p = ( d i=1 |n i | p ) 1/p for all 1 ≤ p < ∞. Formally, we define the discrete analogue of the Sobolev spaces by where ∇f is the gradient of a discrete function f defined by ∇f ( n) = (D 1 f ( n), . . . , D d f ( n)) and D l f ( n) is the partial derivative of f denoted by and e l = (0, . . . , 0, 1, 0, . . . , 0) is the canonical lth base vector, l = 1, 2, . . . , d. It is clear that It follows that Recently, the study of the regularity properties of discrete maximal operators has also attracted many scholars. This progress began with Bober et al. [26] who proved that and where M (resp., M) is the usual discrete centered (resp., uncentered) Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator. We notice that inequality (1.5) is sharp. Subsequently, Temur [27] proved (1.5) for M (with constant C = 294,912,004) following Kurka's breakthrough [17]. Inequality (1.6) is not optimal, and it was asked in [26] whether the sharp constant for inequality (1.6) is in fact C = 2. This question was resolved in the affirmative by Madrid in [28]. Recently, Carneiro and Madrid [18] extended inequality (1.5) to the fractional setting (also see [20,[29][30][31] for the relevant results). For general dimension d ≥ 1, Carneiro and Hughes [32] studied the endpoint regularity of the discrete centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator associated with 2 -balls where B r ( n) is the open ball in R d centered at n with radius r and N(B r ( n)) is the number of the lattice points in the set B r ( n). Carneiro and Hughes [32] first proved that M and its uncentered version map 1 (Z d ) into BV(Z d ) boundedly and continuously. The above result was later extended to a fractional setting in [18] and to a multisublinear setting in [33]. In particular, Liu and Wu [33] investigated the regularity of the discrete centered multisublinear fractional maximal operator associated with 2 -balls where m ≥ 1 and 0 ≤ α < md. Precisely, they proved the following result.
into BV(Z d ) boundedly and continuously.

Main results
It is well known that the geometry of 1 -balls in Z d is more intricate than that of 2 -balls. Especially, the number of lattice points in the 1 -ball is more complex than that of 2 -ball. This makes the investigation of the discrete multisublinear maximal operators associated with 1 -balls very complex and interesting. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the regularity properties of the discrete multisublinear maximal operators associated with 1 -balls. Let m ≥ 1 and f = (f 1 , . . . , f m ) with each f j being a discrete function on Z d . For 0 ≤ α < md, we define the discrete centered m-sublinear fractional maximal operator M α associated with 1 -balls by where r ( n) is the 1 -ball centered at n with radius r, i.e. r ( n) = { k ∈ Z d ; kn 1 < r}, and N( r ( n)) denotes the number of elements in the set r ( n). The uncentered version of M α is given by Here B r ( n) is the open ball in R d centered at n with radius r and N(B r ( n)) is the number of lattice points in the set B r ( n). On the other hand, it was shown in [34] that (1.10) Here Here C 0 > 1 depends only on the dimension d. It follows from (1.8)-(1.9) and (1.11) that (1.12) (1.8), (1.10) and (1.12) imply that (1.13) together with the bounds for M α leads to (1.7).
Based on the above, a natural question, which arises from the above results, is the following: Question C Are both M α and M α bounded and continuous from 1 This problem is the main motivation for this work. We will give an affirmative answer by our next theorem. (1.14) The same results hold for the operator M α .
Remark 1.2 It should be pointed out that our main results are new even in the special case m = 1 and α = 0.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 contains some notation and necessary lemmas. The proof of Theorem 1.1 is given in Section 3. It should be pointed out that the main method employed in this paper is a combination of ideas and arguments from [18,33], but our methods and techniques in the proof of Theorem 1.1 are more simple, direct and different than those in [18,33]. In particular, the proof of Theorem B is highly dependent on a summability argument over the sequence of local maximal and local minima of discrete multisublinear fractional maximal functions and two summability estimates (see [33, Lemmas 2.1-2.2]). In [18,33], the proofs of the corresponding continuity results are highly dependent on the Brezis-Lieb lemma [35]. Moreover, the discrete versions of Luiro's lemma (see [18,) have also played key roles in the proof of the corresponding continuity results in [18]. However, these tools and lemmas are unnecessary in our proof. We would like to remark that the proposed method in this paper can be extended to study the convergence of the parameter estimation algorithms for linear and bilinear systems (see [36][37][38]). Throughout this paper, the letter C will denote a positive constant that may vary at each occurrence but is independent of the essential variables. If there exists a constant C > 0 depending only on ϑ such that A ≤ CB, we then write A ϑ B or B ϑ A; and if A ϑ B ϑ A, we then write A ∼ ϑ B. We also use the conventions i∈∅ a i = 1 and i∈∅ a i = 0.

