Finite-gain \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathcal{L_{\infty}}$\end{document}L∞ stability from disturbance to output of a class of time delay system

Results on finite-gain \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathcal{L_{\infty}}$\end{document}L∞ stability from a disturbance to the output of a time-variant delay system are presented via a delay decomposition approach. By constructing an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and a novel integral inequality, which gives a tighter upper bound than Jensen’s inequality and Bessel-Legendre inequality, some sufficient conditions are established and desired feedback controllers are designed in terms of the solution to certain LMIs. Compared with the existing results, the obtained criteria are more effective due to the tuning scalars and free-weighting matrices. Numerical examples and their simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Introduction
In the past few decades, a thorough understanding of dynamic systems from an inputoutput point of view has been an area of ongoing and intensive research [-]. The strength of input-output stability theory is that it provides a method for anticipating the qualitative behavior of a feedback system with only rough information as regards the feedback components []. Disturbance phenomenon is considered as a kind of exogenous inputs and is frequently a source of generation of oscillation and instability and poor performance and commonly exists in various mechanical, biological, physical, chemical engineering, economic systems. In this setting several natural questions rise: Does the bounded disturbance produce the bounded response (output)? What are the effects on the output of the same system when tuning the parameters? Do the systems have the property of robustness for the disturbance? Basing on studies of input-output stability, we investigate disturbance-output properties, which demonstrate how the disturbance affects the bounded behaviors of system.
The input-output property is mostly discussed by transfer function [, ]. To the best of our knowledge, there exists some limitation as regards the method of transfer function to study input-output stability to certain extent. For example, as is mentioned in [] of page , the system with transfer function G k (s) =  (s+) k (s++se -s ) is bounded-input-bounded-output stable for k ≥ , even though G k has a sequence of poles asymptotic to the imaginary axis. To determine whether one has stability for smaller values of k seems to be beyond our present techniques, and therefore it is interesting and challenging to extend Lyapunov stability tools for the analysis of input/disturbance-output stability.
However, there are very little works about the analysis of disturbance-output stability of systems with time-variant delays by constructed Lyapunov functionals. This motivates the present study. Our performance objective is to design feedback gain matrices to guarantee the output of a class of delay system will remain bounded for any bounded disturbance by the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method. We will utilize a delay decomposition approach to take information of delayed plant states into full consideration. The bounds of the output vary with the adjustment of parameters. It is also helpful for estimating the upper bound of some cross terms more precisely.
Another feature of our work is the choice of integral inequalities. As is well known, many researchers have devoted much attention to obtaining much tighter bounds of various functions, especially integral terms of quadratic functions to reduce the conservatism in the fields of controlling and engineering. The common mathematical tools are integral inequality and free-weighting matrix method. The most recent researches are based on the Jensen inequality as one of the essential techniques in dealing with the time delay systems to estimate upper bound of time derivative of constructed Lyapunov functional. Currently, there are a few works to analyze the conservatism of Jensen's gap [] in order to reduce Jensen's gap in the use of the Wirtinger inequality [-]. Furthermore, a novel integral inequality called the Bessel-Legendre (B-L) inequality has been developed in [], which encompasses the Jensen inequality and the Wirtinger-based integral inequality. However, the inequalities in [] and [] only concern the study of single integral terms of quadratic functions, while the upper bounds of double integral terms should also be estimated if triple integral terms are introduced in the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional to reduce the conservatism. It is worth noting that the B-L inequality has only been applied to a stability analysis of the system with constant delay.
In this paper, a new class of integral inequalities for quadratic functions in [] via intermediate terms called auxiliary functions are introduced to develop the criteria of finitegain L ∞ stability from a disturbance to the output for systems with time-variant delay and constant delay using appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. These inequalities can produce much tighter bounds than what the above inequalities produce. Moreover, by introducing free-weighting matrix and tuning parameters, feedback gain matrices are obtained. Finally, two numerical examples show efficacy of the proposed approach. Specially, the terms on the left side of the equation are added to the derivative of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, V (t). In this equation, the free-weighting matrix N and the scalar η indicate the relationship between the terms in our system and guarantee the negative definite of stability criteria. As is shown in our theorem, they can be determined easily by solving the corresponding linear matrix inequalities.
Notations Throughout this paper, A - and A T stand for the inverse and transpose of a matrix A, respectively; P >  (P ≥ , P < , P ≤ ) means that the matrix P is symmetric positive definite (positive-semi definite, negative definite and negative-semi definite); R n denotes n-dimensional Euclidean space; R m×n is the set of m × n real matrices; x , A denote the Euclidean norm of the vector x and the induced matrix norm of A, respectively; λ max (Q) and λ min (Q) denote, respectively, the maximal and minimal eigenvalue of a symmetric matrix Q.

