Figure 1

(a) Graph of \(\Phi (s)\) (blue and red curves represent \(\underline{\Phi }\) and Φ̅, respectively). (b) Illustration of Example 5.1 with different values of α (blue and red curves represent \(\underline{\text{RJ}}^{\alpha}\) and \(\overline{\text{RJ}}^{\alpha}\), respectively, and green and pink dotted curves are \(\underline{\text{LJ}}^{\alpha}\) and \(\overline{\text{LJ}}^{\alpha}\), respectively)