Preliminary notations and lemmas
Let N = {0, 1, 2, . . .}. For any r ∈ N, we denote by N 1,d (r) the number of elements in the set { n = (n 1 , . . . , n d ) ∈ Z d : n 1 ≤ r}. It is obvious that N 1,d (0) = 1 and N 1,d (r + 1) > N 1,d (r) ≥ 1 for all r ∈ N. Fix n ∈ Z d , since n 2 ≤ n 1 ≤ √ d n 2 , then Here c d is given as in (1.10) and r + := max{r, The following lemmas will play key roles in the proof of Theorem 1.1.

Proof of Theorem 1.1
This section is devoted to the proof of Theorem 1.1. Let γ be defined as in Lemma 2.1. It is clear that

Proof of Theorem 1.1-boundedness part
Let f = (f 1 , . . . , f m ) with each f j ∈ 1 (Z d ). Without loss of generality, we assume that all f j ≥ 0. We divide the proof of this part into two cases.

Centered case
To prove (1.14), it suffices to show that for all 1 ≤ l ≤ d. We shall work with (3.2) for l = d and the other cases are analogous. In what follows, we set n = (n , n d ) ∈ Z d with n = (n 1 , . . . , n d-1 ) ∈ Z d-1 . It is clear that For each n ∈ Z d-1 , let Then we can write Thus, to prove (3.2), it suffices to show that We only prove (3.3) since (3.4) can be obtained similarly. For r ∈ N, we define the func- Since all f j ∈ 1 (Z d ), then lim r→∞ A r ( f )( n) = 0. It follows that for any n ∈ Z d-1 and n d ∈ X + n , there exists r(n , n d ) > 0 such that M α ( f )(n , n d ) = A r(n ,n d ) ( f )(n , n d ). This together with (3.1) yields that It follows that In the last inequality of (3.7) we have used the fact α < (m -1)d + 1. Then (3.3) follows from (3.6) and (3.7).

Uncentered case
In this case the arguments are similar to those in the centered case, but the arguments are more complex than those in the centered case. We want to show that Fix n ∈ Z d-1 . Since all f j ∈ 1 (Z d ), then for any n d ∈ Y + n , there exist r(n , n d + 1) > 0 and l ∈ Z d such that M α ( f )(n , n d + 1) = A r(n ,n d +1) ( f )( l) and (n , n d + 1)l 1 < r(n , n d + 1). By the arguments similar to those used in deriving (3.5), we obtain It follows from (3.9)-(3.11) that Similarly, we can obtain It follows from (3.12) and (3.13) that This proves (3.8) and completes the proof of the boundedness part.

Centered case
Let f = (f 1 , . . . , f m ) with each f j ∈ 1 (Z d ) and g i,j → f j in 1 (Z d ) for any 1 ≤ j ≤ m as i → ∞. Let g i = (g i,1 , . . . , g i,m ) for i ∈ Z. We may assume without loss of generality that all g i,j ≥ 0 and f j ≥ 0 since ||g i,j | -|f j || ≤ |g i,jf j | for all 1 ≤ j ≤ d. Without loss of generality, we shall prove that (3.14) Given ∈ (0, 1), there exists N 1 = N 1 ( , f ) ∈ N such that g i,jf j 1 (Z d ) < and g i,j 1 (Z d ) ≤ f j 1 (Z d ) + 1 ∀i ≥ N 1 and 1 ≤ j ≤ m. (3.15) By the boundedness part, we have that D d M α ( f ) ∈ 1 (Z d ). We also note that α < (m -1)d + 1. Then, for above > 0, there exists an integer with > 0 such that One can easily check that This together with (3.15) implies that M α ( g i )( n) → M α ( f )( n) as i → ∞ for any n ∈ Z. Therefore, we have It follows that there exists N 2 = N 2 ( , f , ) > 0 such that N( 4 ( 0)) ∀i ≥ N 2 and n ∈ 4 ( 0). (3.17) (3.17) together with (3.16) implies that We now prove Fix i ≥ N 1 . We can write