Problem statement and preliminaries
Consider the control system with time delay where x(t), u(t), y(t), w(t) ∈ R n are the state vector, control input, control output, disturbance of the system, respectively; φ(t) : [-h  , ] → R n is a continuously differentiable function, A, B, C, D ∈ R n×n are known real parameter matrices, and h(t) : R → R is a continuous function satisfying . To obtain the bounded output of system (), we let where K  , K  are the feedback gain matrices. Substituting () into () gives Let us introduce the following definitions and lemmas for later use.
Definition . The control system () is said to be finite-gain L ∞ stable from a disturbance (here w) to the output (here y) if there exist nonnegative constants γ and θ such that Remark . Definition . relates the output of the system directly to the disturbance; namely, if the system is finite-gain L ∞ stable from w to y, then, for every bounded disturbance w(t), the output y(t) is bounded. There is defined according to Definition . [] a concept of stability in the input-output sense. The constant θ in Definition . is called the bias term.
Remark . The norm function captures the 'size' of the signals. The ∞-norm is useful when amplitude constraints are imposed on a problem, and the -norm is of more help in the context of energy constraints. We will typically be interested in measuring signals of the ∞-norm.
Remark . Inequalities ()-() can produce much tighter bounds than what the mentioned inequalities produce. Inequality () is will be used frequently in the proof of the theorem and the corollary.

Main results
In this section, basing on the delay decomposition approach and integral inequality (), we will give a less conservative criterion such that the time-variant delay system () is finitegain L ∞ stable from w to y. We will solve the design problem for the feedback controller via LMIs. The remaining entries are zero and The desired control gain matrices are given by Proof Consider a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional candidate Applying the proposed integral inequality () in Lemma . leads to We only discuss the first case, and the other case can be discussed similarly.
So, by Lemma . again, we get Moreover, for any scalars ε  > , ε  > , we have Combining equations ()-() giveṡ is bounded obviously. If the first two cases were not true, there would exist t  > t  > , such that which implies there exists a t * >  due to the continuity of Thus for t ∈ [t * , t  ], we have Therefore in the last case, Thus, This shows the trivial solution of system () is finite-gain L ∞ stable from w to y and the feedback gain matrices K i , i = ,  are expressed in the form of Remark . The proposed integral inequalities in Lemma . give much tighter upper bounds in equations ()-() than those obtained by Jensen's inequality. Therefore, the resulting stability criterion in Theorem . is much less conservative than the ones based on Jensen's inequality.
Remark . The utilized state-augmented vector (t) includes newly proposed double integral terms such as If h(t) = h, the system under the assumption Through a similar line as in the proof of Theorem ., we have the following corollary.
Corollary . The control system () with feedback gain matrix K  , K  is finite-gain L ∞ stable from w to y, if there exist matrices  < P,  < Q i ,  < R i , i = , , and N , scalars η,  ≤ β  ,  ≤ β  , such that whereψ ∈ R n×n , The remaining entries are zero. The desired control gain matrices are given by Proof Consider the following Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional candidate: The time derivative along the trajectories of equations () iṡ By inequality () in Lemma ., we obtain where For β  ∈ R\{}, β  ∈ R\{}, it is clear that This, together with ()-(), shows we havė if condition () holds. Thus the output of systems () can be expressed as The feedback gain matrices K i , i = , , are expressed as Remark . To reduce the conservatism, equivalent transformations are employed through the positive scalars β  , β  and the free-weighting matrix N instead of using inequalities when dealing with the item of x T (t)NCw(t) andẋ T (t)NCw(t) in Corollary .. As is shown in () and (), the termsẋ T (t)NCw(t) and η  β ẋ T (t)NCC T N Tẋ (t) and all the resulting relations inV (t) =  i=V i (t) are well used and stability criteria are given in the form of LMIs.
Remark . The bound of output y(t) is dependent on feedback gain matrices in Theorem . and Corollary .. That is to say, the bound of output y(t) can be adjusted by our free weighing matrix N . In this way, our results are much less conservative than those in [, ]. To this end, the control problem has been solved in terms of a solution to the LMIs () and ().
Remark . By developing a delay decomposition approach, the information of delayed plant states can be taken into full consideration. It is worth pointing out that this method has been more widely adopted to the discussion of neural networks and less conservatism is realized by choosing different Lyapunov matrices in the decomposed integral intervals and estimating the upper bound of some cross terms more exactly. It is easily extended to disturbance-output properties of linear time-varying delay systems and the bound of output is influenced by tuning parameters, which will be illustrated with two numerical examples. Since the delay term is concerned more exactly, less conservative results are presented.

Examples
In this section, two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Example . As an application of Theorem ., we consider the system () with the following parameters: As the Remark . states, the bound of output y(t) is dependent on the feedback gain matrices which are solutions to certain LMIs related to parameters η, ε  , ε  , α  , α  . Figures  to  show that we can use the method of delay decomposition to vary the bound of output. Figure  shows the bound of output without any delay decomposition, while Figure  shows the larger bound of output with one delay decomposition, that is, α  = .. We also can get a much larger bound of output given in Figure      The larger bound of output is shown in Figure  by α  = . as compared with that without delay decomposition in Figure . Certainly, the bound of output can also become smaller shown in Figures  and . And it can be seen that the proposed approaches can provide a higher bound than that in the existing result [] with the same parameters.

Conclusions
In this paper, we consider the disturbance-output property of a delay system. Our contributions are as follows: () The delay decomposition approach is used to take information of delayed plant states into full consideration. It is also helpful for estimating the upper bound of some cross terms more precisely. Our examples reveal that we can use this